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Unit Operation: Sedimentation Analysis

The document discusses sedimentation in thickeners. It presents equations that relate the sedimentation velocity, underflow concentration, overflow rate and underflow rate. The key equations show that: 1) The solid input rate is equal to the feed rate times the feed concentration. 2) The overflow rate is equal to the feed rate minus the solid input rate. 3) The minimum thickener area can be calculated based on the maximum sedimentation velocity and solid loading rate. An example calculation is shown to estimate the area required for a separating tank using Stokes' Law, given feed rate, concentrations and globule size.

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عبداللە عمر ابراهیم
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23 views4 pages

Unit Operation: Sedimentation Analysis

The document discusses sedimentation in thickeners. It presents equations that relate the sedimentation velocity, underflow concentration, overflow rate and underflow rate. The key equations show that: 1) The solid input rate is equal to the feed rate times the feed concentration. 2) The overflow rate is equal to the feed rate minus the solid input rate. 3) The minimum thickener area can be calculated based on the maximum sedimentation velocity and solid loading rate. An example calculation is shown to estimate the area required for a separating tank using Stokes' Law, given feed rate, concentrations and globule size.

Uploaded by

عبداللە عمر ابراهیم
Copyright
© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

Unit OperatiOn

feed over flow


Q(m3/s) Q0(m3/s)
C(kg water / kg solid )

Under flow
Cu ( kg water / kg solid )
Ur ( m / s
q = ( Uc + Ur )Ac (1)
Where :
Uc : is the sedimentation velocity at cen. ( C ) in a batch sys.
In the under flow , the corresponding relation is
q = ( Uu + Ur ) A Cu (2)
where :
Cu : is the cen. in the under flow
Uu : is the sedimentation velocity at a cen. Cu in a batch sys.
From eq.(2)

Lecturer . Shymaa Ali Hameed 2013-2014


Unit OperatiOn

= −
(3)
Sub. In eq. (1) :

q = ( Uc + − )Ac

= (4)

If the sedimentation rate in the under flow is small compared


with that in the settling zone ( i.e. Uu<< Uc )

= ( 5)

Thus if suspension of cen. ( C) is fed to the tank at a volumetric


rate Q :

Solid input = Qc = eq. (5)

Thus

=1− (6)

The liq. Flow rate in the overflow Q0 is the difference between


the feed rate to the thickener and the rate at which sitkaves with
under flow
Thus :
°
Q0= Q (1- C ) -Qc ( ) =1−

From eq. ( 6 )

= 1− area of thickener (8)

Lecturer . Shymaa Ali Hameed 2013-2014


Unit OperatiOn
Interns of the mass ratio of liq. To solid in the feed ( Y ) and the
corresponding value ( U ) in the under flow

Y= =

Then

= , =

and

= [1 − ]

( )
=

The value of ( A ) should be calculated for the whole range of


cen.s present in the thickener and the design should then be
based on the max. value so obtained .

EXAMPLE
A continuous separating tank is to be designed to follow after a
water washing plant for liquid oil. Estimate the necessary area
for the tank if the oil, on leaving the washer , is in the form of
globules 5.1×10-5 m diameter , the feed concentration is 4 kg
water to 1 kg oil , and the leaving water is effectively oil free .
The feed rate is 1000 kg/h , the density of the oil is 894 kg/m3
and the temperature of the oil and of the water is 38°C. Assume
Stokes' Law .
Viscosity of water = 0.7×10-3 N s/m2
Density of water = 1000 kg/m3

Lecturer . Shymaa Ali Hameed 2013-2014


Unit OperatiOn
Diameter of globules = 5.1×10-5 m

Vm = (5.1 x 10-5)2×9.81×(1000 - 894)/(18×0.7×10-3)


Vm = 2.15×10-4 m/s = 0.77 m/h
since F = 4 and U = 0,
Q = flow of minor component = 1000/5 = 200 kg/h ;
A = 4×200/(0.77×1000) = 1.0 m2

Lecturer . Shymaa Ali Hameed 2013-2014

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