CE 331, Fall 2009 Bridge Truss Analysis Example 1 / 5
Calculate the maximum compressive force in the top chords, the maximum tensile force in the
bottom chords and the maximum tension force in the diagonals due to dead and live loads for
the truss specified below. Assume that the maximum force due to dead plus live load occurs in
the member with the maximum force due to dead load.
Bridge Geometry:
4 panels at 18 ft per panel = 72 foot long bridge
Panel height = 16 ft
Truss spacing = 22 ft
Dead Loads:
Deck = 4‐inch‐thick Southern Yellow Pine (unit weight = 40 pcf)
Stringers = W8x15 on two‐foot centers
Floor Beams = W24x162
Truss Wt = 7500 lb per truss
Live Loads:
480 plf per lane plus a concentrated load of 19.5 k, or
H15 AASHTO truck, whichever is worse
(from [Link]
Bridge Truss Analysis Example 2 / 5
Bridge Geometry
truss_spacing 22 ft
num_panels 4
panel_length 18 ft
panel_height 16 ft
bridge_length 72 ft
deck_area 1584 sf
1. Dead Loads (on interior panel points)
thickness_wood_deck 4 in
unit_wt_wood 40 pcf
due to deck wt 2.64 k
stringer_wt_per_foot 15 plf W8x15
stringer_spacing 2 ft
num_stringers 12
due to stringer wt 1.62 k
floor _beam_wt_per_foot 162 plf W24x162
due to floor beam wt 1.78 k
self wt of 1 truss 7.5 k
due to truss self wt 1.88 k
Total DL @ Interior Panel Pts 7.92 k
2. Bar Forces due to DL
(from RISA)
7.92 k 7.92 k 7.92 k
Member Bar Force, k (tension = +'ve)
M1 13.37
M2 13.37
M3 13.37
M4 13.37
M5 ‐17.88 C Calculate bar forces due
M6 ‐17.82 C to DL + LL for the
M7 ‐17.82 3 members highlighted
M8 ‐17.88
M9 7.92
M10 5.96 T
M11 0.00
M12 5.96
M13 7.92
Bridge Truss Analysis Example 3 / 5
3. Influence Diagrams
Joint M5 M6 M10
member_length 24.08 18 24.08 ft
o
DT 532.34 712.25 532.34 F
‐ ‐ ‐ Influence Values ‐ ‐ ‐ (from RISA)
1 0.000 0.000 0.000
2 1.129 0.562 0.376
3 0.753 1.125 ‐0.753
4 0.376 0.562 ‐0.376
5 0.000 0.000 0.000
1.500
1.000
Influence Value,
tension = +'ve
0.500
Member 5
0.000
Member 6
‐0.500 Member 10
‐1.000
1 2 3 4 5
Joint of Unit Upward Load
4. Bridge Live Loads
Truck H15
P_front_axle 6 k
P_rear_axle 24 k 24 k 6 k
axle_spacing 14 ft
14 ft
assume truck can travel from left to right, or from right to left
Lane Load
LL_distrib 0.48 klf per lane (assume can be over only part of span)
19.5 k concentrated load per lane
Bridge Truss Analysis Example 4 / 5
Typical Calcs for Bar Forces due to Live Load using Influence Diagrams
Bar force in M5 due to H15:
Two possible configurations:
1.500
1.000
use 0.500 24 k 6 k
0.000
1 2 3 4 5
1.500
1.000
0.500 6 k 24 k
0.000
1 2 3 4 5
f_5 = (‐24k)(1.129) + (‐6k)(0.836) = ‐32.11 k (C )
Bar force in M5 due to lane load:
f_5 = (‐0.48 klf)(1/2 x 72 ft x 1.129) = 19.51 k (C )
Summary: Bar Forces due to Live Loads
‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ Member Forces due LL, k ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐
M5 M6 M10
due H15 Truck ‐32.11 ‐31.13 ‐9.53 C
20.82 T
due 0.48 klf distrib load ‐19.51 ‐19.44 ‐2.17 C
8.67 T
due concentrated load ‐22.01 ‐21.94 ‐7.24 C
14.67 T
distrib + conc'd ‐41.52 ‐41.38 ‐9.41 C
23.34 T
Max Bar Force due LL ‐41.52 ‐41.38 ‐9.41 C
23.34 T
Bridge Truss Analysis Example 5 / 5
5. Bar Forces due to DL + LL ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ Member Forces, k ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐
M5 M6 M10
DL ‐17.88 ‐17.82 5.96
LL ‐41.52 ‐41.38 ‐9.41
23.34
DL+LL ‐59.40 ‐59.20 ‐3.45
29.30