SCHOOL OF BASI , SCJF: , .( TS \ \'I) IH:SF..\IH 11 . "-11 ,\RDi\ l ' \'I\ Fl{...
;l :l"Y
PH YSICS LAHORATORY .\J .\ .\ 'l".\L
Experiment title: To determine th e acceleration due to gravity ·g· using a simpl e pendulum.
Objective: To detennine the acceleration due to gravity ' g' using a simple pendulum.
Apparatus: SLrin g, pendulum bob, stop watch, meter sca le.
Form ula used:
,, hen.:, T = time period of the simpk pl'.ndul11111
L = length of string
g = acce lerati on due to gravity
Theory:
CI
.\ ~i111pk _l)L'.JIJulum Lvll ::. i::.b ur .I :,111.,i i [Ju l.I :, u:,p u1 ,i1.: J ii) .• '' -= '" , 11I .1:,:, 1,::-.:, J , 11 ill ;:'. di iut!;;li l I_
fixed at its upper end . When pulled back and rel ea sed. the mass <;w in gs throu gh ih L'quilihrium
(venter) po.i nt to a point L'.4ual in liL'.i glH Lu LhL'. n.:k.i:,-: pvi11t , dII..i ll.1.:h. tu Ll1-: '"m g i11<1 I 11.: ki.b..: µui11L
L> \. er the same path. T he force th at k-:cp5 thL'. pendulum hnb L·ons1anll) 1111 J, ·Ing tm,-ard it s
~ uil ibrium position is the force o f gravity actin g on th e bob.
Th1: period T, of an object in simple harmonic motion is ddiJH:d JS the timL' t'n r onL' com pl cti:
L)L·k . For :, mu ll ang le:-, (0 .,.., 5°). it c1 11 bl' :-.ltt> \\11 tlt :1l tltL· p, 1iuJ t d · :1 -; irn p k :1 ,· 11d 11 !u1 11 i" ~i \ l· 11
b):
(1
2
= 4,r -
L
t-, T2
where g is the acceleration due to gravity, 9.8 mis: in above formula. T is th e timL'. pL·ri uJ aiHJ L
is the leng1h o f th e pend ulum . If the kn ~th I. o f th e pendulu m i, incrc:-i~cd ,n t!i l· 1i I1 pl-riuJ T 1,·
will increase. However, it i s not a linear relationst)ip. The period increases as the square root of
the length . T hus, if the length of a pendulum is increased hy a factor of 4. th e period is onl y
dou bled. Thi s is a logarithmic rel ation ship.
1
~
•
'I .
'
ltOB )
Ii
'
l
I
I..
j
, ,..,_
,. ..,_
~. \
"' ....,. ·__,_ ) _ ... -
0 (:•
(n) ( bJ
S h n p! ,.• Pn1d u)11m '
(n) B,ob ot re s t h.1 1ue.11n po sition 0.
(L>) Bob ltt f Will(l,lra e motloq b~twee11 extreme po sition s A aud B.
E xpcri11w11lal setup for simple pc11dulum
I , M e11s11ru lhu longt.h ol' the pe11dulume from one sLring e11d tu th e middle ul' tile r~ndulum.
Hocord lhe lcnglh of lhc pendulum in the table given below.
I
, Sel lhe pe11dL1lun1 in n1olio1111n1ill it compld es 10 Lo and l'rn oscillations .
, l{epu111 ii li1r 3 linicK und tnk ~ 1he n1 e11n .
, Cuk11l11(e th u,poriml fol' om: nseilltilinn by dividin g lh c number of record er tim e hy .1 0.
!
• l<l1pe11t Ilic 111 cusiiruniL:lll liH' 11ln.:c d i'llL: n:111 lengllis usin g snnlL' rrncedure as given abo ve.
/
O bservation table:
Least count of meter scale ·
. ···········
-- L .: 11,;Ll- ;u l ll~i~..iJ lP~ JJl 1
l 1 . 11 1..· 1·u1 -~U l.,
1 orsuspension to cent er n,c ill ;ition r eriocf T
. -1\.. Ul i
T
o f the pc: ndu l urn) L Iu n l l ( :-.L'C/
- - ---+-_(,__S_L' C)
=t13tU l , LT J
_·_ __ __
~
I
Calcula tions:
Pk11 th e graph between 7' 2 vs L. It shoul d be a s1rai gh1 li ne. I i1 1d oul th e slopt: u f' lhL" lin e. U sing
[Link] g iven be lo w ca lcul ate g.
Result: Th e e:x perim ent ::i ll y ca lrn l:1t c:d ,·:tl11 c n f" g i,
ta nd ard va lue of g is .. .. . .. .
Standard Hesult~Experimental Result
1
010 error = Standard Result x 100
3
Precautions:
1. Di stance should to be measured, froni the point of suspention to the center ot' the bob.
'
2. Time should be noted with the help of stop 'watch .
1
3. Amplit,ude of os~illation must be s~~II.,
Viva voice:
I
1. What ,is a simple·pendulum?
2. What is a second~ pendulum?
3. What is the nature of [Link] of simple pendulum?
4. What' is the length of the simple pendulum?
5. Can .we ·conduct simple pendulum experiment at the centre of earth?
6. What is the shape of the l- T2 gn;tph of a simple pendulum?
7. Does a simple penduhrm stop finally?, Why?
Outcome of the experiment:
In this experiment students would°able to learn about simple harmonic motion and it's condition.
Also this experiment helps students to understant the consept of gravitational force .
