Module I: Fundamentals of Soft Computing Techniques :
Conventional and Modern Control System :
What is intelligence?
Real intelligence is what determines the normal thought process of a human.
Artificial intelligence is a property of machines which gives it ability to mimic the human
thought process. The intelligent machines are developed based on the intelligence of a
subject, of a designer, of a person, of a human being.
What is AI ?
Artificial Intelligence is concerned with the design of intelligence in an artificial device.
The term was coined by McCarthy in 1956.
There are two ideas in the definition.
1. Intelligence
2. artificial device
To measure problem we have two technologies . 1) hard computing and 2) soft
computing.
S.n Hard computing Soft computing
o
01 It deals with precise model with precise (accurate) data It deals with approximate
where accurate solutions are achieved quickly models with approximate
data and gives solution.
02 It is based on mathematical approaches to get accurate It is based on biological model
solution.
03 It cant tolerate inaccurate , uncertain and partial data It differ from hard computing
in its tolerance to inaccurate ,
uncertain and partial data
04 It involves symbolic logic reasoning , traditional It involves approximate
numerical modelling and search to get the solution reasoning , functional
approximation and random
search to get the solution.
Soft computing :
It is an innovative approach for constructing computationally intelligence
system.
this intelligent system with knowledge techniques and Methodist from
various sources are required to sort the complex Real world problem.
The intelligent system exhibit the human life intelligence within a
specific range adopt themselves and learn to do better in changing
environment and explain how then made decision and take action.
The soft computing consists of three Technologies
1 ) neural network 2 ) fuzzy logic and 3 ) genetic algorithm
each of these Technology individually and the combination can be used to
solve the problems
the soft computing was introduced by L A Zadeh in the University Of
California.
[Link] network :
It is a processing system whose design was being inspired by and
functioning of biological nervous system of human brain.
it is mainly massively parallel distributed processing system made up
of highly interconnected neural computing elements video.
2. Fuzzy logic :
It is organised method for dealing with imprecise data.
This is an excellent mathematical tool to handle uncertainty arising due
to not having enough information about the particular elements of the
problem it is used to try the to move computers behave like human
being.
it is a mathematical model to describe human side language.
Genetic algorithm :
Genetic algorithm are inspired by Charles R Darwin's theory of survival
of the fitest that is the best one should survive and create new
offspring.
genetic algorithm uses two basic process from the evolution :
1. inheritance 2. survival of the fittest
A simple genetic algorithm uses three basic operations
genetic algorithm uses two basic process from the evolution
1 inheritance 2. survival of the fittest
A simple genetic algorithm uses three basic operations
1) reproduction : It is the process by which springs with better fitness
values receive corresponding better copies in the new generation.
2.) crossover : It combines the portion of two parents to create to new
individuals called offspring which inherit the combination of the
features of the parents.
3.) Mutation :
It is an incremental change to each member of the population with
very small probability.
Mutation enables new features to be introduced into a population.