Science Chapter 7

Ye ‘ou must have heard the cric! ame. Have eeatnat feat ever wondered why’ Ado ee ‘effect on the game: cricket m er can change the course of 4 shovel tne gen it altogether by bringing h of rain, Similarly, you must have alse en eldersin your fam wy the weather before planning family ifthe weathers aoing to be condy, they woukd suggest (2 0V7 ® Soe eather is going 12 be tL experts discussing the sing the weather before the start of the 2 The 1 Weather report which appeared 1 newspaper on Sunday Fig. ve: The maximum temperaty waterproof pandal. If the wea! cold, they would suggest to have # ied panel: Temperati In Fact ano our day avis are Pa as dering the past 24 hours Was 365°C 43" per weather predicted for that d Thus, weather gurekets means that this maxing” has a profound effect on our lives Hence tf jamperature is. 3 ®& abovel ottial) 4S fectomaner on the f21e¥I810"—pinimuim Temperature during the a eonwemedne co ene bescheleaeans is erature is 2 °C Pe are daily reports 0! radio andin thenewspapers Jlen clothes when You this minimum temp’ j You are asked to carry woo! are planning to go t0 2 hill station because the somal). STimate on the hill station is always ¢O fou nee 0 ; ; fot carry woollen clothes, if cs are going to ™ Moonrise and Moonset 7 moon will rise on coastal areas like Goa and ‘Mumbai because the Sunday at 4.45 pm an will set on Monday a ‘climate there is not cold. It is important to 3.03am. understand that there is a difference between 3. Sunrise and Sunset : The sun will set on weatherand climate. Sunday at 7.11 pm and the sun will rise on ae chapter we will study about weather and Monday at5-44am- adap ee tala sea hn iferentarnalb 4. Humidity (measure of the moisture in ai WEATHER limate of their habitat. The maximum humidity recorded in the past Asam 24 hours was 66% and the minimum humidi iple of weather rey ity port from a newspaper is was 53%, Weather Forecast given in Fj in Fig. 7.1. We ing i m this weatherrepore following information ‘Fo ‘The forecast of weather for the day (Sunday in this Cordova Learning Series ITD Scanned with CamScannergas as that the partly cloudy sky, (avhich may tain), Uhundery: development ig ™ jcomeareas: The maNimum and minimum predicted for the day are 37°C and “fi g that the daily weather report carries ation about the temperature, humidity and er during the past24 hours. Lalso gives the ss of sunrise sunset, moonriseand moonset nb ther report also predicts the weather for theday: sae atmospheric conditions on a particular day, Jace with respect to the temperature, 9 tii rainfall, speed and direction of wind, I galledthe weatheratthat place on that day The! temperature, humidity and other factors are Mjedtheelementsof the weather (pyou Know? “The weather reports are prepared by the scientists | (ealed meteorologists) of the Indian Neteorological Department of the Government Wr India. This department uses diferent scientific instruments to collect data on temperature, veesure, wind speed, wind direction, humidity, gud formation and makesthe weather forecast. THE SUN CAUSES CHANGES IN THE WEATHER All changes in the weather are mainly caused by the sun (Fig. 72). The sun is a huge sphere of hot gasesata very high temperature tis the source of allheatand lighton the earth, (al hot weather Cexdoca Learning Sexes (b) cloudy weather Fig. 7.2 Changes in the weather are cased by the sun * The heat of the sun absorbed and reflected by the earth's surface, oceans and the atmosphere Tt plays an important role in determining the temperature at any place. If the temperature of air (or atmosphere) around us on a particular day is high, we say that the weather is ‘hot’ If the temperature on a particular day is low, We say that the weatheris’cold’. * The heat of the sun causes the water from the surface of oceans and land to evaporate to form water vapour, The water vapour rises high up in the atmosphere, gets cooled, condenses and forms clouds. If there is a lot of water vapour (or moisture) in the air, we say that the weatheris ‘humid’. @Qwimrife ‘Some newspapers cary the weather data for some of the major cities, Television and radio news bulletins also include weather reports. This helps us plan our activities according to the weather and allows people to be prepared for bad weather. + We know that the sun heats up the earth's surface. The hot surface of the earth heats the air near it, This hot air (being lighter) rises up, creating an area of low pressure. Air from high pressure area moves towards the low pressure area, This moving air is called wind. So, itis the heat ofthe sun that causes the wind toblow. When a lot of wind blows then, we say that the weatheris windy. (0 rainy weather Scanned with CamScanner CEE[From the above discussion, we conclude that the ther’, ‘cold weather’, ‘humid F sun causes ‘hot w | weather’, ‘rainy weather’, ‘windy weather’, In } fact, all the changes in the weather are caused by the sun. ELEMENTS OF THE WEATHER ‘The different elements of the weather include the maximum and minimum temperatures, humidl rain and snow, and wind. 1. Maximum and Minimum Temperatures The highest temperature recorded during a day is called the maximum temperature and the lowest temperature recorded during the day is called the minimum temperature. The maximum and minimum temperatures are recorded with the help of a special thermometer called ‘maximum- minimum thermometer’ (Fig. 7.3). In order to prepare weather ’ reports, the maximum and minimum temperatures reached during the whole day are Fig. 7.3 A maximum minimum thermometer recorded. €D you Know ? » We feel cool, comfortable and quite pleasant in the » early mornings, even in summers. This is because in the early morning, the sun's slanting rays do not heat __up the ground and air toa large extent. i The minimum temperature fora particular day is Tecorded in the early morning (when the Surroundings are cooler). As the day advances, it becomes warmer. The direct azod un raysheat up the ound and suey Meng langeestent The maximum tem, 4b particular day is reached some qj,"*t/ his makes the surroundings hy nyt afternoon, This mak aeituunbearable uring Summers, Foy A Sry fee feel so miserable in the alter’ wean summers. “ 2. Humidity We now know, humidity is the measury mojstare in air, When the aMOUNE of water! ty intheairishigh wesay thathumidityisijg, "Poy + he weather reports if REWSPAPEES show hin, in percentage (%). They actually show vey humidity, Relative humidity is the amoy te water vapour present in the air expresseq é percentage of the maximum amount of "8 Papour it can hold at that temperate, Hiya BF 100 per cent (100%) at @ particular temperay means that the air is saturated with water ‘poi that temperature. Humidity of 50 per cont oo means that theair containshalf the amountof wa) vapourrequired for saturation atthat temperate The relative humidity X of the air does not remain constant over the day. It changes with temperature and other conditions. For this reason, weather reports F18 7-1 'yeromele show two figures— relative humidity, maximum relative humidity and minimum Fig. 7.4 Hygrometer is relative humidity. Relative humidity is measured with the help of aninstrument called hygrometer (Fig.7.4). 3. Rainand Snow In the clouds, when the water droplets join together and become heavy, they come down as rainfall. When the temperature is very low, the water droplets ina cloud freeze into crystals of ice Lo _—___— Coxdane Leasing Sees ED Scanned with CamScannery jot aS SHOW RAGA ig py et a yi jn millimetres with the ally " het Se se call ngage, "tp of an lence fipytenk i pasuting ey Researchey iM ge ise measuring cylinder, With afinno) — 9BVatione y At’, sina. space-based ralnfall gin ap, to collect rainwater (ig. 7.5) nett historical sett eta ther to the caren ond Mt OP ee the nal ata wag oO Rain ami al ta to eb ety a enn NPIACE In the Unit near ng thE a famine to mentor rainfall Fae als be HM a a high resolution, aver most of the " = funnot 4. Wind The moving ; wher Moving ait Is called wind, During winters, suis eth the winds blow from the mountains of i ye inet ™ India towards the northern plains, the plains become te . become very cold. During summers, the “Is blow from the western India towards central : beara tne eastern India and these regions ecome very hot, Fig. 7.5 Rain gauge tiple Choice Questions (MCQs). Tek the correct options erie condition on a parti ‘The atmosp! Particular day, at a place wit I vealed 5 ' y a place with respect to the temperature, humidity, ete, (a) imate © ©) weather © © season © Bralitiiese \whichof the following isnot an element of the weather? fo) temperature) (®) humidity CO) tattude ‘Weather reports are prepared by O © wind speed Pt 3. 7 asi a) geologists —) (0) meteorologists CO © germinologists © @) physicians 44, Themaximum temperature fora particular day is recorded in the C So (a) evening OC ©) night © © morning © ©) afternoon 5, Allchanges in the weather are caused by the . (a) moon OC © sun O © earth O © attitude Oo CLIMATE For example, the temperature in the Himalayan ‘The scientists called ‘meteorologists’ record the _ Tegionis very low mostof the time, thatis why, we wweatherat various placeseveryday. The records of aN say that the climate of Himalayan region is weather have been preserved for the past several Very cold. The temperature in the Thar desert is, decades. These records help the meteorologists high most of the time, that is why, we can say that determine the weather pattern at a place, The heclimateinThardesertis very hot. Insome parts average weather pattern at a place taken over a Of Meghalaya, the average annual rainfall is long period of time (say 25 years) is called the 20 em and above. It rains almost every day. We climate of that place. say, the climate in Meghalaya is hot and humid. In Jaisalmer (Rajasthan), the annual rainfall is (exdeva Leaning Sexes SD ———————————————@, Scanned with CamScannerImer has ‘hot and W dey’ climate. Wi © describes short term atmospheric of a place whereas climate describes ther e long term (9 ons of a particular geographical region s suddenly and is ars) average weather Woather at 2 place chang applicable to 2 smaller area, may be a city oF a 1 group of cities while climate changes take swly over a long period of time and cable toa much larger area, may bea state oraregion. FACTORS DETERMINING CLIMATE ‘The climate of a place is determined mainly by its distance from the equator (latitude), altitude, distance from the sea, winds and human activities. Letusstudy each of theabove factors. 4. Distance from the equator (Latitude) : The tropicofcancer (.e,23':°N) passeselmosthalf wey through India. The the tropical zone and the northern India above thetropicof cancer lies in the subtropical zone. As the places below the tropic of cancer are near to the equator, they experience high tem This is because the sun rays fall Geealy on the equator. Lower the latitude, higher the temperature and higher the Inetade,[Link], latitude of aplaceaffecisitscimate. >. Altitade Places located on high altitudes, ie, on hills or mountains, like Shimla, Srinagar znd Udhagamandalam (Ooty) are cooler than places in the plains like Lucknow and 'Mlshabad. Mountains can change or even stop windsand rainfall and henceaffect climate. 3. Distance from the sea: The seas have a moderate effect on the temperature in the coastal areas. This means that areas close to the sea do not experience a large variation in the temperature across seasons. The places near the coasts, such as Mumbai and Chennai experience less variation in temperature than os the places far away from the cog have extreme climates with very 5 and very cold winters, hon Winds regions during the winter month... waves. During summers, hot and an « cause hot waves which ines! “ey temperature. Thus, climate dy “ase whether windsarehotorcold and hata Know [i El Nino effect: The irregular warming water in the Pacific ocean is known as ¢j; - This warming of surface water pumps moisture into the atmosphere thus, alterin wind and rainfall patterns which exyo™* droughts and floods in countries around tr rim. In India also, the monsoon rains an influenced by the ElNino effect. . 4. i Winds blowing frog ie, Uni, IEnic 8 dong, Stace noe Human activities : Human actvig influence the climate of place. + Industrialisation: A very la : fossil fuels is utilised by the indus ee use of fossil fuels is responsible increasing carbon dioxide concentra fo the atmosphere thereby causing acid ns and pollution. ies Deforestation (Large scale cutting trees) Large scale cuting of tees esuitsy an increased amount of carbon dioxi the atmosphere. This increased catben dioxide in the atmosphere causes 2, increase in the temperature of the atmosphere, thereby affecting theclimate, CLIMATE AND ADAPTATIONS Climate has a great effect on all the living organisms (plants and animals). The living organisms have certain favourable characteristics, like body shape and structure, colour, size, behaviour or food habits suited to climate of thet habitat. The favourable characteristics (features and habits) which enable the living organismsto rn S aly, Cordova Learning Series ED Scanned with CamScannerof he awe and breed in their surround; ive | dadaptation, F undii Fy at) iscalles adaptation, For ex, y = nee ample, plant fi imal VINE invery cold othotclimatemae | fei. adaptations to protect themselve; po extreme cold or hot climatic conditions ° we yvabout the adaptations of animalsliin 2 regions deserts and tropical rainforests, . lt eions reassituated near the north and south poles saith are called polar regions. The polar egos pave an extreme cold climate. Some well wn countries that belong to the polar region canada, Greenland, Iceland, Norway, Sweden, 1 xe! " ¥ + plod askin the USA and Siberian region of pussia. parents penguins, musk der, xe, reindeer, foxes seals, whales, ete., livein polar regions. tetusseehow these animals are adapted in polar ons by considering the examples of polar pearsand penguins. Adaptationsin Polar bears sola bears are perfectly adapted to live inthe ice cold environment of the Arctic polar region (north pole of the earth). They have the following adaptations (Fig. 7.6): Polar bears have two thick layers of fur on their bodies. The outer thick layer of fur is made of hollow hair. The hollow hair trap air (a bad conductor of heat) and keep the body warm, They have a thick layer of fat called blubber under the skin that keeps the body warm in extremely cold climate. This fat layer also provides nutrition when food becomes scarce insevere cold climatic conditions. They have white-coloured fur, so that they are not easily visible in the snowy white background. It protects them against their predators (who kill and eat them). Italso helps them in catching their prey. —_ Think Itis said that b dinosaurs got extinct from the earth ecause changin, ma Could not adapt themselves to the climatic conditions. Can similar thing happen t 0 other ani pee er animals also? How can we |. They hav ‘ey have a strong sense of smell so that they can locate and catch their prey. 5 Tey have short ears and tail. This prevents loss of body heat through these parts. They have long, curved and sharp claws whichhelp them walk once. 7. Physical activities on warm days make the Polar bear feel hot. So, they cool themselves by swimming in the icy sea. They have to move slowly and rest often to avoid getting over- heated. 8. Their paws are wide and large which help them not only in swimming well but also in walking with ease on thesnow. |. They are excellent swimmers. While swimming under water, they close their nostrils and can remainunder water forlong durations. White fur helps in camouflage. Hollow hair trap air near the body. 4—short ear strong smelling nose ace wide and large paw non-slip sole to stip the ice Fig, 7.6 Adaptations of Polar bear which help in surviving in the Arctic region Adaptations in Penguins Penguins are flightless birds that “Antarctic region (south polar region of the earth. live in the Scanned with CamScannerpredators in the fey remote They eat fish, so, they’ swimmers. Since, the Jost thei Penguins do not have regions where they live have become very good ot fy to took for food, they have | newt n ability to fly. Penguins can live in the extre the polar region dueto the following adaptations colour with black-coloured 1. They are white in feathers on their back. The white colour merges well with the white surrounding of ice black-coloured feathers on the and mely cold climate of and snow. The penguin’s back absorb heat from the sun help them keep warm during theday: 2. They have thick skin and a layer of fat called babber below their shin which keeps them warminextreme cold climate. 3, They huddle together in groups to keep themselves warm (Fig. 7-7)- Each group may comprise severalthousand penguins Fig. 7.7 Huddle of penguins immers. They have like wings and (Fig.78). 4. They are also excellent sw streamlined bodies, flipper! webbed feet whichhelp them swim | blubber for insulation “= and food reserve — / streamlined body fj; Bes lapeot fener = | webbed tet —————awr Fig. 7.8 Penguin is adapted to live in the Antarctic region. Migration Birds migrate to warmer regions y iacTheycomebsaofor ihe wine called migration. ST Sow ‘One of the most common migra comes to India every year fora few bird y, Siberian crane (Fig. 7.9). The no ont th Siberian eranes Is Siberia (which ie habits place). When Sa ven 4 winter sets in | ta Siberia, it gets extremely cold. At that time, the Siberian cranes fly thousands of kilometres and come to relatively warmer places in India such as Bharatpur in Rajastha in Haryana and some other pen ata te (Fig. 7.10). They stay in the warmer pla * Ina, for a few months. The Siberian cranes Ay ne siberia when the winter gels over th 4 climate becomes favourable. as ‘inte, " re ve Fig. 7.9 Siberian crang i ck ty ang Every winter, the Arctic tem flies all th to Antarctica and returns to the Arctic mee when it is summer, covering a distance ies 35,000km. Y 7.10 Migratory birds in flight feo Scanned with CamScannerernie Questions (MEQ Secs oon i in « ian! pe pene rf) sl patitatof Siberian crane jg © ©) Suttanpur eually meastred in CO) ©) centimetrey me a a) gr atory birds oO iasthan is Oo en in Bharatpur in Ry OQ ©) touean 6 the following isa migratory big wr eriancrane () (b) Arctictom ; ib CO @ ee found in O 5 neni O ©) polar poser te “easar2 very hot and dry places. In class 6, wd oad ow a camel is well adapted to ou HHT gesert. Let us recall the adaptations of eo patelpitinitssurvival Fig. 7.1), j 2088 Fasalump where fats stored, The camel 0 wis iS fat as food in case of scarcity of food. ‘large ammount of water gets stored in its omach. pe sweats very little and also excretes very je water in urine, This helps to conserve @ wale tect qe Pro vrpest san Nostils can be closed to keep out sand, Fat stored in the hump acts as a food reserve. Long legs help in away from the heat of the sand, Broad feet help in walking on sand, Fig. 7.11 A camel has several adaptations to survive in desert. Coun Learning Serie regions, ) (dl) metres (9 Stern (Od) none of these (9 Siberian crane ¢ 2 (A) penguin (©) both(a)and() () (ay noneotthese — ©) (© subtropical C) (d) desert () Thas large sole which helps to walk on soft ground. (*) Tthas tong legs which keep the body away from theheatofsand. (vi) Long eyelashes protect the eyes from sand. Most animals which live in the deserts spend the daytime hiding in shady places. They come out at night to look for food (Fig. 7.12). They are called nocturnal animals, Some animals have very large ears which have blood vessels near the surface. Theair which blows across the ears cools the blood whichin turn cools the body. (a) kangaroo rat (b) fennec fox Fig. 7.12 Animals living in desert The Tropical Regions ‘The areas which lie closetto the equatorare called tropical regions. They extend between 10° Nand 10°S. +The tropical regions have hot and humid climate with abundantrainfall throughout theyear. Scanned with CamScanner+ They have sunlight for at dlays and nights are almost throughout the year. gns have ral inn tength nsw rainforests (Tig, are found in Western ndia, South-cast The tropical 7.13), Tropical rait teand north-oastem parts in Tr tral America, South America, Central Jandsof Pacificocean, nforests: Con and many ish ts. are home to half of all the nthe earth, The major ‘al rainforests “The tropical rainto living plants and animals types of animals living in the trop ae monkeys, apes, gorillas, lions, tigers, wakes, birds and qlephants, leapants, lizards, Since a lange number of animals js an intense competition for s study the adaptations of and humid ive in insects. these forests, there food and shelter. Let u some of the animals living in hot climate of the tropical rainforests Fig. 7.13 Tropical rainforest Adaptations in Elephants An elephant is a very Ja tropical rainforests. It can live and survive in the tropical rainforests due to the following rge animal of Indian adaptations (Fig. 7.14): 1. The trunk of an elephant is basically an elongated nose. The trunk helps the elephant in many ways. * The elephant has a strong sense of smell because it uses its trunk as anose. ° The elephant uses its long trunk to pick up food (like grasses and leaves) and put itinto its mouth, st 12 hours, Le. Figs 7.14 An Indian elephayg ay ef Fhavsifa Mant the clephant uses its trunk water (by sucl ‘ ater (by sucking up wate for ring into themouth). aNd Duag ing? "4 ephant has biga tusks. Tusks ae te eet Nc elephant. lhusesthe tiske totes Sh ott trees which iteats as food. It aledse, treba for fighting with enemiesand peg t*etuy, 3, The elephant has large ears These ( hear even the lowest sounde «PMc predators, so it can sense the disper by ig away for safety. When the temmeen M4 theelephants flap theirlargeeare sen as fans to cool themselves in thchowna Bey unig climate of the rainforest. Adaptations in Big Cats The wild animals such as lions, ti leopards are called big cats (Fig. 7.15), ‘hee = adaptations in big cats which help tiem ie survive in tropical rainforests areastollows, 1. The big cats (lions and tigers) eat only the (or flesh) of other animals. They have a hi # ; developed sense of smell which helps ae locate their prey (suchas deer), _ 2. The yellow-brown colour of lion and the yellow-brown colour with black stripes of tiger help them camouflage by blending with the surroundings. It protects them from thei predators. It also helps them in catching theit prey. ”r—_—__—____—— Cordova Leaning Sevies SEED Scanned with CamScannerbig cats have Arp evesight to joe at epigeats ate the 2 PM jgomadistance. their py jig cats CAN TUN Very fagy wl e bi THe atch their prey. ee sbigcatshave long, strong and gh, ‘ ner frontlegsto catch and hold th int hich helps 4h ! Ap claws cir prey. tb) atiger Fig. 7.15 Big cats ia ptations in Red-eyed Frog N wadayed 08 has Tet jbulging bright- 50, it is called M peyed tog (Fg. 7.16). ighassticky pads on its get which help it climb Ff on the tree trunk AE piga™ easily on MS onwhichitlives. daptationsin Toucan qovcanhasalong colourful beak which measures more than half the Tength of its body (Fig. 717), The long beak helps a toucan to reach the fruits on such branches which are too Rg weak to support its Fig, weightor the weight of any other animal. Adaptations in Lion-tailed Macaque Fig. 7.16 A red-eyed frog The lion-tailed macaque has silver-white mane, which surrounds the head from the cheeks down to its chin (Fig, 7.18). This gives this monkey its German name ‘Beard ape’. The tail is medium Cordova Learning Series CTR Scanned with Camscanner Coppros. as "pe *: em) and hag 2 Back tu at the end Similarty, * flowers and buds. It also eats insects Fig found under the bark of the trees, Sincy it ig trees, spend 1B A lion: macaque (beard a able to get sufficient food on the XN tarely comes down on the ground and ‘Sa major par ofits life on the tree Adaptations in Monkeys Monkeys, are well adapted to live on the trees in tropical Tainforests. They have long tails for Srasping branches, Their hands a that they can easily hold on to the branches of the trees, They have opposable thumbs which allow them to grasp small things. C) are For Environment Conservation of biodiversity is essential for the existence of healthy environment. Biodiversity is the total variety of the life on the earth. Each Species is a unique part of the natural world and cannot be replaced, if lost. Destruction or alteration of the habitat, pollution and climate changes are the main threats to the biodiversity. Mlegal commercial hunting is also responsible for the loss of various species. We can conserve biodiversity by ind feet are such * protecting the species in their natural habitats. * participating in conservation programmes. You can join any organisation involved in such practices. * by creating awareness through means like street plays, posters and social media networks. * abiding the laws formulated by the government.a vores aejod sam Bu} pue 8) smero dieys pue Suons ‘Buo] yysisoAo diet 4 SOARS 99EIq YIM NE}OD UMOIG-MOIIOA "| Suva alse] ‘sysm)_payjeo yi201 payuiod us Jo Bsuas [Link] “yuna fefeynowes ul ways diay jouls Jo asuas padojanap A papsovas ayy yum ww us un jo pouiad Bud] © 1an0 uayey aoeid eye waned 18H Scanned with CamScanner— el Cordova Smart Cha ma . Ey nis to do these onercives) we pons? pA tee a vicmate’? Malt meant by ‘climate"? ‘place? pat vn qurainalsicharewelladaptedtolein polar rel regions. m » 40 meant by'weather’? Mw ltt ence 5 st pethectements which determine the weather ofaplace, ' ritin which rainfallis measured, a © gre thew Bs HT eannsrument seO™easurersinfal, ect wis "pare crest options: b bard wigtyistremesureof ‘ cayemperoture © Wrpressure ~~ O) (@ moisture CO) (@)wind O ino the otowingdoesnotliveinpolar region? | » : | © (a penevin O polarbear —O) (9 camel O (reindeer O wien oftheFollowinghas along colourful beak 3 , feyacctictern O (b)toucan O penguin CO (@)Siberiancrane OC) | rienofthefolloninganimalshas anopposabl thumb? | © @redevedtrog O Oitiger O (©monkey © (@)toucan oO | [Link] for your choice: | 4, temperature pressure electricity wind speed 3, monkey leopard elephant polarbear 3. polarbear tiger penguin reindeer 4 latitude altitude temperature wind ¢ Filintheblanks: | 4, atoucanhasalong, toreachthe food. gelative humidity ismeasured with thehelp of, . 2 pof________. 3, Polarbearhasathic ayer offatcalled under the skin. ‘4. Penguinshave, body formakingthem good swimmers. b, state whether the following statementsaretrue(T)orfalse(F): 1. Factorssuchas temperature, rainfalland humidity determinethe weather of aplace. 2. Theareaswhichlie closeto the equatorare called tropical regions. CJ 3. Polarbearshaveno sense of smell. Coxdeua Lenvning Series canned with CamScannerfiegPractical skills: AN sascrone gman ee ce monkey isfOUNTO EY ogptatedmacaae | (@) chimpanzee’) (g) pom canstamaasasenscorgantor detec 7A _ = x oO (bp taste ) (c) sight (Oamey nhs body and moves very fast to catehits prey. tis key : bet, Y (b) southpole CO deserts followingisa migratory bird? >) (b) Siberiancrane {norte Owe eae Pleasing \ 4. Whichoneof the (a) penguin v Very Short Answer Questions: ; B. Very’ used tomeasure the! maximumand minimum temperatures durin, % Nameaninstrument Name thepplacesin india where: siberian cranes come every year fora fewmonths, O (c) parrot (born hy andy) Baday, \Whatare big cats? Nameananimalhaving stic ort Answer Type! Questions: What kind of climate doweobservell ky pads onits feet G in (a) the Himalayan region, (b) the Thardesert and (c),y, hay e Whatis migration? Whatismeantby'adaptation”” How doelephantskeep themselves coolinhotand humid climate of the tropical rainforest Why doesatoucenhave along colourfulbeak? * State anadaptationin red-eyed frog whichhelpsit climb on trees on whichitlives. Which of the following normallylivein polarregionsandin tropicalrainforests? (2) penguin(b) sea (c)Siberiancrane(d) Arctictern (e) lion-tailed macaque D. Short Answer Type! Questions: 1. Explain how the following adaptations | help the penguins live. and survive in polar regions :(a)blusy, under the thickskin, (b)streamlinedbody, (c) white-coloured body with black-colouredfeathers. 2. Whatare the various typesofinformation usually carried by the daily weather reportinanewspapen 3, Whatismeantby relative humility? Howls itmeasured? ‘4. Why theregions faraway fromthe equator cooler? 5. Explain why in summer, we feel so miserable in the afternoon and comparatively comfortable inte early morning. E. Long Answer Questions: 4. Discussthe differences between weather and climate. 2. What are tusks? How doesan elephant make use of tusks forits survival? 3. Explainhow does acamelliveandsurviveina desert. “4. Animals living in polar regions adapt themselves to survive and breed in their habitat. (a) List the adaptations in polar bears that help them survive in polar region. (b) What value can we learn from these animals that adapt themselves? ean Cordova earning Soies EEIEED oe we Bie Scanned with CamScannerorder THINKIDE SKills) Questiong, n chan ariryal with in 01 gto fn Wek and SN antes ta pha vefons or deserts? WH? 5 of new cltles and e polar cegiorss ot deserts! fe opment of new clUleS ANd expansion of he existl timate”. 15 the aper2teP correct WhyfWhy not? IN ones may affect the clini enn > gale vhen taken out of waterwh vasedtodescrbesuchabiitesthatalow inane el etn water." Menton 1 gqgr use Ushandizard tosurvive inthelerespective habitats aaapration ada ns Fist fil to pred the weather of a place while its ea “ met gis the average weather pattern tal rca aera mat? ken over a long time whereas er enomenon yeh varies over a short period of time, Thus, itis vere ma anaas Weather is a pheno ne whic! oe » ICs very easy to predict climate In comparison to eather of place y iin the blanks in the paragraph given below, | -F veatherofaplaceisthe day-to-day conditionof the (a) with respectto(b) (Cc), o_— ©) —atthat lace, while cimateis the) weather patterataken over many yen . atmosphere (©) temperature (humidity (4) rainfall eg) wind speed (f) average or more NCERT Exemplar Questions (solved) login to: [Link] inment/Group Activity/Project Assig' jome re weather report ina daily newspaper, : From th "days: i Maximum and minimum temperatures | Maximum and minimum humidity Now do the following : {a} Plot graph showing the changes in the maximum and minimum temperatures during this period. {b) Plot 2 graph showing the changes in the maximum and minimum humidity during this period, 2, Make a project file on animals of the polar regions and find out how each of them has adapted to live insuch a climate. You can take help of internet or an encyclopedia, Field Visit visit any lake or any wetland area or any bird sanctuary in winters. Observe the birds carefully through a gair of binoculars and try to find out their names from your elders. Look for the migratory birds, also find cut their native places and trace their migratory routes on a world map. note the following information dally for 10 consecutive Group Discussion Discuss in the class: ‘Humans are responsible for climate changes’ Crea Laing a Scanned with CamScanner