(eden PAPER PAPER 3. Ustening 4 Speaking > Read through the text first for ‘general understanding. > Remember that the gapped word or words will often be ‘Bart of a collocation or a fixed phrase, > Check the words on each side cf the gap carefully. Often, ‘the options hava very similar ‘meanings but only one is. ‘eorreet because of a word (e.g. a particular verb! before 3p or another word (e.g. {8 preposition) after it > Remember to read the whole text through again when you hhave completed the task to check whathar it makes sense, Question 1: Which verb often (2005 with itto mean ‘be successful’? Question 3: The idiom to go to any .. to do someting means to make a big effort to achieve something, including taking ‘extreme of unusual steps. Which ‘word completes the idiom? ‘Question 5: All four words can ‘form phrases with in. However, ‘three of them express the idea of ‘2 serios of things, but only one ‘expresees the idea of the result, of a series of things. The result here is boosted sales. Question 7: We often use one of these adjctives to describe something abstract lik an aim fF an idea which is cifficul to define or achieve. This is tho meaning here. The other words ‘re used to describe places that ‘are hard to reach or things that ‘re hard to see, rae) For questions 1-8, read the text below and decide which answer (A, B, C or D) best fits each gap. There is an example at the beginning (0) Mark your answers on the separate answer sheet. Example: 0 A presents B appears springs D_ lands oj} a D Word-of-mouth success - what publishers dream of ‘Word of mouth’, a phrase that first (0) ....... in Shakespeare's play Twelfth Night, is the kind of publicity all publishers want for their books. Positive reviews are useful, it but it's only when lots of people start talking about a book that it really (1) .. sales-wise. Word of mouth is what (2) ....... behind the initial success of JK Rowling's Harry Potter books, for example. ‘Some publishers will go to any (3) ......to stimulate the phenomenon. Years ago, one. company paid its own staff to reed books published by the company whenever they travelled on public transport. The thinking was that the bright yellow covers would (4) .....0 and become the subject of casual conversations among passengers, which would in (5) ....... boost sales. With the (6) ....... of social networking, creating word of mouth has almost become ‘a science. However, despite Twitter, Facebook and the rest, publishers still find it as difficult as ever to generate that (7)....... thing, a viral conversation about a new book that persuades lots of people to buy it It still seems to be unclear what the (8) . to achieving word of mouth is. 1A pushes B hits © makes D gets 2 A formed B ran C rested D lay 3 A lengths B extents € terms D measures 4A show off B stick up © stand out D shine on 5 A order B tum € line D sequence 6 A advent B entrance © outset D opening 7 A remote B isolated © hidden D elusive 8 A root B key € base D guide ced Test 2+) PAPER 1 Reading and Use of English +> Part 1PAPER 2 Writing PAPER 3 Listening PAPER 4 Speaking general meaning. » Remember that the gapped words will be structural oe ee ee me eee Pte aon mens > Remember that there could be more ther one correct answer. But you should write one ‘word only in the gap. “Question 8: From the whole text, ‘we loam that our knowledge of Seep-sea corals is sil limi ‘bet scientists are trying to find ‘eat more about them. Can you “Sink of a two-word phrase as. ‘which moans ‘s0 far’ or ‘up to “is point in time’? Question 11; Gaps at the inning of sentences can often ‘ook dificult to fil. The best ‘ach is to look carefully at previous sentence or the: ‘sentence that follows the Or both, In this case, look -Esrefully at what comes after it “The text talls us that previously ‘Feien could only study the corals, Sng robotic submarines, but ‘she is able to dive in the n fords. Which word can ‘with recantiy 10 give the idea SF previously’? tion 13: This is an example ‘es longer, parallel structure: ion... but. tion 16: Can you think of common structural word to jlete an expression that ‘=eens ‘almost impossible’? For questions 9-16, read the text below and think of the word which best fits each gap. Use only one word in each gap. There is an example at the Beginning (0). Write your answers IN CAPITAL LETTERS on the separate answer sheet Example: | 0 |/1 [| ] Ice water diver Rhian Waller is a marine biologist with a special interest (0) She admits that, a5 (9)... hard to reach, 1000 metres below the ocean's surface. However, (10) .. deep-sea corals. le is known about these corals because they are very . is known is that they are being damaged by fishing nets, and research is needed to suppor conservation work. (11) ...... recently, Rhian had only been able to study the corals through film sent from robotic submarines, but then some were discovered in Alaskan fjords that were shallow (12) faced Rhian initially: (13) only was the water in the fjords scarcely above freezing, but she had never actually dived before. to dive in. This was a wonderful opportunity, but two problems She describes the experience as ‘intense’. Within five minutes (14) ...... being in the water, her head and hands were completely numb, and she often had (15) oor visibility she couldn't even see her own elbow. Despite the extreme conditions, however, Rhian’s team were able to gather data on the corals of a kind that is (16) . but impossible in the deep ocean. Cambridge English: Advanced Test 2 >> PAPER 1 Reading and Use of Englisn >> Part2 33;eens eee writing Ustening Speaking Essential tips > Read through the text for ‘general understanding, > Remember to think about the ‘ype of word that should go each gap — a verb, noun, adjective or adverb? > Remember that some words «will naed more than one ‘change ~ a prefix and a suffix > Ifthe word needed is a noun, ‘check whether it should be singular or plural. > When you've finished the ‘task, read through it again and ‘check that it all makes sence. ‘Question 17: A noun is needed hove. Be careful with the spelling. ‘Question 18: Ifthe gap is the first word in a sentence and it is followed by a comma, what type ‘of word is it likely to be? ‘Question 19: Facial is an adjective, so the gapped word hete will be @ noun, Should it be singular or plural? ‘Question 20: The word needed hate is a noun. But does it refar 10 people or a more abstract, ides? Read the whole parsgraph before deciding. For questions 17-24, read the text below. Use the word given in capitals at the end of some of the lines to form a word that fits in the gap in the same line. There is an example at the beginning (0). ‘Write your answers IN CAPITAL LETTERS on the separate answer sheet. PIR[E[S[I[OJEIN TI Aye] | | Oo Leaders with long faces In most (0) the taller of the two candidates won. This association of elections in the USA in the twentieth century, a7 accepted. (18) with success is something that has been widely some recent research suggests that people's confidence in a potential leader can also be influenced by how long that person's face is. According to Daniel Re, one of the main researchers, our natural (9)... that suggest tallness, as long faces attraction to fa do, is thought to have evolved long ego when the (20)... of ‘a. community depended on choosing the right leader. ‘Especially when we're faced with a (21) ...... situation, we seem to prefer the most dominant-looking people for leadership,’ he says. In the study, (22)... ‘computer screen in order to make them look like people they would want as national leaders. A significant number chose to (23) times. were asked to manipulate faces on a . the faces, particularly for male leaders in difficult ‘As Dr Re noted, the implication is that ‘leadership choices are affected by physical features that are (24) ....... to political 34 cambriage English: Advanced! Test 2 >> PAPER 1 Reading and Use of English > Part 3 PRESIDENT HIGH INTEREST CHARACTER SURVIVE ‘THREAT VOLUNTARY LONG RELEVANTCees = esedewe Writing, Ustening Speaking Ace must have the same esning as the first. ber that you must not ge the key word in any ‘can use contrections, e.g. wouldn't, but remember they count as two words. ‘sure you count the ‘of words you write in ‘gap carefully. you have completed fon, read through jn and check that the ing is the same and the is correct. 25: The first contonce ‘the past simple. is the ‘sentence algo past ‘What structure is needed tence? 26: Bo careful with tho. 0, you need to change: Koodo a noun. 27: Which phrase with stand means ‘no way" ibility’? 28: You need a cture to introduce here. Also, ‘his context needs a Camibricige English: Aclvanced Test 2 > PAPER 1 Reading and Use of English > Part 4 For questions 25-30, complete the second sentence so that it has a similar meaning to the first sentence, using the word given. Do not change the word given. You must use between three and six words, including the word given. Here is an example (0). Example: 0 Chloe would only eat a pizza if she could have a mushroom topping. ON Chloe ‘a mushroom topping when she had a pizza. The gap can be filled with the words ‘insisted on having’, so you write: Example: 0 |[NSISTED ON HAVING Write only the missing words IN CAPITAL LETTERS on the separate answer sheet. 25 only watched that film because you recommended it to me. NEVER Iwould - you hadn't recommended it to me. 26 It seems as if we misunderstood what the aims of the course were. BEEN There seems what the aims of the course 27 The traffic was so bad that there was obviously no way we would get to the theatre on time, so we went home, ‘STAND ‘The traffic was so bad that we obviously didn’t .. to the theatre on time, so we went home. 28 Michelle's brother talks a lot more than she does. NOWHERE Micheli . her brother. 29 There's a rumour that Jordi Marse, the Barcelona manager, has resigned this morning. HANDED. Jordi Marse, the Barcelona manager, his ination this morning, 30 I'm sure people will object to the idea of building a new runway at the city airport. BOUND There ens the idea of building 2 new runway at the city airport. 35)ine 37 See ee You are going to read newspaper article. For questions 31-36, choose the answer PAPER 2 Writing (A,B, C or D) which you think fits best according to the text. PAPER 3 Lis Mark your answers on the separate answer sheet. PAPER 4 Cycling Keen cyclist Simon Usborne looks at some research on cycling. You need only look at a professional cyclist to appreciate the potential effects of cycling on the body. But what about the mind? It’s a question that has long challenged psychologists, neurologists and anyone who has wondered how, sometimes, riding 2 bike can induce what feels close to a state of meditation. I'm usually incapable of emptying my mind but there have been occasions on my bike when | realise | have no recollection of the preceding kilometres. Whether riding along country lanes in spring, or doing city commutes, time can pass unnoticed in a blissful blur of rhythm and rolling, and I’m not alone in feeling this. But what do we really know about how cycling affects us? Danish scientists who set out to measure the benefits of breakfast and lunch for academic achievement among children found diet helped, but that the way pupils travelled to schoo! was far more significant. Those who cycled or walked did better than those who travelled by car or public transport. Another study by the University of California showed that old people who were most active, including those who cycled, had five per cent more grey matter than those who were least active. But what is it about cycling that makes us believe it has a special effect? Psychiatrist John Ratey thinks cycling increases ‘the chemistry in your brain that makes you feel calm,’ but also that carrying out multiple operations, like negotiating a junction or jostling for space in a race, can be an effective therapy. He is currently leading a study in which more than 20 pupils with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), a condition affecting the ability to apply one’s mind to something, are expected to show improved symptoms after a course of cycling. The link between cycling and ADHD is well-established. It's ‘like taking a little bit of Ritalin,’ Dr Ratey says, Ritalin being a stimulant commonly used to treat ADHD. Exercise can achieve the same effect as prescribed medicine, but not all exercise is equal, as shown in a German study involving 115 students, half of whom did activities such as cycling that involved complex coordinated movements, while the rest performed more straightforward exercises with the same aerobic demands. Both groups did better than they previously had in concentration tests, but the ‘complex’ group did a lot better. There have been other interesting findings too. In 2003, neuroscientist Dr Jay Alberts rode a tandem bicycle across the American state of Ohio with a friend who has Parkinson's disease (a condition affecting the nervous system). The idea was to raise awareness of the disease, but to the surprise of both riders, the patient showed significant improvements. Dr Alberts then scanned the brains of 26 Parkinson's patients during and after an -week exercise programme using stationary bikes. Half the patients were allowed to ride at their own pace, the others were pushed incrementally harder, just as the scientist's tandem companion had been. All patients improved, and the ‘tandem’ group showed particularly significant increases in connectivity between areas of grey matter responsible for functions such as walking and picking things up. Cycling, and cycling harder, was helping to heal their brains. We don't know how this happens, but there is more startling evidence of the link between Parkinson’s and cycling. A video on the internet features a 58-year-old Dutchman with severe Parkinson's. At first, we watch the Patient trying to walk along a hospital ward. He can barely stand and his hands shake uncontrollably. Cut to the car park, where we find the man on a bicycle being supported by staff. With a push, he's off, cycling past, ars with perfect balance and coordination. After a loop, he comes to a stop and hops to the ground, where he is immediately immobile again, Doctors don’t fully understand this discrepancy either, but say the bicycle's rotating pedals may act as some sort of visual cue that aided the patient's brain, The science of cycling is evidently incomplete, but perhaps the most remarkable thing about it for the everyday rider, its effects on hyperactive children notwithstanding, is that it can require no conscious focus at all. The apparent mindlessness of pedalling can not only make us happier, but also leave room for other thoughts. On the seat of my bike, I've solved problems at work, made life decisions and reflected usefully on emotional troubles, as, I'm sure, have countless others. 36 Cambridge Enolish: Advanced Test 2>> PAPER 1 Reading and Use of English >> Part 5See ES a a cee ener CEs You are going to read four comments in a debate about 2008. For questions 37-40, Uapees choose from the comments A-D. The comments may be chosen more than once. PAPER 3 Listening Mark your answers on the separate answer sheet, PAPER 4 Speaking Zoos Zoos are notable tourist attractions as well as being centres of research and conservation. However, there is a long-running debate about whether it is right to keep wild animals in captivity, particularly in urban locations. Here are four contributions to a recent online discussion about the subject. A With the destruction of natural habitats in so many parts of the world, zoos play an increasingly important role in conservation. Without their intervention, many more of the world’s surviving species would become extinct. Zoos are able to intervene because of their expertise, which is developed through long-term, sustained studies at the z00s themselves, but also in support of field work in the wild. One advantage of having this scientific work done in z00s is that it becomes more easily accessible to the wider public. Zoos are great vehicles for informing people of all ages, though particularly younger ones, in a direct and memorable way, about the proper treatment, of animals, and how crucial they are to the world's different ecosystems. This has not always been the case, but modern 200s look after animals well and, as such, present a valuable model to the wider population. There have been many bad zoos in the past, but zoo animals today are well-fed and cared for in spacious surroundings. Zoologists and animal psychologists are brought in to design species-appropriate enclosures and activities. Studies of animals in 200s provide information that would be very hard to obtain in the wild. A study of gorillas at zoos in the UK and the USA, for example, discovered that happiness can increase the primates’ lives by up to 11 years, and findings of this kind are useful for zoologists in both z00s and the wild. Sadly, zoos’ efforts to breed animals that are close to extinction have mostly failed. The issue here is that the odds against reviving a species from a tiny captive community are very high. But generally, as institutions of scientific endeavour, zoos are crucial in the wider dissemination of knowledge, skills and values with regard to wildlife. c Care of wild animals in captivity tends to be much more humane than it was in the past, but the fact is that zoos are for commerce and entertainment. Most visitors go to zoos to be diverted by weird and wonderful creatures rather than to learn. One zoo study found that visitors spent less than eight seconds per snake and one minute per lion. What could possibly be learned from that? It is also widely acknowledged that, despite the best intentions of scientists, most z00-based attempts to breed species in order to stave off extinction have been strikingly unsuccessful. Captive breeding programmes will only ever work in large nature reserves. Moreover, claims that zoos are ideal locations for studying animal behaviour conveniently ignore the point that environments affect behaviour, and so studies of animals in zoos may only tell us about captive populations and provide little data about animals in their natural habitats. D However well intentioned zo0-keepers may be, zoos can never replicate the natural habitats of most wild animals. As a result, z00 animals are psychologically affected and often display abnormal, even self-destructive, behaviour. Attempts to use zoos for breeding threatened species are also well intentioned, but, with rare exceptions, they fail to bear fruit. The key factor again is probably that zoos are nothing like nature, and wild animals simply do not breed well in confinement. The notion that zoos can be places of learning, enlightening the population about wildlife, is also well meant, but how much can visitors really discover about wild animals from seeing them in cages and small enclosures? The only way to understand an animal properly is to see it in its natural environment, and, if that is not possible, then film and books will give a more accurate picture than the artificial and misleading context of a z00. 38 Cambridge English: Aa need Test 2>> PAPER 1 Reading and Use of English >> Part 6