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0% found this document useful (0 votes)
355 views27 pagesTest 2 PDF
Uploaded by
Natalia VajdaCopyright
© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF or read online on Scribd
65 MINUTES, 52 GUESTIONS
may accompany the passage.
Questions 1
passage.
\0 are base the following
‘This passage s fom Dal Hie, Balzac and the Lite
Chinese Seamstress, © 200 by Alfred A, Knap.
(English translation Copyright© by Ina ike 2001)
“The events portrayed take plac during the
(Cutural Revolution in China Two boys the
narrator and his fier Luo, have recently
boon sent bythe goverment toa remote
village 0 work a laborer ax part oftheir
“re-education.” Te sated gol ofthe Cultural
Revolution wast prsere “rue” Communist
deol inthe country by purging remnants
‘of eapitalst and rational elements from
Chinese soe and w re-Impose Maoist
‘hought as the dominant ideology within the
Party:
The vag headman sat cross legged in
the centre ofthe room, close tothe coals
Dburingin a hearth tht was hollowed out
ine ofthe Noor he was inspecting my violin.
13) Among the possessions brought to this
‘mountain lage by the wo “ity youths? —
which was how they aw Luo and me—it
‘wasthe sole tem da: exuded an air of
Torelgnness, of vliation, and therefore
20) aroused suspicion.
(One ofthe peasans came forward with
an lamp to facta identification ofthe
READING TEST
‘Tum to Section 1 of your answer sheet to answer the questions In this section,
Directions: Following each ofthe passages (or pals of passages) below are questions about
the passage or passges). Read each passage carefully. Then, select the best answer for
1h question based on what Is stated In the passage (or pateages) and in any eraphics that
strange object. The headman held the vol
upright and peered into the black interior of
the body ke an oficious customs offer
Searching fr drugs Ralsing the violin o
eye level he shookit as though convinced
something would drop out ofthe sound
hols. His Investigation wat so enthusiastic
was afraid the strings would break.
Just about everyone inthe vila had
‘come to the house on sits way up onthe
‘mountain to witness the arrival ofthe clsy
‘youths. Men, women and children swarmed
Inside the ramped room, clung tothe
‘windows, jostled each other by the doot.
‘When nothing fell out of my voi, the
Iheadman held his nse oer the sound holes
and sifed long and hard
sill no cles.
He ran hiscalloused fingertips over
fone string then another... The sange
resonance froze theexowd 3 ifthe sound
hhad won some sort of respect.
“It’s atoy,”said the headman solemnly
is verdict let us speechless. Lo andt
exchanged furtive, amon lances, Things
wore not ooking good
‘One peasant ook the “toy” fom the
hheadman's hands, drummed with his fat on
sack, then passed itt the next man. For
while my von circulated through the cow
‘and woo fal, skinny, exhausted and
ale city youths were ignored, We had
(60 ON TO THE NEXT PAGE.
=
o
rr
2
w
C
r
o
Ps
a
re
te PRACTICE TEST 2
(45) been tramping across the mountains all day,
and our clothes faces and hae were streaked
‘wth mud. We looked like pathetic ite
‘eactionay sors froma propaganda fm
ter their capture by ahorde of Communist
2) farm workers.
“Astupid toy” @ woman commented
hoarsels
“No,” the vilage headman corrected her,
“abourgeois to.”
(58) felt chilled the bone despite the fre
blazing inthe entre ofthe room,
“A oy fom the city” the headman
continue, "goon, burnt”
His command galvanized the crowd.
(5) veryne started talking at once, shouting
and reaching ot to grab the toy forthe
privilege of thong ton the coals
“Comrade is musical instrument,” Lio
sald as casually as he could, “and my friend
(cs) here's fine musician. Truly”
‘The headman called forthe violin and
looked ir aver nce more.
“Then hehe itout tome,
"Forgive me. comyade," sid
(a0 embarrased, but Tm not that good.”
saw La ng me a sureptiious wink
Puszld,Itookmy voli and st about
toning
“What you ae about ta hea, comrade is
(75) 4 Mozart sonata" Luo announced s cooly
asbetore
{was dumbiounded. Had he gone mad?
‘All musi By Mozart ot indeed by any other
‘Western composer had been banned years
(50) ago. In my soden shoas ny fet turned to
foe. | shivered asthe cold tightened its grip
"what's sonata” the headman asked
way
(a5) “I don't knw faltered. “e's Western.”
song”
“More or les.” Lreplid evasively.
oo
os
aw
a1
o
that instant the glint ofthe vant
‘Communist resppeared inthe headman’'s
eyes and his vlee tured hos
“what's the name of ths song of yous?”
Well’ ke a song, but actualy t's.
“Ym asking you what i's called!” he
snapped, xing me wit his gaze.
“Mozart.” muted,
Mozart what?
Mozart ie Thinking of Charman Mao,”
Lao broke in
‘The audacity But it worked: as ithe had
heard something miraculous, the headman's
‘menacing look softened. He crinkled up his
‘yes in a wie, beats
“Mozart thinks of Mao all he ime," he
ald
“Indeed al the time” agreed Luo.
‘As soon a8 Thad dghtened my bow
there was a burs of applause, but Twas
sill nervous. However, a ran my swollen
‘Angers over the sings, Morar’ phrases
‘cae floding back to me ke so many
faithful fiends. The peasants’ faces, $0
‘imamoment before softened under
the Influence of Mozar’limpld musi ike
parched earth under a shower, and then,
{nthe dancing light of he oll lamp, they
blurted into one
Tplayed for some ime, Luo it cgarete
and smoked quietly, ke aman.
‘This ws ou rat ate of e-education
‘Lis was eighteen years old. was seventeen
(60 ON TO THE NEXT PAGE. y
o
1
Until she narrator plays the von the
villagers regard it ciety as
(0) a dangerous weapon
(@) a wondrous slimst magical device
(©) something alien
(0) a wadtionl Chinese musical instrument
What word most acarately describes how
‘he narrator views th villages?
() bourgeois
(8) materialistic
(© reactionary
(©) uncivilized
The narrator say, “Tngs were not ooking
00d" ines 37-3) because
(@) theheadman doesnt understand how
delicate the violins, and so the narrator
and Lo areata that he might
accidentally breakit
(@) thebeadman has lscovered the uth
bout the vilin—that it's toy—and
luo and the namtor are afraid that he
‘will kep it for hinslf
(©) the headman ha just concluded that the
violin sa toy, and therefore something
regarded as bourgeois
(©) Luoand the marrtorbeiove that he
‘eadman’s werd about the violin
suggests that he bas total control ofthe
village
‘The woud cooly ast use in ine 75 most
easly means
A sybishty
® calmly
(©) arrogantly
(D) resgnoaty
‘eal
‘Whats the most likely reason thatthe
villager inthe crowd regard burning the
lin asa “pleye” line 02/1
(A) They believe that the person who
ostzoys the violin willbe richly
rewarded bythe headman.
(B) They se it as an honor to be the person
who destoys.a symbol of bourgeois
decadence.
(©) They believe that the person who
estoys the violin al be Bikey to
‘become the next headin,
() They believe that the person who
destroys the violin wl be rewarded in
the after,
‘What isthe mos ely reason that Lo gives
the naratr “a sureptitious wink” (line 7)t
(A) To reassure the naratorthatit is alight
Its violin playing sno very good
(@ To ndleateto the naratr that he has
plan, and tat the narator should go
slong with
(©) To remind the naratr tha they should
be loyal Communists.
(D) To warn the naratr that they ae ina
very dificl station,
‘The fact hat the narrator “ook (his violin
and set about tuning (ines 72-73) after
so had winked a him suggests thatthe
(A) as no dea tll what Lito was trying to
‘communicate to him by winking atm
(©) wants to distract the attention of the
lagers
(© ‘rusts is friend even though he doesnot
understand hls plan
(©) isannoyed wi Luo for tying o involve
him ina duplicitous plan
o
is
vo
ry
=
ry
°
&
a
<
a
a
(60 ON TO THE NEXT PAGE
(es) PRACTICE TEST 2
‘The most key eason that the narrator
calals “The audacity” ine 10) that
(A) he believesitis audacious of Luo to
imerrup wien the headman is waling
fora reply fom the narrator
(@) he thinks that making upa song ide
called Mozart Thinking of Charman
Mao shows lisrespect fr one of the
eet Westem classical composers
(©) he thinks tat making upa song tide
shows disrespect othe headman
(©) he think itis very bold of Lo to make
‘up a song til ealed Mozart is Thinking
2f Chairmax Mao because the headman
‘could have reacted angrily and sad that
the narrator and Luo were trying to trick
him
‘The author males us ofl ofthe following
except
(parody
(@) description of deals
(©) abulding up of wension in the narrative
©) simile
‘canbe infra from the fact that Lo
“smoked quit ikea man" inline 119 shat
(A) be s word about what will happen
‘when the narrator stops playing the
Morar son
(@) es planning another way to foo the
allible heatman
() bois justi satsed with himsel for
orchestrating daring and sucess
plan to gainthe favor ofthe villagers
(©) he realizes that he as been accepted
8 alleged alt member of the
village
Oo
Question 11-20 are bated on the following
passage.
“This passage is rom Invng Kristo, Reflections ofa
Neoconservtive, © 1983 by ving Kristol
‘Toughout history, artists and witers
have been candidly contemptuous of
‘commercial ctv between consenting
Line adults, regeingitasan activity that tends
6) to coarsen and trivlize the human spr.
And since bourgeois soley was above all
‘sea commercial society—the frst in all of
ecoed history in which the commercial
‘ethos was sovereign overall others—their
(1 exasperation was bound o be all the more
acute Later on, the term “pilistnisn” would
‘emerge to encapsulate this sentiment.
“Though a commercial socety may offer
ania and writers all sorts of desirable
(03) things—freedom of expresion especially,
popularity and affluence occasionally—it
{id and does) deprive them ofthe status
‘hat they naturally feel themselves ended
to, Artists and waters and thinkers always
120 have taken themaelves tobe Very Important
People, and they are outraged by a socety
‘hat merely tolerates them, no matter how
generously.
‘Acommerial soley, society whose
125 elullzaion i shaped by market transactions,
|salway key to reflect the appetites and
preferences of common men and women.
ach may not have mich money bu there
are so many of them that her astes are
(90 decisive. Artists and intellectual ee this a8
an inversion ofthe natural order of things,
since it gives "vulgarity," the power to
dominate where and when ean. By their
very nature “lit” (as one now sa),
(85) they bellve that acilizaton should be
shaped by am aristocracy to which they wil os
@
be organically attached, no mater how
perously.
In sum, intellectuals and arts willbe
(as hey have been) restive ina bourgeois
capitalist socery. The popularity of
romantiism nthe erry alter 1750
testifies to this fac, asthe artists led an
"inner emigration” ofthe sprit—which,
however, left dhe actual wold unchanged,
Bu otal such restienes found rehige
In escapism, Rebellion was an alternative
route, asthe emergerce of various socialist
Dllosophies and movements early inthe
‘ineteenth century drmonstrated
Socialism (of whatsver kind ia romantic
passion that operates within a rationalist
framework Itaims toconsruct a human
‘community in which everyone places the
‘common good—s defined, necesaely by
an intelectual and moral elite—before his
‘own individual interests and appetites. The
Intention was not new—there isha religion
‘nthe word that has led to preach and
expound i. What was new was th bell
that such self denial could be realized,
not through voluntary circumscription
of individual appetites, bu even while the
aggregate of human appetites was being
Increasingly satisfied by ever-growing
material prosper. “Slentife" socialism
‘romised to remove the confit between,
actual and potentially deal human nature by
‘creating an economy of such abundance that
appetite a a social fore would ast were,
wither aay.
Behind thls promise, of ours, ws the
profound bei that modem science
Including the social stences, and especially
Including stentite economics would
saually but ineluctably provide humanity
with modes of control over nature (and
human nature, oo) hat woul permit the
‘modern word radically to transcend all
Oo
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se ee
SS ee
Papoose ihe aa
{nen ad pene Tens
Se ape
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‘Sheen rng ew" meso
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‘The assertion made in ines 1-8 that
“Throughout history, artists and writers
have been candidly contemptuous of
‘commercial activity between consenting
adults, regarding it as an adv that ends
to coasen and tive the human spin”
ul be best strengthened by
(A) evidence supporting the assertion
(@) anerplanation ofthe word “candidly”
Aine2)
(©) fuller definition of“arss and writers”
ine)
(©) anexplanation ofthe tom “commercial
activity dine 3),
“
S
rr
Ss
w
o
7
a
Ps
«
rs
| eee PRACTICE TEST 2
“The phrase “beween consenting adults" 15,
(ines 3-4) isused vo
(4) exclude commercial activity thats
forced upon a person o is necesary
forthe person's survival from the sort
‘of commensal aetsity that artist nd
writers hae contempt for
remind the eader that all meaning
activity of any sort is benseen fee adults
(© suggest thar neat adults if given
the freedom todo so, resist the ure to
engage n commercial activity
(D) suggest that bourgeois society, more
than any oter, depends on the ieely 16.
five consent of adults
©
According to he author, the erm
“phlisinism” fine 11) arose because
(A) artists and writers became aware
‘tha they would increasingly have to
partipatein commercial aesivites
(@) artists and writers became increasingly
frustrated end annoyed as society
‘became more commercial and bourgeois
(© anew wore had tobe found refer
to the new commercial ethos that was
‘emerginginthe eighteenth century
(D) antists and writers needed a word to
conveniently describe their changing
‘len bourgeois society
Inline 90 deste most nearly means
(a) beyond doubt
©) vital
{© having the power to decide
(©) characterized by decision and firmness
0
According to the authors socary became
‘more commercial
(A) amit and writers became increasingly
constrained in thelr range of subjects
artists and writers generally tended
‘follow this trend! and inreasingly
‘worked only for nancial reward
Ass and writes became relatively
pore as compared people who
‘werent atts or waters
®
(D) the sats of artists and writers became
lower
Which of the following best desribes the
authors atte about the tastes of common
:men and women becoming predominant in
‘commercial soclery?
(A) Unhappiness cat higher art and
literature a wells other intellects!
pursuits have boon devalued in
‘commercial society.
(B) Resignation to an unfortunate turn of
vents in istry
(©) Celebration that a st the voices of,
common men and women are being
heard.
() Anon-committal atte a to whether
this sa favorable or unfavorable
development
According tothe author, romantics
(A) led to the eration of socialist
philosophies and movements
(@) culminated in rebellions nthe eaty
rineteenth century
() had no effect onthe real world
(©) was most popular among common men
snd women ater 1750, 18, Which choice provides the best evidence for
‘the answer tothe previous question?
(lines 1-5 (Throughout. spit")
(@) nes 41-45 The... unchanged”)
(© lines 51-53 Sods. framework")
() lines 72-81 Bebind natal")
19, “Appetite asa social ore would, ast were,
wither away” ines 70-71) means
(A) the desire of indduals to have and do
what they ik wel radually cease to
have an effect onthe neture of soclesy
(®) common men ad women would no
longer regard theconsumpton of gods
and services as lgtimate
(©) individual taste would gradually be
‘determined by ilviduals rather than by
ody
(0) society would gradually come to realize
‘that individual appetites eannot be
controlled by intel and moral
elites
20. Inline 98 disinterestlly most nearly means
(4) without genuine merest
(©) genuinely
(C) imparcily and nt motivated by set
interest
(©) with no emotion
o o )
(Questions 21-81 are based on the following
passages.
Passage 1 from Samuel , Huntington, “The
Clash of Cvilzations?” © 193 by the Count
‘on Foreign Relations, Inc. Passage 2 is om
[Albert L. Weeks, "Do Cvilzations Hold © 1993
by Albert. Weeks,
PASSAGE
(vlzaton denty willbe increasingly
Imporantin the furure, and the word willbe
shaped in large measure by the interactions
Lune among seven or eight mor civilizations,
(@) These include Wester, Confucian, Japanese,
|slamie, Hind, Slvi-Orthodor, Latin
“American, and possibly Aican ciliztion
‘The most important confles ofthe future
‘wll occu along the estural out tines
(an separating these civilizations from one
‘nother. Why wil this be the caset
Prt, differences among civilizations are
not only rea: they re base. Clilzaions
ste dferentated fom each other by
a5) history language culture, tradition and,
‘most important, religion. The people
of ferent eluiirations have diferent
‘ews on the relations between God and
‘man, the individual nd the group, the
2) clizen an the state, parents and children,
husband and wife, as wel as difering
views of the relative Importance of rights
and rsponsibilie,Hberty nd authority,
‘equality and hierarchy. These ferences are
(25) the produet of centuries. They will not soon
isappese. They ae far more fundamental
‘than diferences among political deologies
and polica regimes. Differences do not
necessarily mean conflict, and confet,
(2m does not necessary mean violence. Over
‘the centuries, however, diferences among
60 ON TO THE NEXT PAGE
Wve eee ae ee er)
a PRACTICE TEST 2
a
clulizations have generated the most
prolonged and the mos violent conflict.
‘Second the world is becoming a smaller
place. The interactions beeen peoples of
dierent cviizations are increasing: these
increasing neractionsintcnsify ciliztion
‘onsclousnessand awareness fifferences
between cvilistions and commonalities
‘within evlizagons, Enhanced civilization
‘consciousness of peopl, in turn, invigorates
ferences and animostes stretching or
‘thought to ret back deep int history,
‘Third the process of economic
‘modetnizaton and social change throughout
the world ar separating people rom
longstanding lea identities. Tey also
weaken the naion state asa source of
‘entity. In much ofthe word eigon
has moved in fil this gap, often in
the form of movements that are labeled
“fundamental.” Such movements are
found in Wester Christianity, dal,
‘Buuddhism, end Hindus, a well asin
Islam. In mostcountries and most religions
‘he people acti in fundamentalist
‘movements are young, colegeeducated
rmiddle-ass technicians, professionals, and
business persons. The “unseeularzaion of
the world," George Weigel has remarked,
“is one of the dominant social fects of se
Inthe late ewertiets cena.” The revival
of raligon... provides a basis for identity
‘and commitment tht transcends nation
boundaries and units evilzations
Fourth, the powth of eiization-
consciousness enhanced by the dual ole
ofthe [Link] the one hand, the West
Isata peak of ower Atthe same tie,
however, and perhaps as 2 esult a return to
the rots phenamenon is occurring among
‘non-Western e\izations. Increasingly one
hears references to tends toward a tuning
o
Inward and *Aslanlaation” in Japan the end
(29 ofthe Nehrs legacy and the “Hindulzaton
of India, the fllre of Wester ideas of
socialism and nationalism and hence
“re slamization’ ofthe Middle ast A West
atthe peak ofits power confronts non- Wests
(a that increasingly have the dese, the will
and the resources to shape the word in
non-Western ways
PASSAGE?
Huntinglon's classification dents
eterminants on a rand sale by
(a3 “evllzations.” His endeavor, however, has
‘fale lines, The ines ae the borders
encompassing each distinct nation state and
mercilessly chopping the alleged cilzstlons
into pieces. With the cultural and religions
(1) glue of these “eivilzaions thin and cracked,
With the nation state's pola repime
roving the principal bonds, eriscross
‘hacturing and cancellation of Huntington's
macto-sae, somewhat anachronistic fault
(9 lines are inevitable
“The world remains fractured along
political and posibly geopolitical ines:
cultural and historical determinants are @
seat dea less vital and virulent. Poles,
(100 regimes, and ideologies ae culturally,
historically and “ciiiatonaly” determined
to an extent. But itis will, day-to-day,
ctisis-o-ess, war-to wa political decision.
_making by nation-state nts that remains
(109 the singe most identifiable determinant
‘ofevens inthe interatonal arena, How
else can we explain repeated nation
state “defections rom thle collective
“civlizations"t As Huntington himself points
(0 out, in the Persian Gulf War “one Arab state
lnveded another and then fought a coalition
of Ata, Wester, and ther sates”
60 ON To THE NEXT PAGE ry
‘Raymond Aron éeserbed atlngth the
primacy ofa nation state's polial integrity
(418 and independence, ts inviolable trrkoriality
‘and sovereign impermeability. He observed
that “men have believed hat the fate of
cultures was at tale on the atti at
he same ime asthe fate of provinces.” But,
(10) headed, the fact remains that sovereign
states “are engagedin a competition for
power [and] conquests... In our times the
:major phenomenon (onthe international
‘scendistheheterojeneityofstate unis
‘225 not supranational aggregations.”
o
2.
21. The erm “cura fal nes in
suggests that
(A) ike geological continental plates,
clellizatons are distinct from each other,
‘nd sometimescolide
(B) ike geologea continental plates,
ivilzations arereatively table wth
Iitde meaning interaction between
them
(6) future eiviiztiena confit wl occur in
ess dificult predict,
(©) eivizations are subject othe same laws
asall natural processes, such as those
‘governing the roverent ofthe Earth's
tectone plates
9)
22, The word bas ats used in ine 13 most
early means
@) important
© cdistinee
(©) fundamental
(©) elementary
The author of Passage 1 would be most likely
to agree withthe statement that,
(9 ferences between cultures natty
sways lead to confctbenseen these
cules
(B) most people in the word identify more
strongly with the religion they belong to
‘han the poltieal party they belong 0
(© thediering values of people of diferent
civlizatons are more supericial than s
generally believed
(©) itis not possible to make meaning
‘generalizations about the morl and
‘other values ofthe word's seven or eight
major clusions
What would the author of Passage | most
key consider tobe the most important
Implication ofthe statement, “Over he
centuries, however, diflerences among
ivlzations have generated the ost
prolonged and the most violent conflicts"
ines 30-33%
(A) Ditlerences among civilizations rather
than iffering pliial deologies are
likely to cause serious future confit in
‘he world.
(@) Allfutureconfies among civizations
‘willbe violent and long lasing.
(©) Differences among cilzations cause
‘wars of great destruction, but these wars
serve, paradoxically to purify and thus
strengthen civilizations
(©) There will ukimetey be a major conflet,
bbenween lhe major ciilzations of the
world resulting in the destruction of ll
but one of them.
ee ae ae ee ery
60 ON To THE NEXT PAGE PRACTICE TEST 2
25
2%
‘Thoauthor of Passage | would mostliely 27.
agree that
(Wy the growth of trans-national companies
[shel to sharply reduce the likelihood
of conifer besoen caizations
(@) thewide aalbity ofthe World
Wide Web has lessened, though not
liminated the MkelIhood of major
civilizations confit
(© theincreased frequency ofarge
‘movements of people between nations
belonging fferent civilizations has
talsed the telnood of confer between
ivliations
(©) theavallabity and afordabiry
of mode sir transport has, most 2
important, fostered understanding
between people of diferent ciizations
‘According othe author of Passage 1,
‘many young well-educated technilans,
professional end business persons around
‘the word are timing to religion beeause
(A) soca change in many counties bas
brought more peopeinto contact with
the major world religions
(@ economic end technological 2.
‘modemization in poorer countries has
‘ven peopl greater leisure, and thus
young people have mote opportunity to
pursue diferent spiral paths
(© young people in apy developing
‘counties blive that identiying with
a major word religion will make them
‘more atracive as employees to mult
national ompanies
(©) they identity less strongly with their
local raditons and nation, and so
seek deni in religion especialy in
fundementilist religous movements
0
(4) believes that Raymond Aron i correct in
his statement that"men have belleved
at heat of cultures was at stake on
the battlefields atte ame ime as the
fate of provinces”
(@) believes thatthe term “ilzation”is
‘irwaly synonymous withthe term
() asserts that deologles develop
Independently of eviizations
(©) suggests that nation-states almost never
ct to undermine the “viizaton' to
hie they belong,
“The author of Passage 2
‘The author of Passage 2 says “Polite,
regimes, and ideologes are culturally,
historia. an‘cliztionally determined
to an extent” ines 98-10). Inthe context of
‘the author's main argument, ths sentence is
most accurately described as,
(0 acentral thesis
(® ereasonable inference
(© aproviso
(©) aparial concession
‘The meaningof the word tela its used in
line 98 most nearly means
essential
® tout
(©) allot energy
(©) infventiad 31
o
30. The author of Passage | would be most likely
to respond to the example ofthe Persian
(Gulf War ct in Pssege 2 ines 110-112)
by saying that
(A) there will continue to be cass in which
nation-states act ginst the interest of
the cvllzation towhichthey belong,
‘bu the moresigaifcant trend efor
ivlzationalloyay to take precedence
over loyalty tothe nation state
(@) mos ofthe Arab sates involved inthe
Persian Gulf War owe thei allegiance
primarily to dhe West, not to Islamic
civilization
() the arab sates hit allied themsctves
withthe West inthe Persan Gulf War
were forced 1 doso fr large ge
political and ecoromic reasons that
transcend cilzaonal conces
(©) cvllzationalloyaty cannot be asessed
bythe amount ofinta-clvilizational
aggression that occurs
‘The author of Passage? mos Ikely
‘pur quotation mark ound the word
‘lulzaionsin ine 850
(49 suggest that tis wry possible that what
Huntington defins as evlizatons ate
ot in actuality czations
(0) make clerthathis definition
of evilaation i mot the same ss
Huntington's
(© suggest he term dvllztion has no
meaning atall
(©) expres his seo or scholars wh use
Important terms carelessly
‘Questions $2-41 are based onthe following
passage.
‘This passage is from Milton Friend, Why bother
abou life dsease® US. Geological Survey
(crear M01, 2014
‘What ae zoonotes The common
icdonary definition nsclentfejumnals
ind media coverage of zoonotic disease
Line conveys thelimited concept of infectious
1) disease ransmisible from animals to
humans. However, that perspective
|sinadequate. Zoonotic diseases
‘multidimensional and ecologically complex,
‘as are many of the pathogens involved. Like
am tose pathogens, the definition of zoonosis
has fllowed an evolutionary path. Here, It
Is sulficlen to recognize that 200n0 are
Infectious diseases transmissible between
‘vertebrate animals and humans and vice
(48) vers. In edition, the animal component
hasan sential role in maintaining the
pathogen in nature for diseases transmitted
‘tw humans; for example, foxes and rabies,
Humans serve that same role for diseases
20) being ransmited to lower vertebrates for
‘example, measles and great apes. These
revelations have direct amafcations for
‘wife conservati
“The general importance of zoonoses for
(25) humanity has waxed and waned over ime in
concert with changing conditions inching
‘changes inthe numberof human eases and
(or) exposures associated with enzootic
areas, such a ehrone disease presence
(0) and activity levels, for specfc zoonoses
The occurrence of malar epiootes oF
epidemics involving the expansion of
established geographle range for specie
iseases and (ot the appearance of “new”
(28 zoonoses within a geographic area is also of
(60 ON TO THE NeXT PAGE
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©
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ret concer. abies sa well established
2o0nosls and, excep for anthrax perhaps
‘hemes eae zoonosis to confront
humans. The frst recorded deserintion of
(4 canine rabies ates back to about 50
Rabies is an important zoonosis in much
ofthe word, because death the outcome
(once linia igs appear. Human deaths
feo rabies area nthe United Stats,
(49) butthe diseases diagnosed annually
{nll and other animals where it
continues to cause periodic epzootes.A
‘recent major rabies epizoti that occured
mong raccoons inthe mid-Adante and
(60) northeester United Sates lustrates that
‘even a zoonosh of antiqulty ean reassert is
prominence inthe moder ea as eallenge
forbumans and wife ake.
‘Throughout history, zoonoses also
(69) have been the ause of humanity at local,
reglonal and gobal levels. Globally, an
‘estimated 200-50 milion people were
slckened during the 1917-19 HIN influenza
virus “Spanish fu” pandeme, more than
20 million of whom died. The specter of
‘that pandemiecontibuted greatly othe
precedente global response following
‘the 1987 diagnsses of highly pathogenic
HNL avian inluenza viru in Asia and the
(65) subsequent sped ofthat irs throughout
much of Asia and Europe,
‘The emergence of highly pathogenic
HSN isjust one of numberof recent
Emerging Infetius Diseases (E1Ds) that
(70 have wildlife ss, including numerous
iseases that have cause epizotis of
‘reat concer or society. The World Health
‘Organization ported hat n 2006, 39:5
milion people were currently infected with
(28) HIVIAIDS worldvide and that forthe next
year alone (207), 18 billion dollars would be
2
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needed to prevent future HIV transmission
and provide care for those already infected,
|Amriad of other emerging zoonoses
(20 followed HIVIAIDS to the headlines of major
newspapers aswell as serving as subject
‘matter for major media venues ofall ype
These dsesses have also become a major
focus for sciemifc investigations and the
(88) development of specialized programs and
‘cities to addres them
Some emerging zoonoses cause major
‘economic impacts for agieulture because
‘oftheir presence in food production species
such a pouluy (HSN) and swine (Nipah
virus) For example, the highly pathogenic
NI avian influenza virasthat appeared
‘Asia duting 197 and reached 5 counties
by early 2010 caused bilions of dollars in
(88 losses fo the poultry industries of those
countries, West Nile virus (WNV) alo stands
‘out because of ts ograpespread across
the United States and within North America
following the 1999 Neve York City index cases
(20) involving human fatalities, fatal cases in
horses, andthe thousands and thousands of
‘wild birds led
‘Threats from ElDs are unlkey to
decrease, because the ever-changing
(405 relations between humans and the
‘environment area mar factor ding
lisease emergence. The separation between
the relevance ofoonoee o wildlife
‘management and conseration and to puble
(110 heath sues has igi exstedin the past,
bbuthas been greatly eroded by the current
wave of EIDs many of which are zoonoses.
Further, the great costs of zoonoses for
Soclery demand that these diseases be
(119. aggressvey dealt wit, For example, of
the 868 zoonoses identified atthe str of
the 216 century, a evew of $f them
2 Oo
revealed approximatdy25 bilo cases of
human illness and 27 milion human deaths
(120 worldwide per year
‘The “Rebirth” of Zoonoses
‘spent pacha ese agg
2. According tothe author
(A the effects of zoonoses on human beings
have remained elatvely consistent
tough human History
(@) zoonoses have had litle effect on human
series
(© 200n0s08 have ofen been the decisive
factor inthe extinction of iilzations
(©) theeffects of o0n0%es on human
beings have varied considerably through
human history
w.
es
36.
‘Which choice provides evidence for the
answer othe previous question?
(A) “Zoones
@ “The
(©) “Human
(©) “Ampried.
Involved.” tines 7-9)
oonoses." (ines 24-30)
eplezootis.” dines 43-47)
types" (lines 78-82)
‘The author probably puts the word new in
‘quotation marks ine 3) to show that
(every appearance ofa zoonosis involves
‘neti new pathogen
(B) experts have not been abe to determine
any given recent zoonosis is diferent
ftom previous ones
(©) while given zoonosis might be new toa
particular geographic area ts probably
hot new to arth
() zovotie dteases are a eatvely recent
‘Phenomenon inhuman history
‘The term epizotis ast is used inline 31
most neatly means
(A) diseases harbored in
transmitted to animals
(@) alldeensesaecting animals
(©) diseases in animals hat occur ata
eater than expected rate
(©) epidemics that are caused by pathogens
hhrbored in animals and transmitted
umans
uma that ean be
According to the information provided inthe
passage, rables
(ay Ssmalntaned in nature by animals
(@) afects only domesticated animals
(©) isno longora threat 1 human fe
(D) cannot be transmitted from an animal to
human
a
me
a
i
=
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co
a
a
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a
SS... PRACTICE TEST 2
mn.
2.
2.
®
Which of the fillowings a reasonable 0.
{inference thatean be made from the
information given inthe passaget
(A) Most new zoonoses are the result ofthe
‘evolution af an entiey new pathogen
(B) Pathogens involved ina zoonosis never
‘move outside thee geographic area of
origin.
(© Theemergence ofan entirely new
pathogen hat causes diseases in animals
‘that ab ransmited to humans is
relatively rare,
(D) Scientists have been unable to identify
the pathorens involved in most
‘The word speter sits used inline 60 most
nearly means
(A) apparition
(8) haunting mage
(© effect
(D) repetition
\Wiich ofthe flowing could we reasonably
{nfer tobe one ofthe "amiieations for
wllife conservation” ines 2-29)
(A) Authorities acting to prohibit al but
the most esenil interactions between
animals ad humans
(B) Willie censervations coming to realre
‘that eventually all vertebrates except
imans wll become extinct.
(© Authorities acting to outlaw the use of
{domestic animals to produce food for
-human consumption
(D) Biologistsand other specialists more
closely mentoring iterations beween
Jhamans and animals.
@
Inthe igure on page 138 the arows indicate
that
(A) allzoonoses move firs from humans to
‘domestic enimals, ten from domestic
animals to aif, an nally fom
‘wld back to humans
(®) iccannot be determined whether
pathogens in humans move to wildlife
and domestic animals orice versa
(©) zoonoses can move fom any ofthe
‘thre categories fife shown to any
other category
(©) zoonoses move n one drection (eg,
from burns to wildlife) while tthe
‘same ime pathogens that cause them
‘move in the othe direction (eg, fom
‘wife to humans)
Specialists interested in learning how
‘zoonotic diseases are spread would probably
be east Interested In observing activities st
(a 2008
) petsops
(© farms
(0) supermarkers oO
‘Questions 42-52 are basedon the following
passage.
The following passages ron Ales de Tooqueile,
Democracy in Ameren rarsated rom French into.
English by Henry Reeve and orginally published in
15, Ales de Tocqueville was a French writer and
stor tothe United States.
‘hod itt be a detestable maxim that,
politely speaking the people have aight
todo anything: and yet Ihave asserted that,
tine all authority originates inthe wil ofthe
9 majority. Am, then, in contradiction with
myselt
‘A general law, which bears the name of
justice, has been made and sanctioned, not
‘only by a majority ofthis o that people,
(an) but by majorg of rankind. The rights of
every peopl are therefore confined within
‘he limits of what fost. nation may be
‘considered a a jury which is empowered
to represent society large and to apply
(a5 justice, which its law, Ought such jury,
which represents socky, to have more
‘power than the soe self whose aws it
executes?
‘When [refuse to obey an unjust aw,
(20) do no contest the right ofthe majority to
‘command, but simpy appeal from the
sovereignty of the people to the sovereignty
‘of mankind, Some hae not fered to
asser that a people can never out step the
(25) boundaries of justice and reason in hove
alas which ae petri its owns and that
consoquend full power may be given othe
majority by which itis represented. Bu this
isthe language ofa sve.
(90) majority taken eletvey fs only an
Individual whose opinions, and fequently
‘whose interests, are opposed to those of
another individ, who i syed a minority.
tbe admited that aman possessing
(95) absolute power may misuse that power by
\wronginghis adversaries wy should nota
‘majority be lable to the same reproach Men
donot change ther characters by uniting
With one another; nor does el patience
(ao, the presence of obstacesincresse with thee
strength. [cannot believe the power to do
everthing which should refuse to one of
my equals Iwill ever gant to any number
of them,
(45) {donot think that, forthe sake of
preserving bert it is posible vo combine
Several principe in the same government
0 as realy oppose them to ane another.
‘Theform of goverment thats usally
‘5 termed mixed has always appeared to me
‘amere chimera. Accurately speaking, here
Iso such thing sa mixed government
inthe sense usually gven to that word,
‘because in all communities some one
principle of action may be discovered which
‘reponderats over the others. England
‘nthe eighteenth century which hasbeen
especialy ited as an example of thls ort of
government, was essentially an arstocratie
eo) sate, although it comprised some great
elements of democracy fo the laws and
customs ofthe county were sch thatthe
aristocracy could not but preponderate
Inthelong run and diet public afais
(4s) according its own wl
am therefore ofthe opinion tht socal
power superior tall others must always be
placed somewhere: bt think that iberty
‘sendangered wen this power finds na
(2 obstacle which can retard is course and give
time to moderate ts own vehemence.
Unlimited power sin sea bad and
dangerous thing, Hunan beings are not
competent to exercise it with discretion.
(75) There sno power on earth so worthy of
PRACTICE TEST 2 PRACTICE TEST 2
2
2.
0
ono nse elothed with rights so 2.
sacred that I wold admits uncontrolled
and al-predominant authority. When I see
that the right andthe means of absolute
‘command are conferred on any power
‘whatever, be tele people ora king en
aristocracy or democracy, a monarchy or
republic, say there ithe germ of anny,
nd I seekto lv elsewhere, under other
tas,
‘The main eof the present democratic
instutlons ofthe United States doesnot
site, a oftenasserted in Europe, from
‘thelr weakness, but fom thet iresistible
strength. am net so much alarmed a the
‘excesive liberty which rlgns in that country
ss atthe inadequate securities which one
finds there agairst tyranny, ian individual
ora partys wroged in the United State, 10
‘whom ean he spl for redrest If to public
opinion, public pinion constitutes the 4.
majority to the legislature, represents
the majority andimplicity obeys ito
the executive power, its appointed by
‘the majority andserves asa pasive ool
ints hands. The publi force consists of
‘the majority under arm the jury isthe
_malorit invested with the right o hearing
Judicial cases ard in certain states even the
judges are elctd by the majority. However
Inlgultous or absurd the measute of which 4g,
you complain, you must submit tt aswell
asyoucan,
‘The word sanctaned st used in ne 8
most nearly mems
(@) dissemintod
@) tolerated
(penalized
(©) offiialy approved
0
(A) the members ofa particular society
{B) all human beings
(© the member ofthe ling majoryin@
county
(©) various rypes ofhuman beings
‘The word peoplein line 9 refers
The author says,” The rights of whats
Just lies 10-12), this is true, then
(@) a person can do something unjust
:malorityof people in his or her socery
approve of it
(@) human rights vary rom socety to
soxlety
(© people donot have the right todo
something unjust
(©) people who act unjustly have no human
rights
According to the author
(9 itis possible fora majoiy to establish
an unjstlaw
(whats decided bya msjoiyin a society
is always just,
(© whatie ust cannot be decided by human
beings
(D) whatisjust an only be deeded bythe
‘members of that society or that society
‘The word principles as its used Inline 47
most nearly means
(A) standards of proper behavior
(@) basic truths
(© elements determining nena nature
and characteristic behavior
(©) fundamental assumptions Oo ° i
47, The author believes that soca power 50. The author makes use ofall ofthe follwing
superior tal others must always be placed exc
somewhere fn society (ines 68-68)
Decause he thinks that
(A) shetorical questions
(®) analogies
(A) every society i dominated by its (© examples fom history to suppor his
aristocracy argument
(@) the majority in each society wil decide (©) citations of scholarly studies to support
inere the dominant interes of the his argument
soe les
(© every societyisdaminated by single S1,_asedon whats stated inthe passage,
overfulinterest group which ofthe following would the author be
(© every society is unified around one ‘most kel to favor forthe United States?
eee (A) eletion ofthe President by a majority of
‘the popular vote
48. Which choice provides the best evidence for
(B) election of al judges by popular vote
the answer to the previous question? gs cece toes
(© abolition ofthe national army
(A) tlnes 23-26 (Some... own”) (©) appointment of judges oie arms by
(@) lines 4-87 (1. reproach? non-government body of respected
() ines 45-48 1 anothee”) lawyers, judges, and law professors
(©) ines 90-95 (1. redress?)
52. What would be the most appropri tle for
49. ‘The author bellves tat this passage?
12) once superior powers placed in the (A) The Decine of Freedom
hands ofa single group, nothing wil be (@) Tyranny by the Majority
ble to imi ts power (© The Injustices of emocracy
(8) to preserve freedom itis necessary () Democracy in Action
for there tobe some opposition tothe
dominant power group in society
(©) individual iberty not possible when
a society is dominated by single
Palneipe
(©) individual tiberty only possible when
‘socio is dominated by a powerful
minority
1 theres stit te remaining, you may review your answers.
Ce Won ae ee ey
SO PRACTICE TEST 2
© 8 6
[35 MINUTES, 44 QUESTIONS
‘Turn to Section 2 of your anewer sheet to answer the questions in this section,
‘Directions: Gusstion follow each ofthe passages below. Some questions atk you Now the ]
pastoge might te changed to Improve th expression of leas. Other queton® sek you Now the
asrage might be altered to correct erors in grammer usage, and punctuation. One or more
‘raphics accompany some passages, You wil be required to consider these araphics 9 YOU
answer questions about edting the passage.
There are tree types of questions. Inthe fist type, apart of the passage Is underined. The
second type is based ona certain part ofthe passage The Ui type i Dated on the entre
Dessoae
Read each paisage. Then, choose the answer to each question that changes the passage so tht |
‘tis consistent with the conventions of standard writen Englith, One ofthe answer cholces for |
{Cine nocorge nt pauper mney a
‘Questions 1-11 are based on the following 1. 1) NO CHANGE
‘passage and supplementary material. (B) scomprised of some of
(©) Isbeing comprised of some of
“Mercury Threatens Fish in National Park (©) comprised of some of
(11 Tee national parknetwork nthe United 2. (A) NOCHANGE
States @ is comprising some ofthe mos pristine (suggests
and sensitive wilderness in North America [2] (©) supgesting
Aditonaly, variation (up 20-0 nit (D) having suggested
speech THg concentrations within indvidval
parks @ suggest tha mor intensive sampling 3. (A) NO CHANGE
‘nsome parks wil berequlred to ffetvely {®) morality
characterize Hig contamination in western (© ethics
national pars. (3! There i concer tha ia global () laegety