DESIGN OF BEAMS

Design of beam section for member numbers- B1 from ETABS

Size of beam = 230 x 350 mm.

Effective cover = 35 mm.

Effective depth (d) = 350-35 = 315 mm.

Using M20 grade concrete and Fe 415 grade steel.

Design Constants:

X u max
For Fe 415 steel = 0.48
d

Max BM get from ETABS Analysis = 171.75 x 106 N-mm

X u max  X u max  2
Mulim = 0.36 fck 1  0.42 d bd
d  

= 0.36 x 25x 0.48 [1-0.42 x 0.48] 230 x 3152 N `

= 78.71 x 106 n-m

Mu lim < Mu max

Hence the section is designed as Doubly Reinforced Section.

As per IS 456-2000 code for doubly reinforced section

Mu max – Mu lim = fsc Asc (d-d’)

Where d’ is effective top cover i.e. d’ = 35mm

Fsc is approximately taken as 0.87 FY

= 0.87 x 415 = 316.05 N/mm2

171.75x106–78.71x106 = 316.05 Asc (350-35)

Asc = ……. mm2

Adopt 16 mm ϕ bars
Provide Asc = 201.06 mm2
Design of steel reinforcement:

Ast = Ast1 + Ast2

0.36 xf ck bX u max 0.36 x 20 x 230 x0.48 x315

Ast1 = = = …………. mm2
0.87 xf y 0.87 x 415

f sc xAsc 316.05 x 201.06

Ast2 = = = ………..mm2
0.87 xf y 0.87 x 415

Ast = Ast1 + Ast2

Provide 4 nos of 16Ø

Check for min area of steel to be provided.

As 0.85
=
bd fy

0.85 x 230 x315

As = = ……… mm2
415
Hence our provided Ast is in safer side

Design of shear reinforcement:

Max. Shear force = Vu = 29.063 KN

V 29.063x10 3
Nominal shear force = τv = = = 0.46 N/mm2
bd 230 x315

100 A st 100 xAst

Percentage of steel Pt = = = ……….%
bd 230 x315

From IS 456-2000 Table No-19

Shear stress in concrete = τc = 0.62 N/mm2

τv < τc

0.46 < 0.62

Hence safe
Provide Nominal Shear Reinforcement

Minimum Shear Reinforcement :

ASv
 0.4 / 0.87 fy
bS v

Adopt 4-legged 8 mm ϕ stirrups the area

Asv = 201.06 mm2

0.87 xf y xASv xd 0.87 x 415 x 201.06 x315

Sv = = = ………mm c/c
VS 230 X 0.4

Provide 8mm ϕ bars at 300 mm c/c.

DESIGN OF SLAB

Design of One-way slab :- S4 & S19 Panel

Size = 3.02  1.26 m

Ly / Lx = 3.020/ 1.260 = 2.39 < 2.0

 It is a one-way slab.

Cross Sectional Dimensions:

Effective Span (L eff ) : Which should be least of the following as per IS456-2000, Pg
34, Clause 22.20, a&b.

Leff = Clear span + Effec. Depth

= 1.145 + 0.10

= 1.245 m
SUPPORT .WIDTH
Leff = Clear span +
2

0.23
= 1.245 +
2

= 1.36 m

Adopting the least value as (Leff) = 1.36 m

Effective Depth (d eff ) :

Let us assume the thickness of the slab as per IS456-2000, Pg : 39 , Clause 24.10-2.

For Continuous slabs, Leff / D = 32

Leff
D= = 𝟏𝟑𝟔𝟎/𝟑𝟐 = 42.5≈ 𝟏𝟐𝟓𝒎
32
 Overall Depth (D) : 125mm
10
Effective Cover (dc ) : 20 + = 25 mm
2

Effective Depth (deff ) : 125 -25 = 100 mm

Design loads per m2 of slab

Dead load of slab = 0.075  25 = 1.875 KN/m2

Live load (As/IS456-2000 part-III) = 2.00 KN/m2

Floor finish = 1.00 KN/m2

= 4.875 KN/m2

Factored load ( Wud) = 1.5 x 4.875 = 7.3125 KN/m2

Bending Moment

B.M = WL²/ 8 = ( 7.3125 * 1.36²) / 8=1.69 KN/m²

Depth from moment consideration

Minimum Depth required for resisting Bending Moment

Mu = 0.138fk.b.d²
1.69 x 106

d = = 24.745 mm < available depth 75mm

0.138 x 20 x 1000

Depth from stiffness consideration

D = 25 mm ~ 100 mm

d = 100 – 25 = 75 mm

Calculation of Area of steel

 fck  4.6Mv 
Ast  0.5 1  1  bd
fy  fckbd 2 

0.50 x 20 4.6 x 1.69 x 106

Ast = 1- 1- 1000 x 100

415 20 x 1000 x 752

= 85 mm2

Hence Provide 100 mm2

П x 82

Provide 8 mm dia. Tor steel ast = = 50.26 mm2

ast

Spacing of Steel = X 1000

Ast

(50.26 / 85) X 1000 = 592 ~ 300 mm c/c

 Provide 8 mm  @ 300 mm c/c

Transverse reinforcement

Asty = 0.12% of bD
0.12
=  1000  100  120mm 2
100
Spacing of 8 mm  bars

50.26
 1000 = 418.83 ~ 250 mm c/c
120

Spacing should be lesser of

5d = 5  100 = 500 mm

450 mm

260 mm

 Provide 8 mm  @ 250 mm c/c

Check for shear

Shear force = 7.315 x 1.26 / 2 = 4.60 KN.

vu 4.93  10 3
Nominal shear stress ( u )    0.05 N mm 2
bd 1000  100

c = Vu / bd = 4.93 x10 ³ / 1000X100 =0.05 N/mm²

120
Percentage of steel =  100  0.12
1000  100

From code IS 456 tables – 19   c  0.29 N mm2

 u   c Slab is safe in shear.

DESIGN OF TWO-WAY SLAB

S1 & S16 Panel

Grades of Materials

Grade of Concrete : M20 (1: 1.5 : 3)

Grade of Steel : Fe415 for both main and secondary steel

Classification of Slab(Two adjacent edges discontinuous)

Ly = 3.715 m

3.13m

Lx = 3.130 m

Ly / Lx = 3.715 / 3.13 = 1.18 < 2.0

3.715m

Hence the Slab has to be designed as Two way Slab

Calculation of depth of Slab

The Slab : Two way continuous

Shortspan : Lx = 3.130

Steel of Grade : Fe415

Span / Overall depth = 32

Lx / D = 32 D = 3010 / 32 = 97.81 mm Say 125 mm

Assume effective Cover (d’) = 15 + 8/2 = 19 mm

Effective depth = 125 – 19 = 106 mm

Estimation of Loads
Assume 1.00 m width of the slab

Total depth of slab = 0.10 m

Self weight of the slab = 1.00 x 0.125 x 25 = 3.125 KN / m

Weight of the floor finish = 1.00 x 1.75 = 1.75 KN / m

Live Load is taken as = 2.00 KN / m

Total Working Load (W) = 6.875 KN / m

Total Ultimate Load (Wu) = 1.5 x 6.875 = 10.3125 KN / m

Calculation of effective span

Effective Span of the slab is the least of the following

(¡) Centre to centre distance between the supports

Lx = 3.130 m , Ly = 3.715 m

(¡¡) Clear span + Effective depth of slab

Lx = 2.9 + 0.08 = 2.98 m , Ly = 3.485 + 0.08 = 3.565m

Effective Span

Lx = 2.98 m , Ly = 3.565 m

Calculation of Design moments

Edge conditions :- Two adjacent edges discontinuous

The design coefficients are taken from table 26 of IS 456 – 2000

a) Negative moment at continuous edge x = 0.0586 y = 0.047

 b) Positive moment at midspan x = 0.044 y = 0.035

Moments (According to IS 456 – 2000 , D – 1.1)

Mx = x wlx2

My = y wlx2

Negative moment at continuous edge

MX = 0.0586 x 10.3125x 2.982 = 5.36 KN-m

MY = 0.047 x 10.3125 x 2.982 = 4.3 KN-m

Positive moment at midspan

MX = 0.0446 x 10.3125 x 2.982 = 4.029 KN-m

MY = 0.035 x 10.3125 x 2.982 = 3.205 KN-m

Effective depth of slab (For [Link])

Mu lim = 0.138fckbd2

Mu lim

d =

0.138fckb

5.36 x 106
 d = = 44.068 mm < available depth 106mm

20 x 1000

Hence OK

Calculation of Area of steel

Here the slab is two way slab

Edge conditions : Two adjacent edges discontinuos

The slab must consists of the required area of steel at the following zones.

At middle strip along short span : (Astxm)

At middle strip along longer span : (Astym)

At support along short span : (Astxs )

At supports along longer span : (Astys)

Torsion steel at corners

At middle strip along short span (Astxm)

MD = 4.029 KN-m

0.50 fCK 4.6 x MD

Ast = 1- 1- bd

fy fCK bd2

0.50 x 20 4.6 x 4.029 x 106

Ast = 1- 1- 1000 x 106

415 20 x 1000 x 1062

 = 113.7 mm2 < 120 mm2 ([Link] 0.12% of bD as per Clause [Link] of
IS 456-2000)

Hence Provide 120 mm2

П x 82

Provide 8 mm dia. Tor steel ast = = 50.26 mm2

ast

Spacing of Steel = X 1000

Ast

50.26

Spacing of Steel = x 1000 = 418 mm

120

But maximum spacing of Tension Reinforcement as per Clause 26.3.3 b 1 from

IS 456 – 2000 is 3d or 300 mm whichever is less.

3 x 106 = 318 mm or 300 mm

Hence provide 8 mm dia. @ 300 mm C/C

Revised Astxm = (1000 x 50.2) / 300 = 167.53 mm2

At middle strip along Longer span (Astym)

MD = 3.205 KN-m

0.50 fCK 4.6 x MD

Ast = 1- 1- bd

fy fCK bd2

0.50 x 20 4.6 x 3.205 x 106

Ast = 1- 1- 1000 x 106

415 20 x 1000 x 1062

= 91.038 mm2 < 120 mm2 ([Link] 0.12% of bD)

Hence Provide 120 mm2

П x 82
Provide 8 mm dia. Tor steel ast = = 50.26 mm2
 4

ast

Spacing of Steel = X 1000

Ast

50.26

Spacing of Steel = X 1000 = 418 mm

120

But maximum spacing of Tension Reinforcement as per Clause 26.3.3 b 1 from

IS 456 – 2000 is 3d or 300 mm whichever is less.

3 x 106 = 318 mm or 300 mm

Hence provide 8 mm dia. @ 300 mm C/C

Revised Astxm = (1000 x 50.2) / 300 = 167.53 mm2

At Support along short span (Astxs)

MD = 5.36 KN-m
 0.50 fCK 4.6 x MD

Ast = 1- 1- bd

fy fCK bd2

0.50 x 20 4.6 x 5.36 x 106

Ast = 1- 1- 1000 x 106

415 20 x 1000 x 1062

= 150 mm2 > 120 mm2 ([Link] 0.12% of bD)

П x 82

Provide 8 mm dia. Tor steel ast = = 50.26 mm2

ast

Spacing of Steel = X 1000

Ast

50.26

Spacing of Steel = X 1000 = 335 mm

150

But maximum spacing of Tension Reinforcement as per Clause 26.3.3 b 1 from

IS 456 – 2000 is 3d or 300 mm whichever is less.

3 x 106 = 318 mm or 300 mm

Hence provide 8 mm dia. @ 300 mm C/C

Revised Astxm = (1000 x 50.2) / 300 = 167.33 mm2

At Support along Longer span (Astys)

MD = 4.3 KN-m

0.50 fCK 4.6 x MD

Ast = 1- 1- bd

fy fCK bd2

0.50 x 20 4.6 x 4.3 x 106

Ast = 1- 1- 1000 x 106

415 20 x 1000 x 1062

= 121.09 mm2 < 120 mm2 ([Link] 0.12% of bD)

П x 82

Provide 8 mm dia. Tor steel ast = = 50.26 mm2

 4

ast

Spacing of Steel = X 1000

Ast

50.26

Spacing of Steel = X 1000 = 418.83 mm

120

But maximum spacing of Tension Reinforcement as per Clause 26.3.3 b 1 from

IS 456 – 2000 is 3d or 300 mm whichever is less.

3 x 106 = 318 mm or 300 mm

Hence provide 8 mm dia. @ 300 mm C/C

Revised Astxm = (1000 x 50.2) / 300 = 167.3 mm2

Torsion steel

At corners that have both edges discontinuous

= ¾ x Astxm = ¾ x 160 = 120 mm2

In each layer provide two layer of size Lx/5 , LY/5 = 0.62m, 0.74 m

two at top and two at bottom.

At corners that have one edge continuous and other edge discontinuous = 3/8 x
160 = 60 mm2 in each layer.

No Torsion steel is required for continuous edges

Span Position Mu KN-m D mm Req. Ast Dia. mm Spacing

mm

Short Support 5.36 125 160 8 300

 Mid span 4.029 125 160 8 300

Long Support 3.604.3 125 160 8 300

Mid span 3.205 125 160 8 300

Check for deflection

Area of Steel (Ast) = 210 mm2

Percentage of steel Pt = ( Ast /bd) x 100

= (160 / 1000 x 106) x 100 = 0.15%

From Fig-4 of IS 456 – 2000

Modification factor = 1.50

Basic value for Span to effective depth ratio = 40 x 1.06 = 38

Permissible ratio = 1.50 x 38 = 57

Actual ratio = 2980/106 = 28.11 < 57 Hence OK

Check for shear

For continuous short edge Vu = WL/2

Shear Vu = 10.3125 x 2.98 / 2 = 15.365 KN

Area of steel available at this edge Astxs = 160 mm2

Pt% = (100 x 160 / 1000 x 106) = 0.15%

From Table 19 of IS 456 – 2000 c = 0.28 N/ mm2 K = 1.30

Shear resisted by concrete Vc = c bdK

= 0.28 x 1000 x 106 x 1.30

= 38.58 KN > 15.365 Hence OK