Chapter 5

Fuzzy Number

1
 Concept of Fuzzy Number

!   Interval
n  interval A = [a1, a3] a1, a3 ∈ ℜ , a1 < a3

n  Expressing the interval as membership function

µA(x)
⎧0, x < a1 1
⎪
µ A ( x) = ⎨1, a1 ≤ x ≤ a3
⎪0, x > a3
⎩
a1 a3 x

2
 Fuzzy Number

!   Definition(Fuzzy number)
n  convex fuzzy set
n  normalized fuzzy set
n  it’s membership function is piecewise continuo
us
n  It is defined in the real number

!  α-cut interval of fuzzy number

Aα = [a1(α), a3(α)]
(αʹ < α) ⇒ (a1(αʹ) ≤ a1(α), a3(αʹ) ≥ a3(α))

3
 Fuzzy Number

µA(x)
µA(x) 1
α
1 A
αʹ

x
a1(0) a1(αʹ) a1(α) a3(α) a3(αʹ) a3(0)

Aα = [a1(α), a3(α)]

a1 a2 a3 x Aαʹ = [a1(αʹ), a3(αʹ)]

Fuzzy Number A = [a1, a2, a3] α-cut of fuzzy number (α’ < α) ⇒ (Aα ⊂ Aαʹ)

4
 Operation of Interval

∀a1, a3, b1, b3 ∈ ℜ, A = [a1, a3], B = [b1, b3]

n  Addition
[a1, a3] (+) [b1, b3] = [a1 + b1, a3 + b3]
n  Subtraction

[a1, a3] (–) [b1, b3] = [a1 – b3, a3 – b1]

n  Multiplication

[a1, a3] (•) [b1, b3]

= [a1 • b1 ∧ a1 • b3 ∧ a3 • b1 ∧ a3 • b3 ,
a1 • b1 ∨ a1 • b3 ∨ a3 • b1 ∨ a3 • b3]

5
 Operation of Interval

n  Division
[a1, a3] (/) [b1, b3]
= [a1 / b1 ∧ a1 / b3 ∧ a3 / b1 ∧ a3 / b3 ,
a1 / b1 ∨ a1 / b3 ∨ a3 / b1 ∨ a3 / b3]
excluding the case b1 = 0 or b3 = 0

n  Inverse interval
[a1, a3]–1 = [1 / a1 ∧ 1 / a3, 1 / a1 ∨ 1 / a3]
excluding the case a1 = 0 or a3 = 0

6
 Operation of Interval

!   Example
n  A = [3, 5], B = [–2, 7]
A(+) B = [3 − 2, 5 + 7] = [1, 12]
A(−) B = [3 − 7, 5 − (−2)] = [− 4, 7]
A(•) B = [3 • (−2) ∧ 3 • 7 ∧ 5 • (−2) ∧ 5 • 7, 3 • (−2) ∨ !]
= [− 10, 35]
A(/) B = [3 /(−2) ∧ 3 / 7 ∧ 5 /(−2) ∧ 5 / 7, 3 /(−2) ∨ !]
= [− 2.5, 5 / 7]

−1 ⎡ 1
−1 1 1 1⎤ ⎡ 1 1⎤
B = [−2,7] = ⎢ ∧ , ∨ ⎥ = ⎢− , ⎥
⎣ (−2) 7 (−2) 7 ⎦ ⎣ 2 7 ⎦
7
 Operation of Fuzzy Number

!   Operation of α-cut Interval

n  α-cut interval of fuzzy number A = [a1, a3]
Aα = [a1(α), a3(α)], ∀α ∈ [0, 1], a1, a3, a1(α), a3(α) ∈ ℜ

n  [a1(α), a3(α)] (+) [b1(α), b3(α)] = [a1(α) + b1(α), a3(α) + b3(α)]

n  [a1(α), a3(α)] (–) [b1(α), b3(α)] = [a1(α) – b3(α), a3(α) – b1(α)]

8
 Operation of Fuzzy Number

!   Addition : A (+) B
µ A( + ) B ( z ) = ∨ (µ A ( x) ∧ µ B ( y))
z = x+ y

!   Subtraction : A (–) B
µ A( −) B ( z ) = ∨ ( µ A ( x) ∧ µ B ( y))
z = x− y
!   Multiplication : A (•) B
µ A(•) B ( z ) = ∨ ( µ A ( x) ∧ µ B ( y))
z = x• y

!   Division : A (/) B
µ A(/) B ( z ) = ∨ (µ A ( x) ∧ µ B ( y))
z=x / y
9
 Operation of Fuzzy Number

!   Minimum: A (∧) B
µ A( ∧) B ( z ) = ∨ (µ A ( x) ∧ µ B ( y))
z = x∧ y

!  Maximum: A (∨) B
µ A(∨ ) B ( z ) = ∨ (µ A ( x) ∧ µ B ( y))
z = x∨ y

!  multiply a scalar value to the interval a ∈ ℜ

a[b1, b3] = [a • b1 ∧ a • b3, a • b1 ∨ a • b3]

!   multiply scalar value to α-cut interval
a[b1(α), b3(α)] = [a • b1(α) ∧ a • b3(α), a • b1(α) ∨ a • b3(α)]

10
 Examples of Fuzzy Number Operation

!  Example : Addition A(+)B

A = {(2, 1), (3, 0.5)}, B = {(3, 1), (4, 0.5)}
for all x ∈ A, y ∈ B, z ∈ A(+)B

i. for z < 5, µA(+)B(z) = 0
ii. z = 5 results from x + y = 2 + 3
µA(2) ∧ µB(3) = 1 ∧ 1 = 1
µ A( +) B (5) = ∨ (1) = 1
5= 2 + 3
iii. z = 6 results from x + y = 3 + 3 or x + y = 2 + 4
µA(3) ∧ µB(3) = 0.5 ∧ 1 = 0.5
µA(2) ∧ µB(4) = 1 ∧ 0.5 = 0.5
µ A( + ) B (6) = 6=∨3+3 (0.5,0.5) = 0.5
11
6= 2+ 4
 Examples of Fuzzy Number Operation

iv. z = 7
results from x + y = 3 + 4 µA(3) ∧ µB(4) = 0.5 ∧ 0.5 = 0.5
µ
A( + ) B (7) = ∨ (0.5) = 0.5
7 =3+ 4

v. for z > 7 µA(+)B(z) = 0

A(+)B = {(5, 1), (6, 0.5), (7, 0.5)}
µA(x) µA (+) B(x)
µB(x)
1 1 1
0 .
5 0.
0.
5 5

2 3 3 4 5 6 7

(a) Fuzzy set A (b) Fuzzy number B (c) Fuzzy set A (+) B 12
 Examples of Fuzzy Number Operation

!   Example : Subtraction A(-)B

A = {(2, 1), (3, 0.5)}, B = {(3, 1), (4, 0.5)}

A(-)B = {(-2, 0.5), (-1, 1), (0, 0.5)}

µA (-) B(x)
µA(x) µB(x ) 1
1 1
0.5
0. 0.
5 5

2 3 3 4 -2 -1 0

13
 Examples of Fuzzy Number Operation

!   Example : Max operation A(∨)B

A = {(2, 1), (3, 0.5)}, B = {(3, 1), (4, 0.5)}

A(∨)B = {(3, 1), (4, 0.5)}

14
 Triangular fuzzy number

!   Definition of Triangular fuzzy number

A = (a1, a2, a3)
membership functions
µA(x)
⎧0, x < a1
⎪ 1
⎪
⎪ x − a1 , a1 ≤ x ≤ a2
⎪ a2 − a1
⎪
µ ( A) ( x) = ⎨
⎪ a −x a2 ≤ x ≤ a3
⎪ 3 , a1 a2 a3
⎪ a3 − a2 x
⎪
Triangular fuzzy number A = (a1, a2, a3)
⎩0,
⎪ x > a3

15
 Triangular fuzzy number

!  α-cut interval of triangular fuzzy number

interval Aa


Aα = [a1(α), a3(α)]
= [(a2 - a1)α + a1, -(a3 - a2)α + a3]

16
 Triangular fuzzy number

!   Example
triangular fuzzy number A = (-5, -1, 1)
1

⎧0, x < −5
⎪
0.5 ⎪x + 5
− 5 ≤ x ≤ −1
⎪ ,
⎪ 4
µ ( A) ( x) = ⎨
⎪1 − x −1 ≤ x ≤ 1
⎪ ,
-6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 ⎪ 2
⎪
⎩0, x >1
A0.5
α = 0.5 cut of triangular fuzzy number A = (-5, -1, 1)

17
 Triangular fuzzy number

!   Example
n  α-cut interval from this fuzzy number
x+5
=α ⇒ x = 4α − 5
4
1− x
=α ⇒ x = −2α + 1
2
Aα = [a1(α), a3(α)] = [4α - 5, -2α + 1]

n  If α = 0.5, substituting 0.5 for α, we get A0.5

A0.5 = [a1(0.5), a3(0.5)] = [-3, 0]

18
 Operation of Triangular Fuzzy Number

!   Properties of operations on triangular fuzz

y number
1.  The results from addition or subtraction betwe
en triangular fuzzy numbers result also triangul
ar fuzzy numbers.
2.  The results from multiplication or division are n
ot triangular fuzzy numbers.
3.  Max or min operation does not give triangular f
uzzy number

19
 Operation of Triangular Fuzzy Number

!   triangular fuzzy numbers A and B are defined

A = (a1, a2, a3), B = (b1, b2, b3)

n  Addition A(+) B = (a1 , a2 , a3 )(+)(b1 , b2 , b3 )
= (a1 + b1 , a2 + b2 , a3 + b3 )
n  Subtraction A(−) B = (a1 , a2 , a3 )(−)(b1 , b2 , b3 )
= (a1 − b3 , a2 − b2 , a3 − b1 )

n  Symmetric image -(A) = (-a3, -a2, -a1)

20
 Operation of Triangular Fuzzy Number

!   Example
A = (-3, 2, 4), B = (-1, 0, 6)
A (+) B = (-4, 2, 10)
A (-) B = (-9, 2, 5)

1 A 1 1
B
A (+) B A (-) B
0.5 0.5 0.5

- - 0 2 4 6 - 0 2 10 -9 0 2 5
3 1 4

(a) Triangular fuzzy number A, B (b) A (+) B (c) A (-) B

21
 Operation of Triangular Fuzzy Number

!   Example
triangular fuzzy numbers A and B :
A = (-3, 2, 4), B = (-1, 0, 6)

α-level intervals from α-cut operation

Aα = [a1(α ) , a 3(α ) ] = [(a 2 − a1 )α + a1 ,−(a 3 − a 2 )α + a 3 ]
= [5α − 3,−2α + 4]
Bα = [b1(α ) , b3(α ) ] = [(b2 − b1 )α + b1 ,−(b3 −b 2 )α + b3 ]
= [α − 1,−6α + 6]

22
 Operation of Triangular Fuzzy Number

!   Example
n  Aα (+) Bα = [6α - 4, -8α + 10]
α = 0 and α = 1,
A0 (+) B0 = [-4, 10] A1 (+) B1 = [2, 2] = 2

n  Aα (-) Bα = [11α - 9, -3α + 5]
α = 0 and α = 1
A0 (-) B0 = [-9, 5] A1 (-) B1 = [2, 2] = 2

23
 Approximation of Triangular Fuzzy Number

!   Example
A = (1, 2, 4), B=(2, 4, 6)
Aα = [(2 − 1)α + 1, − (4 − 2)α + 4] = [α + 1, − 2α + 4]
Bα = [(4 − 2)α + 2, − (6 − 4)α + 6] = [2α + 2, − 2α + 6]
Aα (•) Bα = [α + 1, − 2α + 4](•)[2α + 2, − 2α + 6]
= [(α + 1)(2α + 2), (−2α + 4)(−2α + 6)]

= [2α 2 + 4α + 2, 4α 2 − 20α + 24]
When α = 0, A0(•)B0 = [2, 24]
When α = 1, A0(•)B1 = [2+4+2, 4-20+24] = [8, 8] = 8
A (•) B ≅ (2 , 8, 24)
24
 Approximation of Triangular Fuzzy Number

!   Example
Aα (/) Bα = [(α + 1) /(−2α + 6), (−2α + 6) /(2α + 2)]
When α = 0
A0 (/) B0 = [1 / 6, 4 / 2]
= [0.17, 2]
When α = 1
A1 (/) B1 = [(1 + 1) /(−2 + 6), (−2 + 4) /(2 + 2)]
= [2 / 4, 2 / 4]
approximated value of=A 0(/)
.5 B

A(/) B = (0.17, 0.5, 2)

25
 Other Types of Fuzzy Number

!   Trapezoidal Fuzzy Number

Definition(Trapezoidal fuzzy number)
A = (a1, a2, a3, a4) ⎧0, x < a1
⎪ x − a1
⎪ , a1 ≤ x ≤ a2
membership function a
⎪⎪ 2 1− a
µ A ( x) = ⎨1, a2 ≤ x ≤ a3
⎪ a4 − x
⎪ , a3 ≤ x ≤ a4
a − a
µA(x) ⎪ 4 3
⎪⎩0, x > a4
1

a1 a2 a3 a4 x
26
Trapezoidal fuzzy number A = (a1, a2, a3, a4)
 Operations of Trapezoidal Fuzzy Number

1)Addition and subtraction between fuzzy numbers

become trapezoidal fuzzy number.

2)Multiplication, division, and inverse need not be t
rapezoidal fuzzy number.

3)Max and Min of fuzzy number is not always in the
form of trapezoidal fuzzy number.

27
 Operations of Trapezoidal Fuzzy Number

!   Addition
A(+) B = (a1 , a2 , a3 , a4 )(+)(b1 , b2 , b3 , b4 )
= (a1 + b1 , a2 + b2 , a3 + b3 , a4 + b4 )

!   Subtraction
A(−) B = (a1 − b4 , a2 − b3 , a3 − b2 , a4 − b1 )

28
 Operations of Trapezoidal Fuzzy Number

!   Example Multiplication
A = (1, 5, 6, 9), B = (2, 3, 5, 8)
Aα = [4α + 1, –3α + 9], Bα = [α + 2, –3α + 8]

Aα (•) Bα = [(4α + 1)(α + 2), (−3α + 9)(−3α + 8)]

= [4α 2 + 9α + 2, 9α 2 − 51α + 72]

When α = 0 A0 (•) B0 = [2, 72]
When α = 1 A (•) B = [4 + 9 + 2, 9 − 51 + 72]
1 1
= [15, 30]
approximated value
A(•) B ≅ [2, 15, 30, 72]
29
 Operations of Trapezoidal Fuzzy Number

!   Example

1.0
0.9
0.8 (1,5, 6, 9) (•)
0.7 (2,3,5,8) = A (•) B
0.6
0.5 (2,15, 30, 72)
(1,5, 6, 9)
0.4 = A
0.3 (2,3, 5, 8)
0.2 = B
0.1 x
10 20 30 40 50 60 70

Multiplication of trapezoidal fuzzy number A (•) B

30
 Operations of Trapezoidal Fuzzy Number

!   flat fuzzy number

∃m1, m2 ∈ ℜ, m1 < m2
µA(x) = 1, m1 ≤ x ≤ m2
In this case, membership function in x < m1 and x < m2 need not be a lin
e

m1 m2

Flat fuzzy number 31