1.
INTRODUCTION
The purpose of this design is to check the adequacy of DOTL heavy grade fixed handrails against a vertical
or horizontal point load of 1kN applied at any point of the handrail as specified by STDS-ST-SPE-1-0001-
01-00-00 Section 8.4. The handrail is also checked for adequacy against wave slam loading as required by
STDS-ST-SPE-1-0001-01-00-00 Section 4.16.
2. DESIGN ASSUMPTIONS
2.1 The handrails are checked using MATHCAD spreadsheet for the local stress caused by in-service loading.
2.2 Design checks are performed according to AISC - Specification for Structural Steel Buildings, Allowable
Stress Design
3. MATERIAL PROPERTIES
Yield Strength Fy := 275 MPa
Poission Ratio := 0.3
Young's Modulus 5
E := 2.10 10 MPa
E 4
Shear Modulus G := = 8.077 10 MPa
2 (1 + )
kg
Density p := 7850 3
m
Corrosion allowance C r := 0mm
Doc G00A-ST-RPT-01-00137-107-00 Appendix A2-1 of A2-8 Rev :A
4. SEA PARAMETERS
kN
Sea water density w := 10.124 3
m
Maximum wave height (As per Structural Design H w := 14.4 m
Basis)
Corresponding maximum wave period Tw := 11.5 sec
Slamming coefficient (As per API-RP2A, Section C s := 5.5
C2.3.1b12 )
Permissible stress modifier Smod := 1.333
5. DESIGN CHECKS
5.1. VERTICAL LOAD OF 1 kN
The most critical position for a vertical load of 1 kN will be at the midspan of the 30mm dia member (at
location A in the figure). The member is conservatively assumed to be fixed at the ends and is checked for
adequacy.
Diameter of the solid pipe dact := 30mm
Effective diameter of the solid pipe d := dact - 2 C r
Unsuppported length of pipe lp := 950mm
2
Area of member d = 706.858 mm 2
Ab :=
2
Doc G00A-ST-RPT-01-00137-107-00 Appendix A2-2 of A2-8 Rev :A
4
Moment of inertia of the member Iv := ( d)
64
4 4
Iv = 3.976 10 mm
Iv
Section modulus Sv :=
d
2
kN
Self weight of member SW := Ab p g = 0.054
m
2
1kN lp SW lp
Maximum bending moment M max := + = 0.123 kN m
8 12
M max
Actual stress developed under design condition act := = 46.343 MPa
Sv
Allowable bending stress cy := 0.75 Fy = 206.25 MPa
act
Unity check for moment UCmoment := = 0.225
cy
Check moment := "NOT OK"
"OK" if UCmoment < 1
Unity check result Check moment = "OK"
1kN + SW lp
Max shear force R max :=
2
R max
Actual stress developed under design condition vact := = 0.744 MPa
Ab
Allowable shear stress vallowable := 0.4 Fy = 110 MPa
vact
Unity check UCshear := = 0.007
vallowable
Check shear := "NOT OK"
"OK" if UCshear < 1
Doc G00A-ST-RPT-01-00137-107-00 Appendix A2-3 of A2-8 Rev :A
Unity check result
Check shear = "OK"
3
1kN lp
Member deflection 1 := 384 E I = 0.267 mm
v
lp
Allowable deflection all := = 2.639 mm
360
Deflection check Check defl := "OK" if all 1
"NOT OK" otherwise
Deflection check result Check defl = "OK"
5.2. WAVE SLAM LOADING
As required by STDS-ST-SPE-1-0001-01-00-00 Section 4.16, the handrail is checked for adequacy against
the wave slam forces. The horizontal members are assumed to be fixed at the joints.
Diameter of the critical solid horizontal member dact := 30mm
Effective diameter of the solid pipe d := dact - 2 C r
Unsuppported length of pipe lp := 950mm
2
Area of member d 2
Ab := = 706.858 mm
2
4
Moment of inertia of the member Iv := ( d)
64
4 4
Iv = 3.976 10 mm
Iv
Section modulus Sv :=
d
2
Hw m
Vertical water particle velocity Vw := = 3.934
Tw s
Doc G00A-ST-RPT-01-00137-107-00 Appendix A2-4 of A2-8 Rev :A
2
C s w d Vw kN
Slamming force on the member Fsm := = 1.318
2 g m
Maximum bending moment due to wave slam (self-weight 2
Fsm lp
of structure has not been considered, conservatively, as M w := = 0.099 kN m
slam is acting on the vertical direction) 12
Mw
Maximum bending stress sb := = 37.395 MPa
Sv
Allowable bending stress sy := 0.75 Fy = 206.25 MPa
sb
Unity check for bending UCsb := = 0.181
sy
Check sb := "NOT OK"
"OK" if UCsb < 1
Unity check result Check sb = "OK"
Fsm lp
Max shear force on the member R smax := = 0.626 kN
2
R smax
Actual stress developed under design condition vsact := = 0.886 MPa
Ab
Allowable shear stress vsall := 0.4 Fy = 110 MPa
vsact
Unity check UCss := = 0.008
vsall
Check ss := "NOT OK"
"OK" if UCss < 1
Unity check result Check ss = "OK"
4
Fsm lp
Member deflection s := 384 E I = 0.335 mm
v
Doc G00A-ST-RPT-01-00137-107-00 Appendix A2-5 of A2-8 Rev :A
lp
Allowable deflection sall := = 2.639 mm
360
Deflection check Check sdefl := "OK" if sall s
"NOT OK" otherwise
Deflection check result Check sdefl = "OK"
5.3. LATERAL LOAD OF 1 kN
The most critical position for a lateral load of 1 kN will be at the top of the 48mm dia member (at location B
in the figure). The member is conservatively assumed to be a cantilever at the bottom and the intermediate
horizontal mebers are assumed to provide no restraint against the loading. Since the members are welded,
we can safely assume that three vertical members would share the lateral load
Diameter of the solid pipe dact := 48mm
Effective diameter of the solid pipe d := dact - 2 C r
Unsuppported length of pipe lp := 1150mm
2
Area of member d 2
Ab := = 1809.557 mm
2
4
Moment of inertia of the member Iv := ( d)
64
5 4
Iv = 2.606 10 mm
Doc G00A-ST-RPT-01-00137-107-00 Appendix A2-6 of A2-8 Rev :A
Iv
Section modulus Sv :=
d
2
1kN lp
Maximum bending moment M max := = 0.383 kN m
3
M max
Actual stress developed under design condition act := = 35.306 MPa
Sv
Allowable bending stress is cy := 0.75 Fy = 206.25 MPa
act
Unity check for bending UCmoment := = 0.171
cy
Check moment := "NOT OK"
"OK" if UCmoment < 1
Unity check result Check moment = "OK"
1kN
Max shear force R max :=
3
R max
Actual stress developed under design condition vact := = 0.184 MPa
Ab
Allowable shear stress vallowable := 0.4 Fy = 110 MPa
vact
Unity check UCshear := = 0.002
vallowable
Check shear := "NOT OK"
"OK" if UCshear < 1
Unity check result Check shear = "OK"
1kN 3
lp
3
Member deflection 2 := = 3.088 mm
3 E Iv
Doc G00A-ST-RPT-01-00137-107-00 Appendix A2-7 of A2-8 Rev :A
lp
Allowable deflection all2 := = 6.389 mm
180
Deflection check Check defl := "OK" if all2 2
"NOT OK" otherwise
Deflection check result Check defl = "OK"
6. CONCLUSION
The heavy grade replacable handrail (from GNLC-ST-STD-1-0525-07-00_A2) was checked against a
vertical load or lateral load of 1 kN at the most critical locations and wave slam loading and was found to be
adequate.
Doc G00A-ST-RPT-01-00137-107-00 Appendix A2-8 of A2-8 Rev :A
