Solutions to Practice Exam on
Integration Techniques
⌠ 5x3 – 5x2 + 11x + 19 dx
1. ⎮ (x – 1)2 (x2 + 9)
⌡
5x3 – 5x2 + 11x + 19 A B Cx + D
2 2 = x–1 + 2 + 2
(x – 1) (x + 9) (x – 1) x +9
5x3 – 5x2 + 11x + 19 = A(x – 1)(x2 + 9) + B(x2 + 9) + (Cx + D)(x – 1)2
x = 1: 30 = 10B → B = 3
Multiplying out the right side:
A(x3 – x2 + 9x – 9) + B(x2 + 9) + (Cx + D)(x2 – 2x + 1) =
(A + C)x3 + (–A + B – 2C + D)x2 + (9A + C – 2D)x + (–9A + 9B + D)
coefficient of x3: 5 = A + C
coefficient of x: 11 = 9A + C – 2D
constant: 19 = –9A + 9B + D → 19 = –9A + 27 + D → –9A + D = –8
9A + C – 2D = 11
A+C =5
8A – 2D = 6 → 4A – D = 3
4A – D = 3
–9A + D = –8
–5A = –5 → A = 1 A +C=5 → C=4 4A – D = 3 → D = 1
5x3 – 5x2 + 11x + 19 1 3 4x + 1
2 2 = x–1 + 2 + 2
(x – 1) (x + 9) (x – 1) x +9
⌠ 5x3 – 5x2 + 11x + 19 dx = ⌠ 1 dx + 3⌠ 1 ⌠ 4xdx + ⌠ 1
⎮ (x – 1)2 (x2 + 9) ⌡x–1 ⎮ 2 dx + ⎮ x2 + 9 ⎮ x2 + 9 dx
⌡ ⌡ (x – 1) ⌡ ⌡
(I) (II)
1 ⌠ 1 1
(I) ⌠
⎮ (x – 1)2 dx = ⎮ u2 du = – u + C1 = –
1 + C1
⌡ ⌡ x– 1
u=x–1
du = dx
4x dx ⌠ 2x dx ⌠ du
(II) ⌠
⎮ x2 + 9 = 2⎮ x2 + 9 = 2⌡ u = 2 ln|u| + C2 = 2 ln(x2 + 9) + C2
⌡ ⌡
u = x2 + 9
du = 2x dx
⌠ 5x3 – 5x2 + 11x + 19 dx = ln x – 1 – 3 + 2 ln (x2 + 9) + 1 tan – 1 x + C
⎮ (x – 1)2 (x2 + 9)
⌡ x– 1 3 3
1 3 3
2. ⌠
⌡ x5 sin x3 dx = – 3 x cos x + ⌠
⌡ x2 cos x3 dx
u = x3 dv = x2sin x3 dx
1
du = 3x2 dx v = – 3 cos x3 (see below)
1 1 1
v= ⌠ ⌠ sin x3 (3x2 dx) = ⌠
⌡ x2 sin x3 dx = 3 ⌡ 3 ⌡ sin w dw = – 3 cos w + C1
1
w = x3 = – 3 cos x3 + C1
dw = 3x2 dx
1 1 1
⌠ x2 cos x3 dx = 3 ⌠
⌡
2
⌡ cos x3 (3x dx) = 3 ⌠
⌡ cos z dz = 3 sin z + C2
1
= 3 sin x3 +C2
z = x3
dz = 3x2 dx
⌠ x5 sin x3 dx = – 1 x3 cos x3 + 1 sin x3 + C
⌡
3 3
3. ⌠ ⌠ x
⌡ ln (x + 1) dx = x ln (x + 1) – ⌡ x + 1 dx
(I)
u = ln (x + 1) dv = dx
1
du = x+1 dx v=x
x 1
(I) ⌠ x + 1 dx = ⌠ 1 – x + 1 dx = x – ln (x + 1) + C1
⌡ ⌡
1
x+1 x
x+1
–1
⌠
⌡ ln (x + 1) dx = x ln (x + 1) – x + ln (x + 1) + C = (x + 1) ln (x + 1) – x + C
1
4. ⌠ sin5 2x cos4 2x dx = – 2 ⌡
⌡ ⌠ sin4 2x cos4 2x (–2 sin 2x dx)
1
u = cos 2x = –2⌠ 2 2 4
⌡ (1 – u ) u du
1
du = –2 sin 2x dx = –2⌠ 4 2
⌡ (u – 2u + 1)u du
4
1
sin2 2x = 1 – cos2 2x = 1 – u2 = –2⌠ 8 6
⌡ u – 2u + u du
4
1 u9 7 5
sin4 2x = (1 – u2)2 = –2 – 2u + u + C
9 7 5
= – 1 cos9 2x + 1 cos7 2x – 1 cos5 2x + C
18 7 10
⌠ 1 ⌠ dx ⌠ du u
5. ⎮ 6x – x2 dx = ⎮ 9 – (x – 3)2 = ⎮ = sin–1 3 + C
⌡ ⌡ ⌡ 9 – u2
x– 3
6x – x2 = – (x2 – 6x + 9) + 9 u=x–3 = sin – 1 + C
3
= 9 – (x – 3)2 du = dx
⌠ x4 1
dx = 5 ⌠
5x4 1 du
dx = 5 ⌠
1
6. ⎮ ⎮ ⎮ 1/4 = 5 ⌠
⌡ u–1/4 du
⎮ 4 x5 + 1 ⎮ 4 x5 + 1 ⌡u
⌡ ⌡
1 4
u = x5 + 1 = 5 ⋅ 3 u3/4 + C = 4 (x5 + 1)3/4 + C
15
du = 5x4 dx
1 1
7. ⌠x
⌡ tan (x2) dx = 2 ⌠
⌡ tan (x2) (2x dx) = 2 ⌠
⌡ tan u du
u = x2
1 1
du = 2x dx = 2 ln|sec u| + C = 2 ln|sec x2| + C
⌠ x ⌠ u2 – 2
8. ⎮ x + 2 dx = ⎮ ⌠ (u2 – 2) du
2u du = 2 ⌡
⌡ ⌡ u
3
u= x+2 = 2 u – 2u + C = 2 u 3 – 4u + C
3 3
u2 = x + 2
x = u2 – 2 = 2 (x + 2)3/2 – 4 x + 2 + C
3
dx = 2u du
⌠ 1 ⌠ 3 cos θ dθ 1 1
9. ⎮ (9 – x2)3/2 dx = ⎮ 3 = 9⌠⎮ 2 dθ
⌡ ⌡ 27 cos θ ⌡ cos θ
x
θ = sin–1 3
x 1 1
sin θ = 3 = 9⌠ 2
⌡ sec θ dθ = 9 tan θ + C
x = 3 sin θ
1! x + C
dx = 3 cos θ =
9 9 – x2
(9 – x2)3/2 = (9 – 9 sin2 θ)3/2
= 27 cos3 θ
3 x
x
tan θ =
! 9 – x2
9 – x2
⌠ 1 ⌠ 1 ⌠ du 1 –1 u
10. ⎮ x2 – 4x + 20 dx = ⎮ (x – 2)2 + 16 dx = ⎮ u2 + 16 = 4 tan 4 + C
⌡ ⌡ ⌡
x2 – 4x + 20 u=x–2
= (x2 – 4x + 4) + 16 du = dx
–1 x – 2
= (x – 2)2 + 16 = 1 tan + C
4 4