studymoose
ESSAYS TOPICS CHECK FOR PLAGIARISM LOGINHIRE WRITER
We use cookies to give you the best experience possible. By continuing we’ll assume you’re on
board with our cookie policy
Hire a Professional Writer Now
What’s Your Topic?
Hire a Professional Writer Now
01/28/2020
8:56 AM
Back
2/4 steps
Hire a Professional Writer Now
−
2 pages (550 words)
+
Back
3/4 steps
Hire a Professional Writer Now
Your Email
Back
finish order
Paper type: Essay Pages: 7 (1555 words)
Downloads: 42
Views: 238
The Insecticidal Potential of ...
Abstract. The goal of this research is to determine the insecticidal effects of chili pepper leaf
extract on termites. Chili pepper leaves were collected then air-dried and oven-dried until brittle.
The leaves were then pulverized and milled using the Willey mill. After this, the powdered
leaves were boiled in water and filtered. After the preparation of the extract, termites were
gathered in two containers. One of the containers was sprayed with the extract. The other
container served as the control. The setup was checked every hour for five succeeding hours.
Related Essays
KFC Exploring Strategy
Pages: 9 (2571 words)
The Chicken Rice Shop
Pages: 23 (6844 words)
Pohela Boishakh Festival
Pages: 5 (1471 words)
Food & Drink in the Elizabethan Era
Pages: 1 (263 words)
Koobideh Kabab
Pages: 6 (1564 words)
Analytical Essay Super Size Me
Pages: 5 (1356 words)
Australian Stereotypes
Pages: 2 (516 words)
Support Individuals to Eat and Drink
Pages: 9 (2509 words)
Result showed that the extract had no apparent effect on termites.
INTRODUCTION
The chili pepper, or suing labuyo as many of us know it, is a favorite spice of many people
around the world, including the Philippines. There are people who cannot eat anything without
the taste of real hot pepper. Pepper have health-sustaining properties as well. They have been
found to have rich Vitamin A and C contents. Here in the Philippines, even the leaves of the chili
pepper are eaten as a vegetable.
Don't use plagiarized sources.
Get Your Custom Essay on
The Insecticidal Potential of Chili Pepper
Just from $13,9/Page
GET CUSTOM PAPER
The goal of this project is to find out if an aqueous extract from chili pepper leaves have any
insecticidal effect on insects, specifically termites.
Termites are a common problem everywhere. They cause destruction in furniture, houses, or
anything made of wood. If this research proves to be successful, there can now be an
alternative solution to this problem and it is also possible that it can be used in the fight against
other insect pest. This research will only test the leaves of the chili pepper for insecticidal
properties. Only one concentration of the solution will be used for testing. The chemical contents
of the extract will not be determined. The extract will only be tested on termites.
REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE
Insecticides are poisons used for chemical control. Insecticides often are used on a large scale.
Low-flying airplanes and helicopters treat fields, forests, and swamps with insecticides. Large
power- driven sprayers protect orchards. Gaseous insecticides, called fumigants, are used in
enclosed spaces, such as grain warehouses, ship, and airplanes. In homes, people use spray
guns and aerosol bombs to kill pests. In small gardens, hand-held applicators are used to spray
or dust insecticides on plants.
Some of the older insecticides come from minerals and plants. Many of these contain the
mineral arsenic. Insecticides that come from plants are nicotine, made from tobacco plants;
rotenone, made from certain tropical plants; and pyrethrum, made from chrysanthemum flowers.
These have generally been replaced by organic insecticides. The newer insecticides are made
in the laboratories. There are three basic types – the phosphates, such as Malathion, the
carbamates, such as carbaryl; and the chlorinated hydrocarbons, the most famous of which is
DDT (dichlorodiphenyl – trichloro – ethane). Insecticides are absorbed by the insects in different
ways. The insect may have body contact with an insecticide. The insect may feed on treated
foliage or fruit. It may absorb vaporized insecticide through its breathing system.
Or it may feed on the sap of plants that absorbed the insecticide. Usually, insects are killed by a
combination of these methods. Insecticides kill by affecting the physiology of the insect. For
example, borax is used to kill roaches. It abrades the skin of the insects (roughens the skin or
wears it away), causing them to lose water. They die by drying. DDT and many other
insecticides cause death by interfering with nerve transmissions. Others react with the nervous
system in such a way that they cause the pest to stop feeding and thus starve to death.
Insecticides are helpful, but they also can be dangerous. Some insecticides, called
broad-spectrum poisons, kill a wide variety of organisms. Besides killing pests, they kill
harmless and helpful organ¬isms, including wasps, spiders, and other natural enemies of pests.
Some insecticides, like DDT, remain in soil and water for a long time, harming wildlife. DDT is
no longer sold in the United States. Sometimes insects become resistant to an insecticide. That
is, the insecticides no longer kill them. Resistance can be avoided by careful use of insecticides.
This means controlling the amount and the kinds that are used. It also means spraying limited
areas or spraying only certain plants in an area. Insecticides used in the home may pose harm
to people if their fumes are inhaled or if ‘there occurs skin contact. Some contain poisons that
affect people and pests. These should not be used if young children or pets are likely to touch or
chew on the objects with the insecticides.
It is extremely important to read and follow the directions or warnings that come with any
insecticide. It is also important for anyone who uses an insecticide to understand its purpose
and properties.
THE PEPPER FAMILY
The garden vegetables pepper, Capsicum annuurn, of the Solanaceae, or nightshade family, is
grown throughout the world and produces not only the green, bell-shaped, sweet peppers that
are common garden varieties, but also the hot peppers used for such spices as paprika, chili,
and cayenne. Most cultivated peppers belong to one of two major groups. The Grossum group
yields the globose, mild-flavored sweet-peppers and the pimiento, or Spanish pepper. The
Longgum group produces the “hot chili” and cayenne peppers, several hundred varieties of
which are cultivated in wanner regions. Longum peppers are characterized by their extreme
pungency. They may be highly irritating when eaten fresh, and in western cuisines they are
generally used for the most part in the form of spice powders made from the dried fruit. Paprika
is obtained from a milder variety of hot pepper.
THE TERMITES
Termites (order Isoptera) are mainly tropical and subtropical insects, comprising nearly 1,800
species in about 200 genera. Common to warm and humid climates, they are also fotmd in
North America and southern Europe. Termites were believed to have evolved from relatives of
the cockroach, but recent studies of DNA taken from termites and cockroaches seem to show
they both evolved from a common ancestor. The life cycle, habits, and appearance of termites
are similar to those of ants, so that termites are also referred to as “white ants”.
But the insects differ in a number of important aspects. Although termites can also be
agricultural pests, they are known primarily for their destruction of wooden structures. A
common method of termite control has entailed the use of chlordane. In 1987, however, with
recent studies showing that this pesticide can cause cancer, the United States Environmental
Protection Agency banned almost all its uses, including aboveground antitermite applications; it
may only be injected into the ground beneath homes.
The chemical hexaflumuron has been found to inhibit the production of chitin for the termite’s
outershell, preventing it from molting. This chemi¬cal is being tested for safety and proper use in
termite control around houses.
METHODOLOGY
PREPARATION OF THE EXTRACT SOLUTION
Fresh chili pepper were obtained from Nepa-Q Mart in Cubao Quezon City. The leaves were
dried in the oven until they became brittle. The leaves were then crushed and then ground into
fine powder using a Willey mill. Then the powdered chili pepper leaves were mixed with water at
a ratio of 1 gram of powdered chili pepper leaves to 50 milliliters of water. The mixture was
boiled and then strained and filtered. The filtrate was temporarily stored inside a refrigerator.
GATHERING OF TERMITE
Twenty termites were gathered from the mound near Advanced Technology Building (A.T. B.).
They were then placed into two containers, divided evenly.
TESTING OF THE EXTRACT ON TERMITES
Ten termites were put into each of the two containers made from the fine screen. Afterwards, 5
millilitres .of the extract was sprayed on one of the containers leaving the other one to serve as
control. The number of dead termites was checked every hour for five hours.
RESULT AND DISCUSSION
Initial results showed that there was no apparent effect of chili pepper leaf extracts sprayed on
the termites. During the first hour of the observation period, the researchers observed the death
of a termite in the experimental group. During the four succeeding hours, no further death was
observed. The group suspected that the extract had a very minimal or no effect on the termites.
The concentra¬tion of the extract must have been too dilute to show any insecticidal property. (1
gram of chili pepper leaf powder is to 50 milliliters of water)
SUMMARY AND CONCLUSION
Based on the data observed, the group concluded that the chili pepper leaf extract has no effect
on termites. No death occurred during the testing period.
RECOMMENDATIONS
The group did not have their expected results and arrived at a certain conclusion that Chili
pepper leaf extract is not good as an insecticide for termites. The group recommends to future
researchers to use a variation of the concentration, preferably of a higher concentration of the
chili pepper leaf extracts for testing. If it proves to be effective, the group recommends to use
the extract on different insects for its possible effect.
SELECTED REFERENCES
Mindscape. Grolier Electronic Publishing, Inc,. Singapore. 1996. The New Book of Kpowledge.
United States of America. GRolier Incorporated. 19)80. Note: No part of this article maybe used
or reproduced in any form whatsoever without wtritten permission from Philippine Science High
School, Diliman Quezorr City except in the case of brief citation embodied in scientific articles
and reviews.
Cite this page
APA MLA Harvard Chicago ASA IEEE AMA
The Insecticidal Potential of Chili Pepper. (2016, Nov 22). Retrieved from
[Link]
COPY
Read less
This essay is written by:
PerfectWriter001
Verified writer
Finished papers: 328
4.85
Proficient in:
English, Nursing, History, Healthcare, Psychology, Management
HIRE THIS WRITER
How to Avoid Plagiarism
Use multiple resourses when assembling your essay
Use Plagiarism Checker to double check your essay
Get help from professional writers when not sure you can do it yourself
Do not copy and paste free to download essays
GET PLAGIARISM FREE ESSAY
Recommended
for Yo
CHAPTER 2REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATUREThis Review of related literature focuses on
the effect of cinnamon, blackpepper and orange peelings as a natural insecticide. This study
contains informationabout cinnamon, where can it be obtained, its description, and the effect
and what isdoes to insect. The study and test of chili pepper if it has a potential to be used as
anextract to pesticide production, what is does to insects. And the uses of [Link]
PepperChili peppers,Capsicum annuum,perennial plants in the Family Solanaceaeare grown for
their edible [Link] peppers originated in the Americas. After the Columbian Exchange,many
cultivars of chili pepper spread across the world, used in both food andmedicine. Chilies were
brought to Asia by Portuguese navigators during the 16thcentury. (Lea, n.d.). Capsaicin is the
main chemical that makes chili peppers hot (Lea, n.d.).Capsaicin is also used as an animal
repellent against insects and mites, bydamaging their membrane (Lea, n.d.). Capsaicin was first
registered for use in theUnited States in 1962. The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (U.S.
EPA)considers it to be a biochemical pesticide because it is a naturally
[Link] from the pepper discourages the pest from laying eggs
(Scott,2003).The pepper works better as an insecticide when insects are soft-bodied duringthe
larval stage because the chemical is able to penetrate and pierce through theirbody (Scott,
2003).
Chili pepper is safe to use as an insecticide, animals are not harmed byCapsaicin (Lea, n.d.).
Pepper is unlikely to cause many of the problems associatedwith synthetic pesticides, such as
groundwater contamination, insect resistance andhuman illness (Scott, 2003).
REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE
Insecticides are toxicants used for chemical control. Insecticides frequently are used on a big
graduated table. Low-flying aeroplanes and choppers treat Fieldss. woods. and swamps with
insect powders. Large power- driven sprayers protect groves. Gaseous insect powders. called
fumigants. are used in enclosed infinites. such as grain warehouses. ship. and aeroplanes. In
places. people use spray guns and aerosol bombs to kill plagues. In little gardens. handheld
appliers are used to spray or dust insect powders on workss.
Some of the older insect powders come from minerals and workss. Many of these contain the
mineral arsenous anhydride. Insecticides that semen from workss are nicotine. made from
baccy workss ; rotenone. made from certain tropical workss ; and pyrethrum. made from
chrysanthemum flowers. These have by and large been replaced by organic insect powders.
The newer insect powders are made in the research labs. There are three basic types – the
phosphates. such as Malathion. the carbamates. such as carbaryl ; and the chlorinated
hydrocarbons. the most celebrated of which is DDT ( dichlorodiphenyl – trichloro – C2H6 ) .
Insecticides are absorbed by the insects in different ways. The insect may hold organic structure
contact with an insect powder. The insect may feed on treated leaf or fruit. It may absorb
gasified insect powder through its external respiration system.
Or it may feed on the sap of workss that absorbed the insect powder. Normally. insects are
killed by a combination of these methods. Insecticides kill by impacting the physiology of the
insect. For illustration. borax is used to kill roaches. It abrades the tegument of the insects (
roughens the tegument or wears it off ) . doing them to lose H2O. They die by drying. DDT and
many other insect powders cause decease by interfering with nerve transmittals. Others react
with the nervous system in such a manner that they cause the plague to halt eating and
therefore hunger to decease. Insecticides are helpful. but they besides can be unsafe. Some
insect powders. called broad-spectrum toxicants. kill a broad assortment of beings. Besides
killing plagues. they kill harmless and helpful organ¬isms. including WASP. spiders. and other
natural enemies of plagues.
Some insect powders. like DDT. remain in dirt and H2O for a long clip. harming wildlife. DDT is
no longer sold in the United States. Sometimes insects become immune to an insect powder.
That is. the insecticides no longer kill them. Resistance can be avoided by careful usage of
insect powders. This means commanding the sum and the sorts that are used. It besides means
spraying limited countries or spraying merely certain workss in an country. Insecticides used in
the place may present injury to people if their exhausts are inhaled or if ‘there occurs skin
contact. Some contain toxicants that affect people and plagues. These should non be used if
immature kids or pets are likely to touch or masticate on the objects with the insect powders.
It is highly of import to read and follow the waies or warnings that come with any insect powder.
It is besides of import for anyone who uses an insect powder to understand its intent and
belongingss.
THE PEPPER FAMILY
The garden veggies pepper. Capsicum annuurn. of the Solanaceae. or nightshade household.
is grown throughout the universe and produces non merely the green. bell-shaped. sweet Piper
nigrums that are common garden assortments. but besides the hot Piper nigrums used for such
spices as sweet pepper. chili. and chili pepper. Most cultivated Piper nigrums belong to one of
two major groups. The Grossum group yields the ball-shaped. mild-flavored sweet-peppers and
the sweet pepper. or Spanish Piper nigrum. The Longgum group produces the “hot chili” and
chili pepper Piper nigrums. several 100 assortments of which are cultivated in wanner parts.
Longum Piper nigrums are characterized by their utmost bite. They may be extremely annoying
when eaten fresh. and in western culinary arts they are by and large used for the most portion in
the signifier of spice pulverizations made from the dried fruit. Paprika is obtained from a milder
assortment of hot Piper nigrum.
THE Termite
Termites ( order Isoptera ) are chiefly tropical and semitropical insects. consisting about 1. 800
species in approximately 200 genera. Common to warm and humid climes. they are besides
fotmd in North America and southern Europe. Termites were believed to hold evolved from
relations of the cockroach. but recent surveies of DNA taken from white ants and cockroaches
seem to demo they both evolved from a common ascendant. The life rhythm. wonts. and visual
aspect of white ants are similar to those of emmets. so that white ants are besides referred to as
“white ants” .
But the insects differ in a figure of of import facets. Although white ants can besides be
agricultural plagues. they are known chiefly for their devastation of wooden constructions. A
common method of white ant control has entailed the usage of chlordane. In 1987.
nevertheless. with recent surveies demoing that this pesticide can do malignant neoplastic
disease. the United States Environmental Protection Agency banned about all its utilizations.
including aboveground antitermite applications ; it may merely be injected into the land beneath
places.
The chemical hexaflumuron has been found to suppress the production of chitin for the termite’s
outershell. forestalling it from sheding. This chemi¬cal is being tested for safety and proper
usage in termite control around houses.