‫‪Lecture No.

: 2‬‬ ‫المحاضرة الثانية‬ ‫‪1‬‬

Introduction

2
Source of Moments :

Load Left Rotation

Settlement Right Rotation 3

Problem Formulation :

4
Relative
Stiffness

5
Relative Stiffness

6
Remember !
Degrees of Freedom (DOF)

Ux, Uy, Uz

x, y, z
7
 Degrees of Freedom
(DOF)

Ux, Uy, Uz x, y, z

Translational Rotational

Axial Shear Bending Torsional

(Membrane) (Flexural)
8
 Stiffness FK d
Stiffness Calculation methods :
First Method
Translation d =1
FK  1
F K
Rotation
M
K
MK 
 1= 9
Stiffness FK d
Second Method
Translation d
F K=F/d

Rotation
MK  M
K=M/  10
Examples
Translation (membrane)

First Method

K
d=1

11
Second Method
d
F

FK d F
K
d
FL F EA
d 
EA d L
EA
K
L 12
Rotation (Flexural)

M


M
MK  K

13
 B
M A
Tensi o n

MBA

MBA
MAB
+

MAB 14
 MAB MBA
A B

+ MBA
A B
MAB
A B
A1 B1
A2 B2
A = A1 + A2 B = B1 + B2 = 0 15
 A1 B1
Conjugate Beam

L
MAB
 = QElastic
M AB L
M AB L 
A1
MAB 3 EI
2 EI
M AB L

B1
M AB L M AB L 6 EI
3 EI 6 EI 16
 MBA
A2 B2
M BA L
2 EI MBA  = QElastic
M BA L

A2
6 EI
M BA L
M BA L M BA L 
B2
3 EI
6 EI 3 EI
17
 B = B1 + B2 = 0
M AB L M BA L

B1 
B2
6 EI 3 EI
_ M AB L + M BA L = 0
6 EI 3 EI
M BA L M AB L
=
3 EI 6 EI
M
M M= M
AB
BA
2 2
18
 A = A1 + A2
M AB L M BA L

A1 
A2
3 EI 6 EI
M AB L _ M BA L
A =
3 EI 6 EI
M= M
AB
BA
2
M AB L _ M AB L
A =
3 EI 12 EI
19
 M AB L _ M AB L
A =
3 EI 12 EI

A =
M AB L
EI ( 1 _ 1
3 )
12

A =
EI (
M L 4 _ 1
AB
12 12 )
M AB L
A =
4 EI
20
 M AB L
A =
4 EI
MAB 4 EI
=
A L
M
K


= 4 EI
L
21
Members with One Hinged End

M


M
K

22
M A B

L
 = QElastic
M AB L

A
MAB M AB L 3 EI
2 EI M AB L

B
M AB L M AB L 6 EI
3 EI 6 EI 23
 M AB L
A =
3 EI
M
K


= 3 EI
L

K = 3/4 Ko 24
Members with symmetry

25
Members with symmetry

M M


M
K

26
M M


MAB
M AB L
EI  = QElastic
M AB L M AB L M AB L
A =
2 EI 2 EI 2 EI
27
 M AB L
A =
2 EI
M
K


= 2 EI
L
Sym

K = 1/2 Ko 28
Members with Anti-symmetry

29
Members with Anti-symmetry

M

M
M
K

30
M
 M
M AB L
4 EI
MAB

L 2/3
 = QElastic
MAB MAB L
M AB L A =
4 EI 6 EI
MAB L MAB L
6 EI 6 EI 31
 MAB L
A =
6 EI
M
K


= 6 EI
L
Anti-Sym

K = 3/2 Ko 32
 Summary

= 4 EI
K = Ko
L

= 3 EI
K = 3/4 Ko
L
Sym
= 2 EI K = 1/2 Ko
L
Anti-Sym
= 6 EI K = 3/2 Ko
L 33
Relative Stiffness
A B C D
IAB ICD
LAB LCD
KAB : KCD
4 EIAB 4 EICD
:
LAB LCD
IAB ICD
:
LAB LCD 34
A B C D
IAB ICD
LAB LCD
KAB : KCD
4 EIAB 3 EICD
:
LAB LCD
IAB 3 ICD
:
LAB 4 LCD 35
Distribution Factor (DF)

Relative
Stiffness

36
Distribution Factor (DF)
2

2 1
3 3
2 1
1+2 1+2 37
Distribution Factor (DF)
1
3 1
1+2+3
3 1

1+2+3 6
1 2
2
2
1+2+3
1
3
38
Distribution Factor (DF)
M
A
MBA C
B
MBA=KBA  MBD MBC
MBC=KBC  M =MBA+MBC+MBD
MBD=KBD  M=(KBA+KBC+KBD) 
D
MBA=(KBA/K) M M=K 
MBC=(KBC/K) M =M/K
MBD=(KBD/K) M 39
Carry Over Moment (COM)

40
 B
M A
MBA

MAB
M
M M M
AB
BA =
2 2
Carry Over Moment (COM)
41
Sign convention:

+
-
42
Fixed End Moment (FEM)
P
PL PL
- 8 8
L

w 2
2
wL wL
- 12 12
L
43
44
Fixed End Moment (FEM)
w

w L2 w L2
- 20 30
L

P a b2
- L2
a b P b a2
L2
L 45
M b (2a-b) M a (2b-a)
M
L2 L2

a b
L

M
M
- M
L/2 L/2
- 4
4

46
Solution Steps :
Fixed End Moment FEM
Relative Stiffness RS
Distribution Factor DF
Table :
Fixed End Moment
Distribution Moment
Carry Over Moment
Distribution Moment
47
Examples

48
Example 1 :
Draw B.M.D & S.F.D for the shown beam

A B 16 t C
2 t/m

I 6 2I 8

49
 A B 16 t C
2 t/m

I 6 2I 8
FEM : Fixed End Moment

MFAB MFBA MFBC MFCB

w L2 PL
= FAB M = FBA M = FBC M = FCB M 50
12 8
 A B 16 t C
2 t/m

I 6 2I 8
w L2 2  6 2
MFAB = = tm 6 - =
12 12
MFBA tm 6 =
P L 16 8
MFBC = = tm 16 - =
8 8
MFCB = 16 tm
51
 A 2 t/m B 16 t C

I 6 2I 8
RS : Relative Stiffness
K AB : K BC
1 : 2
6 8
1 : 1
6 4
2 : 3 52
 A 2 t/m B 16 t C

I 6 2I 8

DF : K AB : K BC
DFAB : DFBC
2 : 3 2 : 3
2+3 2+3
0.4 : 0.6
53
 A B C

0.4 0.6 -10

DF
FEM - 6 6 -16 16
DM 0 + 4 +6 0
COM +2 0 0 +3
DM 0 0 0 0
MFinal - 4 10 -10 19

4 10 10 19

54
 A 2 t/m B 16 t C

I 6 2I 8
4 10 10 19

14.5 19
10
7
4
32
- 9
-- -
+ + +
2
BMD 17.5 55
 14.5 19
10
7
4
32
- 9
-- -
+ + +
BMD 2

Free Body Diagram 17.5

4 2 t/m 10 10 16 t 19

6 8
56
Free Body Diagram 17.5
12 t 10 10
4 2 t/m 16 t 19

6 8
6t 6t 8t 8t
1t 1t 1.125 t 1.125 t

5t 7t 6.875 t 9.125 t
57
 12 t
2 t/m 16 t

6 8
5t 7t 6.875 t 9.125 t
5 6.875

+ +

- -
SFD
7 9.125 58
Summary
Solution Steps :
Fixed End Moment FEM
Relative Stiffness RS
Distribution Factor DF
Table :
Fixed End Moment
Distribution Moment
Carry Over Moment
Distribution Moment 59
Summary
Fixed End Moment FEM
w
P
wL 2 w L2
L 20 L 30
PL
8 P
w P b a2
P a b2
L L2 a b L2

2
L
wL
60
12
Summary
Relative Stiffness RS

= 4 EI
K = Ko
L
= 3 EI
K = 3/4 Ko
L
Sym
= 2 EI K = 1/2 Ko
L
Anti-Sym
= 6 EI K = 3/2 Ko
L 61
Summary
Distribution Factor DF
1
3 1
1+2+3

3 1

1+2+3 6
1 2
2
2
1+2+3
1
62
3
Summary
Table :

DF
FEM
DM
COM
DM
MFinal

63
Questions
64