Acronym Meaning
ADS Active Distribution System
P/f Active power/frequency
Adequacy
ACO Ant Colony Optimization
ANN Artificial Neural Network
ACCI Average Customer Curtailment Index
AENS Average Energy Not Supplied
ASAI Average Service Availability Index
ASUI Average Service Unavailability Index
ASCI Average System Curtailment Index
ASIDI Average System Interruption Duration Index
Average System Interruption Frequency
ASIFI
Index
Avolume Average Volume of reservoir
AWS Average Water Spilled
AWE Average Water used to produce Electricity
BESS Battery Energy Storage System
COPT Capacity outage probability table
CC Central controller
Cognitive microgrid
CAES Compressed Air Energy Storage
CI Connection Interface
de-fCERTS Consortium for Electric Reliability Technology
Solutions
CFR Constant Failure Rate
CSIG Constant-speed induction generator
Customer Average Interruption Duration
CAIDI
Index
Customer Average Interruption Frequency
CAIFI
Index
Demand Response
DSM Demand Side Management
DGC Dependable generating capacity
DAFOR Derated Adjusted Forced Outage Rate
DER Distributed Energy Resources
DESD Distributed Energy Storage Device
DG Distributed Generation
DGI Distributed Grid Intelligence
DRER Distributed Renewable Energy Resource
DS Distributed Storage
DMS Distribution Management System
DNO Distribution Network Operator
DFIG Doubly-fed induction generator
ELD Economic Load Dispatch
ELCC Effectife load carrying capacity
EIR Energy index of reliability
EMS Energy Management System
EMS Energy Management System
ENS Energy Not Supplied index
ESS Energy Storage System
EFOR Equivalent Forced Outage Rate
EENS Expected energy not supplied
EWEU Expected Wind Energy Utilized
FFT Fast Fourier Transform model
FOR Forced outage rate
GA Genetic Algorithms
GHG Greenhouse gas
Grid Angular (Transient) Stability
Grid Frequency Support
Grid Voltage Support
Hours reserve
IEEE-RTS IEEE Reliability Test System
IEM Intelligent Energy Management
LDC Load duration curve
Load Levelling / Peak Shaving
LPIDI Load Point Interruption Duration Index
LPIFI Load Point Interruption Frequency Index
LC Local Controller
LC Local controller
LOEi Loss Of Energy at time 'i'
LOEE Loss of energy expectation
LOLi Loss Of Load at time 'i'
LOLD Loss of load duration
LOLE Loss of load expected
LOLF Loss of load frequency
LOLP Loss of load probability
MCR Maximum continuous rating
MTTF Mean Time To Failure
MTTR Mean Time To Repair
MGCC Microgrid Central Controller
Minutes reserve
MPC Model Predictive Control
MCS Monte Carlo simulation
MAS Multi-agentSystem
New Energy and Industrial Technology
defNEDO
Development Organization
OCC Operating Capacity Credit
Operational Reliability
Optimal dispatch (1)
OPF Optimal power flow
PSO Particle Swarm Optimization
PLCC Peak Load Carrying Capacity
PV Photovoltaic
PVCS Photovoltaic conversion system
PCC Point of Common Coupling
PC Point of Connection
Post contingency (2)
PFDS Power flow with distributed slack bus
Power Quality Improvement
Power Reliability
PI Proportional-Integral
PR Proportional-Resonant
Q/V Reactive power/voltage
Ride Through Support
RBTS Roy Billinton Test System
Seconds reserve
Secure dispatch (3)
Secure post-contingency (4)
Security
SST Solid State Transformer
Spinning Reserve
SMES SuperconductingMagnetic Energy Storage
SCADA Supervisory control and data acquisition
SAIDI System average interruption duration index
System Average Interruption Frequency
SAIFI
Index
Unbalanced Load Compensation
UC Unit Commitment
VPP Virtual Power Plant
VSI Voltage-Source Inverter
WECS Wind energy conversion system
WTG Wind turbine generator
Transfer capacity
Definition
A micro- grid equipped with powermanagement and supervisory control for DG units, ESSs and loads
The existence of sufficient facilities within the system to satisfy the consumer demand. These facilities include those neces
and the associated transmission and distribution networks required to transport the energy to the actual consumer load p
considered to be associated with static conditions which do not include system disturbances. Inadequacy is a system failur
unreliability. Billinton's 2nd ed.
Total energy not supplied divided by total number of customers affected (Reliability Evaluation of Power Systems, 2nd ed.,
Total energy not supplied divided by total number of customers served (Reliability Evaluation of Power Systems, 2nd ed., p
Customer hours of available service divided by customer hours demanded (Reliability Evaluation of Power Systems, 2nd ed
Customer hours of unavailable service divided by customer hours demanded (Reliability Evaluation of Power Systems, 2nd
See AENS
Hydro reliability
Hydro reliability
Hydro reliability
The probability of losing generation capacity which may, or may not cause a loss of load
A cognitive microgrid is an intelligent microgrid that features an adaptive approach for the control of the microgrid compo
Sum of customer interruption durations divided by total number of customer interruptions (Reliability Evaluation of Power
Total number of customer interruptions divided by total number of customers affected (Reliability Evaluation of Power Sy
Capacity a plant/unit can reliably provide for a required duration (3 to 16 hrs/day) on each weekday during the two-week
being studied
Canadian naming of EFOR
Total energy not supplied by the system (Reliability Evaluation of Power Systems, 2nd ed., p225, Billinton)
The equivalent probability of finding a unit on forced outage at some distant time in the future - used when reducing multi
representation
Average annual wind energy consumed by the system
Simulation method for modelling reliability in various sized systems which is considerably faster than the direct recursive m
Unit unavailability rate due to unit failure
Hours reserve is available in thermal units that have to be started for this purpose. Hours reserve can be employed to rest
and minutes reserve requirements. (Voorspools, D'haeseleer, 2005)
The expected energy lost due to a capacity outage (Reliability Evaluation of Power Systems, 2nd ed., p69, Billinton)
The expected number of days in the specified period in which the daily peak load will exceed the available capacity
The probability that peak demand will not be met by the available generation
Maximum plant output that can be sustained for at least one hour (highest output in most favourable conditions).
Minutes reserve can be provided by storage units, pumped storage units, gas turbines, turbojets or by thermal power stati
Minutes reserve is intended to take over from the seconds reserve within 15min. (Voorspools, D'haeseleer, 2005)
The capacity benefit of wind power is usually expressed as a percentage of the wind farm capacity and is designated as the
The ability of a power system to provide adequate and secure electrical energy to its customers in a given time interval by
Inherence conditions, (e.g., aging of equipment, health condition), Environment conditions (e.g., ambient temperature, w
weather) and Operating electrical conditions (e.g. transmission line’s current, generator’s voltage) based on the real-time
SCADA/EMS. Moreover, operational reliability should also consider special system operating constrains, such as the rampi
success possibility of its start, time to start. (Overview of power system operational reliability, Sun, Cheng, et al., 2010 IEE
Probabilistic Methods Applied to Power Systems, PMAPS 2010)
This is the state that the power system is in prior to any contingency. It is optimal with respect to economic operation, but
Is the state of the power system after a contingency has occurred. We shall assume here that this condition has a security
beyond its limit flow, or a bus voltage outside the limit).
Intended for frequency control in the interconnected context. Only plants with automatic speed control, which allows them
contribute to sec- onds reserve. Seconds reserve is provided partly by all TSO?s in an interconnected system. UCTE recomm
about 2.5% of the total generating capacity. (Voorspools, D'haeseleer, 2005)
Is the state of the system with no contingency outages, but with corrections to the operating parameters to account for se
Is the state of the system when the contingency is applied to the base-operating condition - with corrections.
Related to the ability of the system to respond to disturbances arising within that system. Security is therefore associated
whatever disturbances they are subjected. These are considered to include conditions causing local and widespread effect
and transmission facilities. Insecurity is a system failure state and contributes to system unreliability. Billinton's 2nd ed.
1. System monitoring
2. Contingency analysis
3. Security-constrained optimal power flow
Supervisory control and data acquisition is a control system architecture that uses computers, networked data communica
for high-level process supervisory management, but uses other peripheral devices such as programmable logic controllers
interface to the process plant or machinery. [See Power Generation, Operation, and Control for more info]
Sum of customer interruption durations divided by total number of customers (Reliability Evaluation of Power Systems, 2n
Can be used in conjunction with EENS (see "Generalized Analytical Approach to Assess Reliability of Renewable-Based Ene
Farzin, M. Fotuhi-Firuzabad and R. Amrollahi, in IEEE Transactions on Power Systems, vol. 32, no. 1, pp. 368-377, Jan. 2017
Total number of customer interruptions divided by total number of customers served (Reliability Evaluation of Power Syst
In the context of VPP, the cognitive microgrid is presented to the host grid at the PCC as a single market agent with a presp
mechanisms and composition of theVPP are hidden from the host power system. It is important to note that the VPP is no
fact, the coordination of multiple DG units throughout a bulk power system is also considered as a VPP solution.