1.
The Andes, Andes Mountains or Andean Mountains (Spanish: Cordillera de los Andes)
are the longest continental mountain range in the world, forming a continuous highland along
the western edge of South America. The range is 7,000 km (4,300 mi) long, 200 to 700 km
(120 to 430 mi) wide (widest between 18° south and 20° south latitude), and has an average
height of about 4,000 m (13,000 ft). The Andes extend from north to south through seven
South American countries: Venezuela, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia, Chile,
and Argentina.
2. The Inca were a South American people who controlled a
large empire that stretched along the Pacific coast from Ecuador to
northern Chile. The Inca dynasty was founded at about 1200 A.D. and
lasted until the end of the 16th century, when the
Spanish conquerors came to South America.
The capital city of the Incan empire was Cuzco, which was located in
the Andes Mountains in today’s Peru. What is left of the Inca civilization
is scattered over the highlands of the Andes. The descendants of the
Inca are mostly peasants who make up about half of Peru’s population.
The emperor was called “The Inca” or “Sapa Inca”. He ate from gold
dishes and never wore the same clothes twice
3. South America has wide plains that offer rich soil for growing crops and grasses for
grazing livestock.
Colombia and Venezuela contain vast plains called llanos, which are grassy, treeless
areas used for livestock gorazing and farming. They are similar to the Great Plains in
the United States and the pampas of Argentina.
4. a. Rio Grande: many will know this river because it is the border between Mexico and the
United States. The river separates the two nations and hundreds of migrants cross it annually
to reach the American giant. Rio Bravo del Norte, as it is also known, has a length of 3034
km, is born in the mountains of San Juan de Colorado, and empties into the Gulf of Mexico.
b. Amazon River: located in the lung of the world, this river is the largest in the planet. It
has 219,000 cubic meters of water per second. Aquae Foundation states that the Amazon
River carries one fifth of the world's river water and has more than 1000 tributary rivers.
c. Magdalena River: considered the main fluvial route of Colombia, the river rises in the
lagoon of Magdalena in Páramo de las Papas and flows into the Caribbean Sea. It crosses
several departments of the coffee nation from Honda to Barranquilla.
c. Paraguay River: with a length of 2625 km, this river is one of the 40 longest on the
planet. Aquae Foundation explains that its basin is one of the 20 largest in the world and has
an area of 1 168 540 km. It is born in Brazil and ends in the Cerrito Island of Argentina. The
Paraguay River is one of the most important rivers in the La Plata Basin.
d. Orinoco River: It is the third largest river on Earth, after the Amazon and the Congo
River. According to Aquae Foundation, it is one of the most important water bodies in South
America and it runs mainly through Venezuela and crosses part of Colombia. It has an
average flow of 33,000 cubic meters per second and has an area of 2800 km.
5. The Isthmus of Panama (Spanish: Istmo de Panamá), also historically known as
the Isthmus of Darien (Istmo de Darién), is the narrow strip of land that lies between
the Caribbean Sea and the Pacific Ocean, linking North and South America. It contains the
country of Panama and the Panama Canal. Like many isthmuses, it is a location of great
strategic value.
6. Earthquakes, volcanos, tsunamis.
7. Production of precious metals, sugar, rubber, grains, coffee, copper, and oil have at
various periods of history made countries in Latin America—and their colonial powers—
some of themost prosperous in the world.
Minerals- Gold, silver, iron, copper, bauxite (aluminum ore), tin, lead, and nickel—all these
minerals are abundant in Latin America. In addition, mines throughout the region produce
precious gems, titanium, and tungsten. In fact, South America is among the world's leaders
in the mining of raw materials.
Many of these minerals are mined and then exported to other parts of the world, where
they are made into valuable goods. For example, Jamaica was originally a plantation
economy that depended on the sale of bananas and sugar for its livelihood. Then it turned
to the mining and processing of bauxite (aluminum ore) in an attempt to make the country
less dependent on agriculture and tourism. Today, this resource is mainly an export that is
shipped elsewhere for industrial use.
Energy- Oil, coal, natural gas, uranium, and hydroelectric power are all plentiful in Latin
America. Venezuela and Mexico have major oil reserves. Brazil is rich in hydroelectric power
because of its many rivers (including the mighty Amazon) and waterfalls. It is also rich in oil
and gas.
Trinidad has discovered vast reserves of natural gas. New factories have turned Trinidad
into a major exporter of methanol and ammonia. Natural gas has also attracted developers
to the island.
In Mexico and Venezuela, oil has been a very important resource. Venezuela sits on top of
major oil deposits. This resource was developed into a significant oil industry. Mexico has
huge oilfields centered along the Gulf coast. Because of its reserves, Mexico is able to
export oil to other countries. However, changes in the global price of oil have had a great
impact on the economies of these countries.
8. Tropical grasslands, savannas, and shrublands are spread over a large area of
the tropics with a vegetation made up mainly of low shrubs and grasses, often
including sclerophyll species. ... Tree species such as Acacia and baobab may be
present in these ecosystems depending on the region.
9. Deforestation is the permanent removal of trees to make room for something
besides forest. This can include clearing the land for agriculture or grazing, or
using the timber for fuel, construction or manufacturing.
10. Aztecs, the maya, inca etc.
11. Spain, France, Portugal, Britain
12. Similarities: same seas, same hemisphere, same languages, independent, farming
Differences: continent-a bunch of islands, different foods- clothes- festivals.
Religion: roman chatolic: Paraguay, colombia, Christian: Bolivia, Paraguay, Peru,
Atheist: uruguai-41 chile 25
Ethnic distribution in South America [11] [12]
Whit Blac Asia
Amerindi e Mestiz Mulat k Zamb n Oth
Country
ans peop os os peop os peop er
le le le
Venez 2.7% 42.7% 49.7% 7.7% 2.0% 0.0% 0.8% 0.0%
Ethnic distribution in South America [11] [12]
Whit Blac Asia
Amerindi e Mestiz Mulat k Zamb n Oth
Country
ans peop os os peop os peop er
le le le
uela
Urugua
0.0% 88.0% 8.0% 4.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0%
y
Surina
3.8% 1.0% 0.0% 15.7% 21.7% 0.0% 42.6% 13.4%
me
Peru 34.0% 23.0% 38.0% 2.0% 0.0% 0.0% 3.0% 0.0%
Paragu
3.0% 20.0% 75.0% 3.5% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0%
ay
Guyan
10.5% 0.5% 0.0% 0.0% 29.3% 0.0% 39.8% 19.9%
a
Ecuad
39.0% 9.9% 41.0% 5.0% 5.0% 0.0% 0.1% 0.0%
or
Colom
1.8% 37.0% 49.0% 8.2% 2.3% 0.1% 0.0% 0.0%
bia
Chile 3.2% 52.7% 44.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0%
Brazil 0.4% 47.7% 22.9% 20.1% 7.6% 0.0% 1.1% 0.0%
Ethnic distribution in South America [11] [12]
Whit Blac Asia
Amerindi e Mestiz Mulat k Zamb n Oth
Country
ans peop os os peop os peop er
le le le
Bolivia 55.0% 12.0% 30.0% 2.4% 0.1% 0.5% 0.0% 0.0%
Argenti
1.0% 85.0% 14.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0%
na
Religion in South America
No
religion
Roman Other
Christian (atheists
Countries Catholic Christian
s and
s s
agnostics
)
Argentina 88 % 77 % 11 % 11 %
Bolivia 96 % 74 % 22 % 4 %
Brazil 86 % 64 % 22 % 9 %
Chile 70 % 57 % 13 % 25 %
Colombia 92 % 80 % 12 % 7 %
Paraguay 95 % 85 % 10 % 2 %
Religion in South America
No
religion
Roman Other
Christian (atheists
Countries Catholic Christian
s and
s s
agnostics
)
Peru 94 % 81 % 13 % 3 %
Suriname 51 % 29 % 22 % 5 %
Uruguay 58 % 47 % 11 % 41 %
Venezuel
88 % 71 % 17 % 8 %
a
13. term historically used in Spain and Hispanic America that originally referred to a person of
combined European and Indigenous American descent, regardless of where the person was
born.
14. The Panama Canal (Spanish: Canal de Panamá) is an artificial 82 km (51 mi) waterway
in Panama that connects the Atlantic Ocean with the Pacific Ocean. The original locks are
32.5 m (110 ft) wide. August 15, 1914
15. Amazon river Stretching somewhere between 6,400 and 6,992 kilometres,
16. Aconcadua- 6960 km
17. Brazil 8 million sq. km 212 million people.
18.