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Effective Rewards for Down Syndrome Training

A study was conducted to determine the most effective rewards for teaching tasks to patients with down syndrome. Four groups of six patients were given different rewards: Reward 1, 2, 3, or 4. The number of days to learn a task was recorded for each group. An analysis of variance (ANOVA) showed that at least two of the group means were significantly different, as the calculated F value (32.66) exceeded the critical F value (3.10). A post-hoc least significant difference (LSD) test revealed that all group means were significantly different from each other based on the LSD critical value of 2.05. Therefore, the type of reward had an effect on learning time.

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38 views2 pages

Effective Rewards for Down Syndrome Training

A study was conducted to determine the most effective rewards for teaching tasks to patients with down syndrome. Four groups of six patients were given different rewards: Reward 1, 2, 3, or 4. The number of days to learn a task was recorded for each group. An analysis of variance (ANOVA) showed that at least two of the group means were significantly different, as the calculated F value (32.66) exceeded the critical F value (3.10). A post-hoc least significant difference (LSD) test revealed that all group means were significantly different from each other based on the LSD critical value of 2.05. Therefore, the type of reward had an effect on learning time.

Uploaded by

Summer Love
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

As a psychologist who works with people who have down syndrome, you design a study intended to determine which

rewards are most effective for


use in training your patients. You select four different, independent, groups of six patients and record the number of days it takes to teach them a
particular task, with each group receiving one of four types of rewards: Reward 1, Reward 2, Reward 3, and Reward 4. The number of days is given
in the following table.
Reward 1 Reward 2 Reward 3 Reward 4
3 6 9 12
5 7 10 13
6 9 15 15
2 7 12 18
1 11 11 15
2 6 10 13
Total: 19 46 67 86
Mean: 3.17 7.67 11.17 14.33
Use the data above to conduct a least significant difference.

1.) What is the null hypothesis?


H 0 :μ 1=μ2=μ3 =μ4
2.) What is the alternative hypothesis?
H 1 : At least two of the means are not equal .
3.) What is the test statistic to be used?
s 12
f=
s 22
4.) What is the appropriate critical region?
f >f (a , v , v ) v1 =k−1 v 2=k ( n−1 )
1 2

f >f (0.05 ,3 ,20) ¿ 4−1 ¿ 4 ( 6−1 )


f >3.10 v1 =3 v 2=20
5.) What is the actual value of the statistic?
T ..2
2 1 2 T ..2 SSE=SST −SSC
SST =ΣΣ x ij − SSC= ΣTi −
nk n nk ¿ 497.83−413.5
1 47524 SSE=84.33
47524 ¿ ( 14362 )−
¿ 2478− 6 6 (4 )
S of V6( 4) df SS MS Computed f
Column Means 3 413.5 137.83 32.66
Error 20 84.33 4.22
Total 23 497.83
6.) What is the statistical decision?
f >3.10
32.66>3.10
True, reject H 0
7.) What is the statistical conclusion?
Therefore, atleast two of the means are not equal.

Least Significant Difference


Absolute Mean
x́ 1=3.17 Groups LSD Conclusion
LSD=t ( α , v ) ( sd́ )
2
Difference
1,2 4.5 SD
¿ t (0.05 ,20 ) ( 1.19 )
x́ 2=7.67
¿ t (1.725) (1.19 ) 1,3 8 SD
x́ 3=11.17
x́ 4 =14.33 1,4 11.16 SD
2.05
2,3 3.5 SD
2 s2
sd́ =
√ n
2,4

3,4
6.66

3.16
SD

SD
2 ( 4.22 )
¿
√
sd́ =1.19
6

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