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Definite Integral Evaluation Guide

This document discusses definite integrals and area under a curve. It provides examples of evaluating definite integrals for various functions between given bounds. These include integrals over parts of a curve made of lines and circles, integrals with absolute value, a shifted function, and an integral involving the absolute value of x. It also asks to find the value of an antiderivative at an upper bound given its value at a lower bound.

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Dard Tong
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© All Rights Reserved
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27 views2 pages

Definite Integral Evaluation Guide

This document discusses definite integrals and area under a curve. It provides examples of evaluating definite integrals for various functions between given bounds. These include integrals over parts of a curve made of lines and circles, integrals with absolute value, a shifted function, and an integral involving the absolute value of x. It also asks to find the value of an antiderivative at an upper bound given its value at a lower bound.

Uploaded by

Dard Tong
Copyright
© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

Definite Integration - She Loves Math [Link]

Definite Integrals and Area


Problem:  Below is th e graph of a fu n ction f , w h ich con sists of straigh t lin es, a semi-circle,
and a qu arter circle.
Evalu ate:
9 5 9 3 4

a. ∫ f (x) dx      b. ∫ f (x) dx      c. ∫ |f (x)| dx      d. ∫ (f (x) + 2) dx      e. ∫ f (x − 1) dx     


−8 9 −8 0 2
9

f. ∫ f (|x|) dx g. If F (−8) = 6 an d F is th e an tiderivative of f , fin d F (9) .


−8

Solution:  Let’s u se Geometry to figu re ou t th e area in each section ; w e’ve an n otated th e


graph above u sin g rectan gle, trian gle, an d circle area formu las.
9

a. ∫ f (x) dx:    Add u p th e areas in all th e 9 region s, u sin g n egatives for th e areas
−8
below th e x-axis:
−2 + 2 + 8 + 6.28 + 6 + 2 + (−.5) + (−3) + (−7.07) = 11.71
5

b. ∫ f (x) dx:    Add u p th e areas betw een x = 5 an d x = 9 , bu t sin ce w e’re goin g


9
“backw ards” (from 9 to 5), w e h ave to take th e opposite (n egative):
(−.5) + (−3) + (−7.07) = −10.57 − (−10.57) = 10.57
9

c. ∫ |f (x)| dx     Add u p th e absolu te valu e of th e areas in all th e 9 region s (so
−8
disregard th e n egatives):
2 + 2 + 8 + 6.28 + 6 + 2 + .5 + 3 + 7.07 = 38.85
3

d.  ∫ (f (x) + 2) dx    (Vertical Sh ift Up) Take th e area betw een x = 0 an d x = 3 (area is
0
6), an d th en imagin e th e top of it (th e y ) is tran slated u p 2 to 4.  Th u s, th e area w ou ld
be 6 + 6 = 12.

1 of 2 2/3/2020, 5:57 PM
Definite Integration - She Loves Math [Link]

e. ∫ f (x − 1) dx    (Horizon tal Sh ift to Righ t) Th e w h ole graph is sh ifted to th e righ t


2
by 1, so to get back to th e origin al graph , w e’d h ave to su btract 1 from th e u pper an d
4 3

low er bou n ds:  ∫ f (x − 1) dx = ∫ f (x) dx = 4


2 1
9

f.  ∫ f (|x|) dx (absolu te valu e of th e x): “Erase” w h at’s to th e left of th e y -axis (th e
−8
n egative x valu es) an d reflect w h at’s on th e righ t (positive x valu es), so th e fu n ction is
even . Dou ble th e area of th e positive x (n egatin g th e areas below th e x-axis), so w e
h ave:
2 [6 + 2 + (−.5) + (−3) + (−7.07)] = −5.14.
9

g.  Th is on e’s a little tricky; w e h ave to u se th e equ ation ∫ f (x) dx = F (9) − F (−8).
−8
9

 Th u s, F (9) = ∫ f (x) dx + F (−8) = 11.71 + 6 = 17.71 .


−8

2 of 2 2/3/2020, 5:57 PM

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