Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
REGION III – CENTRAL LUZON
SCHOOLS DIVISION OF PAMPANGA PROVINCE
NATIVIDAD NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
BRGY. NATIVIDAD, GUAGUA, PAMPANGA
MODULES FOR SUMMER CLASS REMEDIATION FOR
READING AND WRITING
Name: MARTIN, ALTHEA V. Date: ___________________
Module 1: Text as a Connected Discourse
Many books offer lengthy discussions about proving or disproving theories. Despite being extensive and
tedious, the writings in those books remain coherent. On the other hand, other books like recipe books
and manuals contain instructional writings. They present procedures and steps. The long and
comprehensive discussions as well as the instructional writings are referred to as discourse.
OBJECTIVE/S:
a. Describes a written text as connected discourse.
b. Identify the nature and purpose of a discourse.
c. Identify and differentiate between the types of literary discourses.
LEARN ABOUT IT!
I. Definition and Purposes of a Discourse
● A discourse is a formal and often lengthy discussion of a topic, where concepts and insights are
arranged in an organized and logical manner. Also, it refers to the way how language is used to convey
meanings or to propel action or provoke a specific response. It is often associated with speech, but it
may also be written. It usually serves as a writer’s or a scholar’s analysis of a concept or theory proposed
by another writer.
●Below are the purposes of a discourse.
1. To inform
– A discourse that aims to inform provides a descriptive and comprehensive discussion on the topic. It
points out what one should know about a topic or subject.
2. To persuade
– A discourse that aims to persuade tries to convince the readers that the proposed claim or solution is
better than any other proposal.
3. To entertain
– A discourse that aims to amuse provides a source of entertainment for its readers.
●Analyzing a discourse is usually contextual. The reader tries to consider several factors that may have
influenced the writer to make certain claims. Those factors explain the author’s biases, philosophy, and
educational and professional backgrounds, among others. Below are three of those factors.
1. Culture
– The beliefs, customs, attitudes, language, and other things that define culture may influence the
author’s perspective on several issues. Knowing about the culture the author belongs to, the reader may
understand his or her biases.
2. Social environment
– The author’s physical surroundings and social relationships, as well as the culture of the time may
have influenced his or her writing. For instance, during the early decades of the 20th century, most
writers produced works that were classified as “modern” because of its distinct feature: stream of
consciousness.
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– Personal accounts or first-hand experience of events, though subjective, establish credibility and
reliability of information presented in any discourse.
Address: Brgy. Natividad, Guagua, Pampanga
Email Address: NatividadHS.com1966@[Link]
Telephone No.: (045) 624-2229
Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
REGION III – CENTRAL LUZON
SCHOOLS DIVISION OF PAMPANGA PROVINCE
NATIVIDAD NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
BRGY. NATIVIDAD, GUAGUA, PAMPANGA
II. Types of Discourse
•Argumentation
– In this type of discourse, the writer aims to persuade the audience or readers. He or she presents valid
claims or counterclaims, each supported by evidence, to prove a point. In proving claims, the writer
presents studies, experts’ opinions, and statistical data, among others. Moreover, an argumentative
discourse should appeal to logic or reason instead of emotion.
Example:
A recent study confirmed that playing video games may cause children to become violent.
However, this is only true for some children. Dr. Charlotte Cooper and Dr. Markey Vitasa of ABC
University explained that children who manifest a combination of three personality traits
―high neuroticism, disagreeableness, and low levels of conscientiousness―are more likely to be
aggressive toward others after playing video games.
In order to convince the readers, the author of the passage mentioned a study to support his or her
claim about video games. The author did not simply state that video games may cause children to
become violent; he or she proved it by citing two experts.
•Description
– This type of discourse is based on the main impression of the author about the topic or subject. His or
her impression is influenced by prior knowledge, culture, environment, and experiences, among others.
As the writer describes his or her observations, it triggers sensory images among readers.
Example:
When I first saw my childhood friend Margarette, she was about my younger sister Viv’s height. Her hair
was curly and dark, and her skin was pale. But what really struck me when I first saw her was her big
round blue eyes.
Through the author’s description, the reader can infer what the person Margarette looks like.
•Exposition
– This aims to inform, clarify, and explain a phenomenon. It defines what something is and provides an
in-depth discussion about topics that are usually less explored. Moreover, it gives reader instructions on
how something is done.
Example:
How to set up an email account
1. Choose the web host.
2. Look for the sign up button. Click it.
3. Provide the required information.
4. Think of a unique username and a password. (Tip: For the password, type in uppercase or add
characters.)
5. Start using the newly setup email account.
The passage gives instructions on how to set up an email account. Some examples of an exposition may
be found in some magazine articles or editorials, which usually include life hacks.
•Narration
– This type of discourse is like storytelling. It recalls events chronologically. It is told in the first, second,
or third person point of view. Moreover, its structure may be linear or nonlinear. A linear structure
follows a typical format: beginning, middle, end; while a nonlinear structure may start from the end or
in the middle.
Address: Brgy. Natividad, Guagua, Pampanga
Email Address: NatividadHS.com1966@[Link]
Telephone No.: (045) 624-2229
Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
REGION III – CENTRAL LUZON
SCHOOLS DIVISION OF PAMPANGA PROVINCE
NATIVIDAD NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
BRGY. NATIVIDAD, GUAGUA, PAMPANGA
Example:
I remember the time when I learned how to swim. I was only eight years old and afraid to bathe in a
pool. I envied the kids who played with inflatable balls and animals. Whenever my family would visit the
clubhouse, I would sit beside the pool and never really jump in to join them. A summer camp opened in
our neighbourhood, and my mom thought of enrolling my brother and me in a swimming class. Two days
before the class started, my mom gave me a pep talk; that made me realize that I did not want to miss
out the fun just because I was afraid.
The passage conveys a person’s experience about learning how to swim. The events are told
chronologically, and the story is told in the first person point of view.
LEARNING TASKS!
Task 1: Read and analyze Abraham Lincoln’s Gettysburg Address. Identify the purpose of the
discourse. Write your answer on the space provided below.
Fourscore and seven years ago our fathers brought forth, on this continent, a new nation,
conceived in liberty, and dedicated to the proposition that all men are created equal. Now we are
engaged in a great civil war, testing whether that nation, or any nation so conceived, and so dedicated,
can long endure. We are met on a great battle-field of that war. We have come to dedicate a portion of
that field, as a final resting-place for those who here gave their lives, that that nation might live. It is
altogether fitting and proper that we should do this. But, in a larger sense, we cannot dedicate, we
cannot consecrate—we cannot hallow—this ground. The brave men, living and dead, who struggled
here, have consecrated it far above our poor power to add or detract. The world will little note, nor long
remember what we say here, but it can never forget what they did here. It is for us the living, rather, to
be dedicated here to the unfinished work which they who fought here have thus far so nobly advanced.
It is rather for us to be here dedicated to the great task remaining before us—that from these honored
dead we take increased devotion to that cause for which they here gave the last full measure of
devotion—that we here highly resolve that these dead shall not have died in vain—that this nation,
under God, shall have a new birth of freedom, and that government of the people, by the people, for
the people, shall not perish from the earth.
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Address: Brgy. Natividad, Guagua, Pampanga
Email Address: NatividadHS.com1966@[Link]
Telephone No.: (045) 624-2229
Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
REGION III – CENTRAL LUZON
SCHOOLS DIVISION OF PAMPANGA PROVINCE
NATIVIDAD NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
BRGY. NATIVIDAD, GUAGUA, PAMPANGA
Task 2: Identify what kind of discourse is presented in Texts 1 and 2. Justify your answer by stating the
characteristics of each text. Write your answer on the space provided below of the text.
Text 1:
Good day! I apologized for the delayed response. The art event will be held on the 16th of July.
To get to the venue, turn left from the mall. You will see a drugstore in the corner. Turn right
after two blocks. You will find a low-rise building beside a bank. Go inside and inform the
receptionist that you are one of the participants. Do not forget to bring a proof of identification.
The venue is located on the third floor.
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Text 2:
Hi, Mom! Sorry I only checked my email now. It has been crazy lately. I have been working on
several course requirements since last week. How are you and Dad? Please tell him I said hi and
I miss him. Anyway, I got accepted for internship in an accounting firm. Can you believe it?
Finally! My internship starts this October. I will let you know about the details soon.
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Address: Brgy. Natividad, Guagua, Pampanga
Email Address: NatividadHS.com1966@[Link]
Telephone No.: (045) 624-2229
Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
REGION III – CENTRAL LUZON
SCHOOLS DIVISION OF PAMPANGA PROVINCE
NATIVIDAD NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
BRGY. NATIVIDAD, GUAGUA, PAMPANGA
Task 3. Answer the following questions.
1. How useful is connected discourse to you as a student?
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2. Do you think this is applicable when you’re in your respective stations of work in the future?
Why? How?
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Checked by: Parents Name & Signature:
_______________________________ _______________________________
ADELYN F. DIZON
Date Signed:
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Address: Brgy. Natividad, Guagua, Pampanga
Email Address: NatividadHS.com1966@[Link]
Telephone No.: (045) 624-2229