Tutorial 4 Vertex Variation
• Constant seeder / slope properties
• Edit Slope Coordinates
• X,Y vertex variation
RocFall v.6.0 Tutorial Manual Tutorial 4: Vertex Variation
Introduction
In Rocfall, standard deviations can be applied directly to the coordinates of slope vertices, in
the Edit Boundary Coordinates dialog. This allows you to account for uncertainty in
measurements, or to simulate a pseudo 3‐D rockfall analysis (i.e. to simulate minor
variations in a slope profile).
The finished product of this tutorial can be found in the file Tutorial 04 Vertex
Variation.fal6 in the tutorial installation directory.
Model
From the RocFall main menu select File > Recent Folders > Tutorials Folder and open the
Tutorial 04 initial.fal6 file. You should see the following model.
All slope and rock properties have already been defined, with the exception of the vertex
variation. NOTE:
The rigid body rock shape is a 1000 kg sphere
Number of rocks = 50
The vertex variation has not been defined.
Let’s first review the properties of this model.
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RocFall v.6.0 Tutorial Manual Tutorial 4: Vertex Variation
Seeder Properties
Right click the mouse on the existing point seeder (the blue cross at the top of the slope),
and select Seeder Properties from the popup menu. Note:
The Number of Rocks = 50.
The initial horizontal velocity = 3.5 m/s and no statistical distribution has been
defined for the initial velocity, so all rocks will follow the same initial path.
Select Cancel in the Seeder Properties dialog.
Slope Material Properties
Select Slope Material Library from the toolbar or the Slope menu. Note:
A single material named No Deviation has been defined.
The Distribution of all parameters is set to None.
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RocFall v.6.0 Tutorial Manual Tutorial 4: Vertex Variation
Results
Select Results mode and select Animate Paths, and you should see only a single rock path
travel down the slope.
Even though the number of rocks = 50, since there is no statistical variation in rock (seeder)
initial conditions or slope material properties (statistical distribution = None, standard
deviation = 0), all 50 rocks have the same path.
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RocFall v.6.0 Tutorial Manual Tutorial 4: Vertex Variation
Model (Vertex Variation)
Now we will demonstrate how to apply geometric variability to the slope coordinates by
applying standard deviations to the slope vertices.
Select Design mode.
1. Select Slope > Edit Coordinates, or right‐click on the slope and select Edit Slope
Coordinates.
2. Select Slope Editor from the Slope menu.
3. For Vertex 3 (mean coordinates = 6.7, –12.2) enter an X standard deviation = 0.05
and a Y standard deviation = 0.10 as shown below.
4. Select OK.
To keep things simple, we have only added standard deviation to a single vertex. This will
make it easier to illustrate the effect of vertex variation in RocFall.
Results
Select Results mode.
Your screen should look similar to the following.
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RocFall v.6.0 Tutorial Manual Tutorial 4: Vertex Variation
As you can see, all rocks follow the same initial trajectory, since there is zero variation in the
seeder initial conditions. However, when they reach the second segment of the slope, many
diverging paths are created, due to the variation we applied to vertex 3.
Let’s zoom in again to see what is going on. Use Zoom In (you may also find Zoom Mouse
and Pan useful) to zoom in to the first bounce location to the left of vertex 3, until your
screen looks similar to the following.
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RocFall v.6.0 Tutorial Manual Tutorial 4: Vertex Variation
This illustrates how the rocks can now bounce off of slope segments above and below the
mean slope segment orientation. The rock paths indicate the range of actual slope
segments generated by the statistical variation we applied to vertex 3. Effectively, a new
slope is generated before each rock is thrown.
Animate Paths
Select the Animate Paths option, and zoom in if necessary.
In the Animate dialog, click through each rock path using the forward arrow beside the rock
id number. Notice that each time you view a new rock path, you can see the actual slope
boundary segments generated for each rock throw.
For each rock throw, the coordinates of vertex 3 are randomly generated according to the X
and Y standard deviation you have entered. This results in the changing position of both
boundary segments connected to vertex 3.
Sensitivity Analysis
When using vertex variation in Rocfall, you may find it useful to change the standard
deviation of only one vertex at a time (leaving all other vertices with a standard deviation of
0). This will allow you to determine the sensitivity of the simulation to the location of that
particular vertex. If you change the standard deviation of many vertices at once it may be
difficult to determine which vertex has the most effect on the results and which have very
little effect.
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RocFall v.6.0 Tutorial Manual Tutorial 4: Vertex Variation
Summary
This simple example shows how to model geometric variability of your slope coordinates
using the vertex variation method. You can apply vertex variation to any or all vertices in a
RocFall analysis, in the Edit Boundary Coordinates dialog. In conjunction with statistical
variation of other model parameters (rocks, initial conditions, material properties) you can
simultaneously apply variability to any combination of rock fall input parameters.
For other methods of modeling slope geometry variability, see Tutorial 05 (Slope
Roughness) and Tutorial 06 (Crest Loss).
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