COEFFICIENTS
TABLE 1. COEFFICIENTS FOR NEGATIVE MOMENTS IN SLAB
Ma− = Ca,negwuLa2
WHERE wu = TOTAL FACTORED UNIFORM LOAD ( DL + LL )
Mb− = Cb,negwuLb2
RATIO CASE 1 CASE 2 CASE 3 CASE 4 CASE 5 CASE 6 CASE 7 CASE 8 CASE 9
La
m=
Lb
Ca,neg − 0.045 0.076 0.050 0.071 0.033 0.061
1.00
Cb,neg − 0.045 0.050 0.075 0.071 0.061 0.033
Ca,neg − 0.050 0.072 0.055 0.067 0.038 0.065
0.95
Cb,neg − 0.041 0.045 0.079 0.075 0.056 0.029
Ca,neg − 0.055 0.070 0.060 0.062 0.043 0.068
0.90
Cb,neg − 0.037 0.040 0.080 0.079 0.052 0.025
Ca,neg − 0.060 0.065 0.066 0.057 0.049 0.072
0.85
Cb,neg − 0.031 0.034 0.082 0.083 0.046 0.021
Ca,neg − 0.065 0.061 0.071 0.051 0.055 0.075
0.80
Cb,neg − 0.027 0.029 0.083 0.086 0.041 0.017
Ca,neg − 0.069 0.056 0.076 0.044 0.061 0.078
0.75
Cb,neg − 0.022 0.024 0.085 0.088 0.036 0.014
Ca,neg − 0.074 0.050 0.081 0.038 0.068 0.081
0.70
Cb,neg − 0.017 0.019 0.086 0.091 0.029 0.011
Ca,neg − 0.077 0.043 0.085 0.031 0.074 0.083
0.65
Cb,neg − 0.014 0.015 0.087 0.093 0.024 0.008
Ca,neg − 0.081 0.035 0.089 0.024 0.080 0.085
0.60
Cb,neg − 0.010 0.011 0.088 0.095 0.018 0.006
Ca,neg − 0.084 0.028 0.092 0.019 0.085 0.086
0.55
Cb,neg − 0.007 0.088 0.089 0.096 0.014 0.005
Ca,neg − 0.086 0.022 0.094 0.014 0.089 0.088
0.50
Cb,neg − 0.006 0.066 0.090 0.097 0.010 0.003
TABLE 2. COEFFICIENTS FOR DEAD LOADS POSITIVE MOMENTS IN SLAB
Ma,DL+ = Ca,DLwDLLa2
WHERE wDL = UNIFORM FACTORED DEAD LOAD
Mb,DL+ = Cb,DLwDLLb2
RATIO CASE 1 CASE 2 CASE 3 CASE 4 CASE 5 CASE 6 CASE 7 CASE 8 CASE 9
La
m=
Lb
Ca,DL 0.036 0.018 0.018 0.027 0.027 0.033 0.027 0.020 0.023
1.00
Cb,DL 0.036 0.018 0.027 0.027 0.018 0.027 0.033 0.023 0.020
Ca,DL 0.040 0.020 0.021 0.030 0.028 0.036 0.031 0.022 0.024
0.95
Cb,DL 0.033 0.016 0.025 0.024 0.015 0.024 0.031 0.021 0.017
Ca,DL 0.045 0.022 0.025 0.033 0.029 0.039 0.035 0.025 0.026
0.90
Cb,DL 0.029 0.014 0.024 0.022 0.013 0.021 0.028 0.019 0.015
Ca,DL 0.050 0.024 0.029 0.036 0.031 0.042 0.040 0.029 0.028
0.85
Cb,DL 0.026 0.012 0.022 0.019 0.011 0.017 0.025 0.017 0.013
Ca,DL 0.056 0.026 0.034 0.039 0.032 0.045 0.045 0.032 0.029
0.80
Cb,DL 0.023 0.011 0.020 0.016 0.009 0.015 0.022 0.015 0.010
Ca,DL 0.061 0.028 0.040 0.043 0.033 0.048 0.051 0.036 0.031
0.75
Cb,DL 0.019 0.009 0.018 0.013 0.007 0.012 0.020 0.013 0.007
Ca,DL 0.068 0.030 0.046 0.046 0.035 0.051 0.058 0.040 0.033
0.70
Cb,DL 0.016 0.007 0.016 0.011 0.005 0.009 0.017 0.011 0.006
Ca,DL 0.074 0.032 0.054 0.050 0.036 0.054 0.065 0.044 0.034
0.65
Cb,DL 0.013 0.006 0.014 0.009 0.004 0.007 0.014 0.009 0.005
Ca,DL 0.081 0.034 0.062 0.053 0.037 0.056 0.073 0.048 0.036
0.60
Cb,DL 0.010 0.004 0.011 0.007 0.003 0.006 0.012 0.007 0.004
Ca,DL 0.088 0.035 0.071 0.056 0.038 0.058 0.081 0.052 0.037
0.55
Cb,DL 0.008 0.003 0.009 0.005 0.002 0.004 0.009 0.005 0.003
Ca,DL 0.095 0.037 0.080 0.059 0.039 0.061 0.089 0.056 0.038
0.50
Cb,DL 0.006 0.002 0.007 0.004 0.001 0.003 0.007 0.004 0.002
TABLE 3. COEFFICIENTS FOR LIVE LOADS POSITIVE MOMENTS IN SLAB
Ma,LL+ = Ca,LLwLLLa2
WHERE wLL = UNIFORM FACTORED LIVE LOAD
Mb,LL+ = Cb,LLwLLLb2
RATIO CASE 1 CASE 2 CASE 3 CASE 4 CASE 5 CASE 6 CASE 7 CASE 8 CASE 9
La
m=
Lb
Ca,LL 0.036 0.027 0.027 0.032 0.032 0.035 0.032 0.028 0.030
1.00
Cb,LL 0.036 0.027 0.032 0.032 0.027 0.032 0.035 0.030 0.028
Ca,LL 0.040 0.030 0.031 0.035 0.034 0.038 0.036 0.031 0.032
0.95
Cb,LL 0.033 0.025 0.029 0.029 0.024 0.029 0.032 0.027 0.025
Ca,LL 0.045 0.034 0.035 0.039 0.037 0.042 0.040 0.035 0.036
0.90
Cb,LL 0.029 0.022 0.027 0.026 0.021 0.025 0.029 0.024 0.022
Ca,LL 0.050 0.037 0.040 0.043 0.041 0.046 0.045 0.040 0.039
0.85
Cb,LL 0.026 0.019 0.024 0.023 0.019 0.022 0.026 0.022 0.020
Ca,LL 0.056 0.041 0.045 0.048 0.044 0.051 0.051 0.044 0.042
0.80
Cb,LL 0.023 0.017 0.022 0.020 0.016 0.019 0.023 0.019 0.017
Ca,LL 0.061 0.045 0.051 0.052 0.047 0.055 0.056 0.049 0.046
0.75
Cb,LL 0.019 0.014 0.019 0.016 0.013 0.016 0.020 0.016 0.013
Ca,LL 0.068 0.049 0.057 0.057 0.051 0.060 0.063 0.054 0.050
0.70
Cb,LL 0.016 0.012 0.016 0.014 0.011 0.013 0.017 0.014 0.011
Ca,LL 0.074 0.053 0.064 0.062 0.055 0.064 0.070 0.059 0.054
0.65
Cb,LL 0.013 0.010 0.014 0.011 0.009 0.010 0.014 0.011 0.009
Ca,LL 0.081 0.058 0.071 0.067 0.059 0.068 0.077 0.065 0.059
0.60
Cb,LL 0.010 0.007 0.011 0.009 0.007 0.008 0.011 0.009 0.007
Ca,LL 0.088 0.062 0.080 0.072 0.063 0.073 0.085 0.070 0.063
0.55
Cb,LL 0.008 0.006 0.009 0.007 0.005 0.006 0.009 0.007 0.006
Ca,LL 0.095 0.066 0.088 0.077 0.067 0.078 0.092 0.076 0.067
0.50
Cb,LL 0.006 0.004 0.007 0.005 0.004 0.005 0.007 0.005 0.004
TABLE 4. COEFFICIENTS FOR SHEARS IN SLAB
RATIO OF LOAD W IN La AND Lb DIRECTIONS FOR SHEAR
IN SLAB AND LOAD ON SUPPORTS FOR BEAMS
RATIO CASE 1 CASE 2 CASE 3 CASE 4 CASE 5 CASE 6 CASE 7 CASE 8 CASE 9
La
m=
Lb
Wa 0.500 0.500 0.170 0.500 0.830 0.710 0.290 0.330 0.670
1.00
Wb 0.500 0.500 0.830 0.500 0.170 0.290 0.710 0.670 0.330
Wa 0.550 0.550 0.200 0.550 0.860 0.750 0.330 0.380 0.710
0.95
Wb 0.450 0.450 0.800 0.450 0.140 0.250 0.670 0.620 0.290
Wa 0.600 0.600 0.230 0.600 0.880 0.790 0.380 0.430 0.750
0.90
Wb 0.400 0.400 0.770 0.400 0.120 0.210 0.620 0.570 0.250
Wa 0.660 0.660 0.280 0.660 0.900 0.830 0.430 0.490 0.790
0.85
Wb 0.340 0.340 0.720 0.340 0.100 0.170 0.570 0.510 0.210
Wa 0.710 0.710 0.330 0.710 0.920 0.860 0.490 0.550 0.830
0.80
Wb 0.290 0.290 0.670 0.290 0.080 0.140 0.510 0.450 0.170
Wa 0.760 0.760 0.390 0.760 0.940 0.880 0.560 0.610 0.860
0.75
Wb 0.240 0.240 0.610 0.240 0.060 0.120 0.440 0.390 0.140
Wa 0.810 0.810 0.450 0.810 0.950 0.910 0.620 0.680 0.890
0.70
Wb 0.190 0.190 0.550 0.190 0.050 0.090 0.380 0.320 0.110
Wa 0.850 0.850 0.530 0.850 0.960 0.930 0.690 0.740 0.920
0.65
Wb 0.150 0.150 0.470 0.150 0.040 0.070 0.310 0.260 0.080
Wa 0.890 0.890 0.610 0.890 0.970 0.950 0.760 0.800 0.940
0.60
Wb 0.110 0.110 0.390 0.110 0.030 0.050 0.240 0.200 0.060
Wa 0.920 0.920 0.690 0.920 0.980 0.960 0.810 0.850 0.950
0.55
Wb 0.080 0.080 0.310 0.080 0.020 0.040 0.190 0.150 0.050
Wa 0.940 0.940 0.760 0.940 0.990 0.970 0.860 0.890 0.970
0.50
Wb 0.060 0.060 0.240 0.060 0.010 0.030 0.140 0.110 0.030
DESIGN PARAMETERS FOR SLAB DESIGN
fc' = 27.6 MPa
fy = 415 MPa
db = 12 mm
SLAB THICKNESS
CONSIDER 6.0m x 6.0 m SLAB FOR ALL THICKNESS
ACCORDING TO NSCP TABLE [Link]
ln
h=
33.096
6
h=
33.1
h = 181.27 mm
SAY 185 mm
DESIGN LOADS
Ws = 23.6 KN/m3 x 0.185 m = 4.366 KPa
DESIGN LOADS
DEADLOADS
RETAIL STORE, STORAGE AND HALLWAY
SLAB WEIGHT 4.366 KPa
GYPSUM BOARD ( 13 mm THICK ) 0.100 KPa
SUSPENDED STEEL CHANNEL 0.100 KPa
CERAMIC OR QUARRY TILE ON 25 mm MORTAR 1.100 KPa
MECHANICAL DUCT ALLOWANCE 0.200 KPa
TOTAL DEAD LOAD, DL 5.866 KPa
LIVELOADS
ROOF DECK 4.80 KPa
COMMERCIAL 1.90 KPa
THEREFORE CONSIDER LOADS OF EXIT FACILITIES FOR ALL SLABS
SLAB 1 ( S - 1 )
SOLVE FOR SLAB 1 ROOFDECK [ CASE 4 ]
La = 6.00 m - 0.20 m = 5.80 m
Lb = 6.00 m - 0.20 m = 5.80 m
COMPUTE THE RATIO
La 5.80
m = = = 1.000
Lb 5.80
SINCE 1.000 < 1
THEREFORE DESIGN TWO-WAY SLAB
COMPUTE FOR THE FACTORED LOAD
DL = 1.2 ( 5.87 ) = 7.039 KPa
LL = 1.6 ( 4.80 ) = 7.680 KPa
wu = 7.039 + 7.680 = 14.719 KPa
ASSUME 1m STRIP:
DL = 7.039 KN/m
LL = 7.680 KN/m
wu = 14.719 KN/m
MOMENT COEFFICIENTS
m = 1.000
Ca,neg = 0.050
Cb,neg = 0.050
Ca,DL = 0.027
Cb,DL = 0.027
Ca,LL = 0.032
Cb,LL = 0.032
CALCULATE THE REQUIRED MOMENT USING COEFFICIENT METHOD
(A) NEGATIVE MOMENT @ CONTINUOUS EDGE
USING TABLE 1
CASE 4
m = 1.000
A-1 MOMENT AT SHORT DIRECTION
Ma = CawuLa2
= 0.050 ( 14.719 ) ( 5.800 )2
Ma = 24.758 KN-m
A-2 MOMENT AT LONG DIRECTION
. Mb = CbwuLb2
= 0.050 ( 14.719 ) ( 5.800 )2
Mb = 24.758 KN-m
(B) POSITIVE MOMENTS
USING TABLE 2 AND 3
A-1 SHORT DIRECTION
A-1a Ma,DL = Ca,DLwDLLa2
= 0.027 ( 7.039 ) ( 5.800 )2
Ma,DL = 6.394 KN-m
A-1b Ma,LL = Ca,LLwLLLa2
= 0.032 ( 7.680 ) ( 5.800 )2
Ma,LL = 8.267 KN-m
A-1c Ma = Ma,DL + Ma,LL
= 6.394 + 8.267
Ma = 14.661 KN-m
B-1 LONG DIRECTION
B-1a Mb,DL = Cb,DLwDLLb2
= 0.027 ( 7.039 ) ( 5.800 )2
Mb,DL = 6.394 KN-m
B-1b Mb,LL = Cb,LLwLLLb2
= 0.032 ( 7.680 ) ( 5.800 )2
Mb,LL = 8.267 KN-m
B-1c Mb = Mb,DL + Mb,LL
= 6.394 + 8.267
Mb = 14.661 KN-m
(C) NEGATIVE MOMENT @ DISCONTINUOUS EDGE
C-1 MOMENT AT SHORT DIRECTION
1
Ma = (POSITIVE MOMENT)
3
1
= ( 14.661 )
3
Ma = 4.887 KN-m
C-2 MOMENT AT LONG DIRECTION
1
Mb = (POSITIVE MOMENT)
3
1
= ( 14.661 )
3
Mb = 4.887 KN-m
CALCULATE EFFECTIVE DEPTH, d
d = h − cc − 0.50 x db
= 185 − 20 − 0.5 ( 12 )
= 159.00 m
CALCULATE FOR THE REINFORCEMENT LIMITS
(A) ρMAX
0.75 (0.85 f'c β1) ( 600 )
ρMAX =
fy 600 + fy
0.75 (0.85) (27.6) (0.85) [ 600 ]
=
415 600 + 415
ρMAX = 0.0213
(B) AsMIN
SINCE fy = 415 MPa < 420 MPa,
THERFORE,
AsMIN = 0.002Ag
= 0.002 ( 1000 ) ( 159 )
AsMIN = 318.00 mm2
(C) SMIN (ACCORDING TO NSCP §425.2)
SMIN = 50 mm
(D) SMAX (CRITICAL SECTIONS - MIDSPAN AND CONTINUOUS EDGES)
SMAX = 2h OR 450
= 2 ( 185 ) OR 450
= 370.00 OR 450
THEREFORE USE,
SMAX = 370.00 mm
(E) SMAX (LESS CRITICAL SECTIONS - DISCONTINUOUS EDGES)
SMAX = 3h OR 450
= 3 ( 185 ) OR 450
= 555.00 OR 450
THEREFORE USE,
SMAX = 450.00 mm
CALCULATE THE REQUIRED AREA OF REINFORCEMENTS
(A) ALONG THE SHORT DIRECTION
A-1 AT MIDSPAN
14.661 x 106 = 0.9 Ru ( 1000 ) ( 159 )2
Ru = 0.644 MPa
[ ρA ( 415 ) ]
0.644 = ρA ( 415 ) 1 −
1.7 ( 27.6 )
ρA = 0.00158
SINCE ρA = 0.002 < ρMAX = 0.0213
THEREFORE, SINGLY
As = ρbd
= ( 0.002 ) ( 1000 ) ( 159.00 )
As = 251.567 mm2
SINCE As = 251.567 mm2 < AsMIN = 318.00 mm2
THEREFORE USE, As = 318.000 mm2
As
n =
A12mmØ
318.000
=
0.25 π (12)2
n = 2.812
1000
S =
n
1000
=
2.812
S = 355.652 mm
SAY 355 mm
SINCE S = 355 mm < SMAX = 370 mm
THEREFORE,
USE 12 mm Ø BARS SPACED @ 355 mm O.C
A-2 AT CONTINUOUS EDGE
24.758 x 106 = 0.9 Ru ( 1000 ) ( 159.00 )2
Ru = 1.088 MPa
[ ρA ( 415 ) ]
1.088 = ρA ( 415 ) 1 −
1.7 ( 27.6)
ρA = 0.00271
SINCE ρACT = 0.00271 < ρMAX = 0.0213
THEREFORE, SINGLY
As = ρbd
= ( 0.003 ) ( 1000 ) ( 159.00 )
As = 430.646 mm2
SINCE As = 430.646 mm2 > AsMIN = 318.00 mm2
THEREFORE USE, As = 430.646 mm2
As
n =
A12mmØ
430.646
= 2
0.25 π (12)
n = 3.808
1000
S =
n
1000
=
3.808
S = 262.622 mm
SAY 260 mm
SINCE S = 260 mm < SMAX = 370 mm
THEREFORE,
USE 12 mm Ø BARS SPACED @ 260 mm O.C
A-3 AT DISCONTINUOUS EDGE
4.887 x 106 = 0.9 Ru ( 1000 ) ( 159.00 2
)
Ru = 0.215 MPa
[ ρA ( 415 ) ]
0.215 = ρA ( 415 ) 1 −
1.7 ( 20.7 )
ρA = 0.00052
As = ρbd
= ( 0.00052 ) ( 1000 ) ( 159.00 )
As = 82.800 mm2
SINCE As = 82.800 mm2 < AsMIN = 450.00 mm2
THEREFORE USE, As = 450.000 mm2
As
n =
A12mmØ
450.000
=
0.25 π (12)2
n = 3.979
1000
S =
n
1000
=
3.979
S = 251.327 mm
SAY 250 mm
SINCE S = 250 mm < SMAX = 450 mm
THEREFORE,
USE 12 mm Ø BARS SPACED @ 250 mm O.C
(B) ALONG THE LONG DIRECTION
B-1 AT MIDSPAN
14.661 x 106 = 0.9 Ru ( 1000 ) ( 159 )2
Ru = 0.644 MPa
[ ρA ( 415 ) ]
0.644 = ρA ( 415 ) 1 −
1.7 ( 27.6 )
ρA = 0.00158
SINCE ρA = 0.00158 < ρMAX = 0.02130
THEREFORE, SINGLY
As = ρbd
= ( 0.00158 ) ( 1000 ) ( 159.00 )
As = 251.567 mm2
SINCE As = 251.567 mm2 < AsMIN = 318.00 mm2
THEREFORE USE, As = 318.000 mm2
As
n =
A12mmØ
318.000
= 2
0.25 π (12)
n = 2.812
1000
S =
n
1000
=
2.812
S = 355.652 mm
SAY 355 mm
SINCE S = 355 mm < SMAX = 370 mm
THEREFORE,
USE 12 mm Ø BARS SPACED @ 355 mm O.C
B-2 AT CONTINUOUS EDGE
24.758 x 106 = 0.9 Ru ( 1000 ) ( 159.00 )2
Ru = 1.088 MPa
[ ρA ( 415 ) ]
1.088 = ρA ( 415 ) 1 −
1.7 ( 27.6 )
ρA = 0.00271
SINCE ρACT = 0.00271 < ρMAX = 0.02130
THEREFORE, SINGLY
As = ρbd
= ( 0.00271 ) ( 1000 ) ( 159.00 )
As = 430.646 mm2
SINCE As = 430.646 mm2 > AsMIN = 318.00 mm
2
THEREFORE USE, As = 430.646 mm2
As
n =
A12mmØ
430.646
=
0.25 π (12)2
n = 3.808
1000
S =
n
1000
=
3.808
S = 262.622 mm
SAY 260 mm
SINCE S = 260 mm < SMAX = 370 mm
THEREFORE,
USE 12 mm Ø BARS SPACED @ 260 mm O.C
B-3 AT DISCONTINUOUS EDGE
4.887 x 106 = 0.9 Ru ( 1000 ) ( 159.00 )2
Ru = 0.215 MPa
[ ρA ( 415 ) ]
0.215 = ρA ( 415 ) 1 −
1.7 ( 20.7 )
ρA = 0.00052
As = ρbd
= ( 0.00052 ) ( 1000 ) ( 159.00 )
As = 82.800 mm2
SINCE As = 82.800 mm
2
< AsMIN = 370.00 mm
2
THEREFORE USE, As = 370.000 mm2
As
n =
A12mmØ
370.000
=
0.25 π (12)2
n = 3.272
1000
S =
n
1000
=
3.272
S = 305.668 mm
SAY 305 mm
SINCE S = 305 mm < SMAX = 450 mm
THEREFORE,
USE 12 mm Ø BARS SPACED @ 305 mm O.C
CALCULATE THE LOAD EFFECTS OF SLAB ON BEAM
SHORT DIRECTION
Wa = W AT / L
WHERE W = WEIGHT OF SLAB
AT = TRIBUTARY AREA
WHERE AT = La2 / 4
= 5.80 2 ( 0.25 )
AT = 8.410 m2
L = LENGTH OF BEAM ON THE DIRECTION
LOAD PER METER: ( DEADLOAD )
WaDL = 5.866 x 8.410 / 6.00
= 8.222 KN / m
LOAD PER METER: ( LIVELOAD )
WaLL = 4.800 x 8.410 / 6.00
= 6.728 KN / m
LONG DIRECTION
Wb = W AT / L
WHERE W = WEIGHT OF SLAB
q AT = TRIBUTARY AREA
WHERE 2LA - LB
AT = ( LB )
4
2 ( 5.80 ) - ( 5.80 )
= ( 5.8 )
4
2
AT = 8.410 m
L = LENGTH OF BEAM ON THE DIRECTION
LOAD PER METER: ( DEADLOAD )
WaDL = 5.866 x 8.410 / 6.00
= 8.222 KN / m
LOAD PER METER: ( LIVELOAD )
WaLL = 4.800 x 8.410 / 6.00
= 6.728 KN / m