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Laplace Transform in Control Systems

1) The document provides an overview of the ME451 control systems course, including modeling systems using Laplace transforms, analysis of time and frequency response, and design of controllers using root locus and PID methods. 2) It reviews using the Laplace transform to solve ordinary differential equations by transforming them into algebraic equations in the s-domain. 3) An example is worked through to find the time response of a mechanical accelerometer modeled as a spring-mass-damper system using Laplace transforms.

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Vu Nghia
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18 views4 pages

Laplace Transform in Control Systems

1) The document provides an overview of the ME451 control systems course, including modeling systems using Laplace transforms, analysis of time and frequency response, and design of controllers using root locus and PID methods. 2) It reviews using the Laplace transform to solve ordinary differential equations by transforming them into algebraic equations in the s-domain. 3) An example is worked through to find the time response of a mechanical accelerometer modeled as a spring-mass-damper system using Laplace transforms.

Uploaded by

Vu Nghia
Copyright
© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

Course roadmap

ME451: Control Systems Modeling Analysis Design

Laplace transform Time response


Design specs
Transfer function • Transient
Lecture 3 • Steady state
Root locus
Solution to ODEs via Laplace transform Models for systems
• electrical Frequency response
Frequency domain
• mechanical • Bode plot
• electromechanical
PID & Lead-
Lead-lag
Stability
Dr. Jongeun Choi Block diagrams • Routh-
Routh-Hurwitz
Design examples
Department of Mechanical Engineering Linearization • Nyquist

Michigan State University

(Matlab simulations &) laboratories


1 2

Laplace transform (review) An advantage of Laplace transform


ƒ One of most important math tools in the course! ƒ We can transform an ordinary differential
ƒ Definition: For a function f(t) (f(t)=0 for t<0), equation (ODE) into an algebraic equation (AE).
t-domain s-domain

(s: complex variable) ODE AE


1
f(t) 2

t
F(s)
0 Partial fraction
Solution to ODE expansion
ƒ We denote Laplace transform of f(t) by F(s). 3

3 4
Example 1 Properties of Laplace transform
Differentiation (review)
ODE with initial conditions (ICs)

1. Laplace transform t-domain

s-domain
5 6

Example 1 (cont’d) Example 1 (cont’d)


unknowns
2. Partial fraction expansion 3. Inverse Laplace transform

Multiply both sides by s & let s go to zero:

Similarly, If we are interested in only the final value of y(t),


y(t), apply
Final Value Theorem:

7 8
Example 2

ƒ S1
In this way, we can find a rather
complicated solution to ODEs easily by
ƒ S2 using Laplace transform table!

ƒ S3
9 10

Example: Newton’s law EX. Air bag and accelerometer


ƒ Tiny MEMS accelerometer
M
ƒ Microelectromechanical systems (MEMS)

We want to know the trajectory of x(t).


x(t). By Laplace transform,

(Total response) = (Forced response) + (Initial condition response)

11 (Pictures from various websites) 12


Ex: Mechanical accelerometer Ex: Mechanical accelerometer (cont’d)
ƒ We would like to know how y(t) moves when unit
step f(t) is applied with zero ICs.
ƒ By Newton’s law

13 14

Ex: Mechanical accelerometer (cont’d) Summary & Exercises


ƒ Suppose that b/M=3, k/M=2 and Ms=1. ƒ Solution procedure to ODEs
ƒ Partial fraction expansion 1. Laplace transform
2. Partial fraction expansion
3. Inverse Laplace transform

ƒ Inverse Laplace transform


0
ƒ Next, modeling of physical systems using
-0.1 Laplace transform
ƒ Exercises
Amplitude

-0.2

ƒ Derive the solution to the accelerometer problem.


-0.3
ƒ E2.4 of the textbook in page 135.
-0.4

-0.5
0 2 4 6 8 10
Time [sec]
15 16

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