Article 2/2 Problems 31 PROBLEMS Introductory Problems Problems 2/1 through 2'7 treat the motion of a particle which moves abng the aaxia shown in the igure. —+8,ftorm Problems 2/1-2/7 2/1 The velocity of particle is given by v = 265i ~ 80% — 1200, where v is in feet per second and ¢ is in seconds, Plot the velocity » and avealevatien « versus time for ‘the first 6 seconds of motion and evaluate the velocity when is tere, 2/2 The position of a particle is given by s = 2¢° ~ 40x! + 200t — 50, where s is in meters and 1 is in seomds, Plot the position, velocity, and acceleration os func. tions of time far the first 12 seconds of motion. Deter- imine the ime at whieh the velocity is zor 2/5 ‘The velocity of a particle witich moves along the s-axis is given by v= 2 ~ 4¢ + 5¢!%, where f is in seconds and v isin meters per second. Evaluste the position s, ‘wolocity v, and aeceloration @ when ¢ = 3 2. The parti leis at the position 99 ~ Sm when f= 0. ‘Ans, ¢ = 22.2 m, = 15.98 m/s, a 898 mit 2/4 ‘The displacement of a particle which moves along the satis is given bys = (-2 + 309%, where sis in me ‘ters and fis in seconds, Plot the displacement, veloe- ity, ond eccelorotion vorcus time for the first 20 seconds of motion. Determine the time at which the aceoleration is zero, 2/5 The acceleration of a particle is given by a = 2¢ — 10, where a is in meters per second squared and ¢ is in pecisid Teleria sree antirlacesiahes functions of tine The nial daplacement at¢= Olt gdm and the intial veloc lug ~ 8m Ans. 8—1or+ 7 (n/a) mae se 5+ de om 2/6 ‘The acceleration of a particle is given by a ~ —ks% ‘where @ is in meters per second squared, & is a cone stant, ands is in meters. Determine the velocity of the particle as a function of its postion s, Evaluate your ceqpression for § = Smif & = 0.1 m~"s- and the initial corchitions at timef = Dares = 3m andy) = 10 mis. 2/1 The acceleration of a particle which is moving along fa straight Ine is given by a = —Bv, where @ is in meters per second squared, ¢ is 4 constant, and v is the velocity in meters per seeond. Datermine the ve- locity as a function of both time ¢ and position s: Evaluate your expressions for (= 2s and at » = 3m if = 02 mle 4? and the initial conditions at time = Oare 9) = 1m end vy ~ ms. ANS. 0 = (0g! — Jha, = [og!® — BR00 — sy” 5.98 misate = 25,0 sb mis ats 2/8 ‘The velocity of a particle moving in a straight line is, decreasing a! the rate of 3 mis per meter of displace ‘mont at an instant when the velocity is 10 m/s. Detor tine the acceleratica ¢ of the particle at this instant, 2/9 Experimental data for the motion of a particle along a straight line yield measured values of the velocity v for ‘various position coordinates 5, A smooth carve is drawn through the points as shown in the grash. De- tormine the acceleration of the particle when # ~ 20%. Ans. a= 12 Risec Problem 2/932_Chapter2 ematics of 2/10 A ball is thrown vertically up with a velocity of 80 sec at the edge of a 200-f cli. Caleulate the hight h to which the hall vizos and the total time t aller release for the ball Wy reuch the bottom of the iff: Neglect air resistance ond take the downwant acceleration lo be $2.2 Mise A i 1 4 A y 1 i 1 i i 1 1 1 | 200 1 i 1 Problem 2/10 2/11 A rocket is fred vertically up from rest. Trt is de- sigaed to maintain © constant upward acceleration, of 1.5g, calculate the time ¢ required for it to reach, an altitude of 20 kn and its velocity at that position, Ans. (= 63.9 5,1 = 940 ms 2/12 A cur emes toa complete stop from an initial speed of 30 midbr in a distance of 100 f. With the same constant acceleration, what would be the stopping. distance s from an imitial speed of 70 mishr? 2/13 Calculate the constant acceleration a in g's which the catapult of an aireraft carrior must provide to preduce a launch velocity of 180 mi/hr in a distance (of 300 ft. Assume thatthe carrier is at anchor. Ana = 281g 2/14 Totest the effects of “weightlessness” for short pari= ors of time, a test facility is designed which acceler ates a test package vertically up fiom A to B by means of a gus-activated pision and allows it to ae cond and descend from B to C to under free-fall conditions. The test chamber consists of a deep well and is evacuated to eliminete any appreciable air re- sistance. Ifa constant acceleration of 40g from A to Bis provided by the piston and if the total text tame for the “weightless” condition from B to C to B is, 10 6, exlaslate the required working height of tho chumber. Upon returning wo 8, the test packuge is recovered in a basket filled with polystyrene pellets inserted in the line of fall, ‘Test packaus Accelerator “Tonog” test facility Problem 2/14 2/15 ‘The pilot of a jot transport bringp the engines to Full, takeott pawer before releasing the brakes as the alr craft is standing on the runieay. Tho jot thrust re mins constant, abd the aircraft bas a near-constant acceleration of 0-4. If the takeoff speed is 200 kavh, calculate the distance and time’ from rest to taken Ans. 5 = 399 m,t = 14.165 2/16 A jet aircraft with a landing speed of 200 kam hus a maximum of 600 m of available runway after touch- own in which Lo reduce its ground speed to 30 inh, Compute the average acceleration @ required of the aizeraft during braking, 2/117 A pasticle traveling in a straight line oncounters a retarding force which causes its velocity to decrease ucearding to » = 200%" fee, where fis the time in ceconds during whieh the foree acts. Determine the acceleration @ of the particle when ¢ = 10 sec and ind the corresponding distance » which the particle hhas moved during the L0-second interval. Plet v as a fiametion of ¢ for the first 10 seconds, Ans.a~ -0.706 ftsect, 3 = 196.4% 2/18 In the final atages of a moon landing, the lunar mod- vl ecends under reruttnut of tadasent sco Genie he Sonat lls bear wlio bars downward velocy of2 mi, Ie the deacon engine ia ‘cut off abruptly at this point, compute the impact ve- le gn deans yp pence pravity is} ofthe eth’ graityArticle 2/2 ’ Problem 2/18 2/19 A particle moves along the s-direction with constant aceleration. ‘The displacement, measured from a convenient position, ie 2 m at time ¢ = 0 and is 2010 when t= 10's: If the velocity wf the particle = smo montarily sero when ¢ = 6 s, dolermine the accelora ton o and the velocity v whent = 10s. ‘Ans. a= O.2m/s%,y = 08 m's Representative Problems 2/20 The main elevator A of the CN Tower in Toronto rises about 250 m and for most of its run bas a con- stant speed of 22 kan/h. Assume that both the accel- eration and deceleration have a constant ragnituce of Ig and determine the time duration # of the elewn- torrun. 35) m Problem 2/20 22 2/22 22s Aputticle oscillates along a straight line with a sinu- soidally varying velocity in millimeters per second given by v = 16 sin 20/8, where {is in seconds. If the displacement of tho particle ia 8 mm when 1 = 0, de- ‘termine its maximum displacement sy... and plot s ‘vermis for one complete eydle ANS. Sug = 69. 0m Avohicle enters a test section of straight road at s ‘with a speed of 40 km/h, Itthen undergoes an acceler ation which varies with dioplacemont as chown, De termine the velosity v of the vehicle as il passes the position ¢ = 0.2mm, ami i 1 os 1 = 1 L ot 1 1 % a Problem 2/22 ‘Small steo! halls all from rest through the opening: at A at the steady rate of two per second. Find the vertical separation # of two coneentive bells when the lower one has dropped 8 meters. Neglect air resistance. Ans. k= 2.6134_chapt 2/24 A retarding force acts on a pasticle moving initially with a velocity of 100 mys and gives it a deceleration as recorded by the oscilloseape record shown. Ap- proximate the velocity of the partiele at ¢ = 4 sand atr=Be Deceleration 6 Timers Problem 2/24 2/25 A giel rolls « hall up an incline and allows it to re. tura to hor. For the angle@ and ball involved, tho ae. coleration of the ball aleng the incline is constant at. 0.25, directed down the incline. If the ball is r- leased with a speod of 1 m/e, determine the distance ‘moves up the incline before reversing its direc. tion and the total time ¢ required for the ball to re- tra to tho child’s hand Ane. 226m, 2 = 8980 Problem 2/25 2/26 A body moves in a straight line with a velocity whose square decreases linearly with the displacement, be- tween tuo points A and B, which are 300 ft apart as shown. Determine the displacement As af the body: during the last 2 seconds before arrival at B. of © 100 400 Problem 2/26 2/27 The 14-in. spring is compressed to an Sin. length, where it is released from rest and accelerates the sliding block 4. The acceleration has an initial value of 400 Nyse” and then devrewses linearly with Une x-moyement of the block, reaching zero when the spring regains its original L4-in. length. Calculate che times for the block to go (a) 3 in, and (b) 6 ia. Aus. (@) 1 = 0.0370 see, (6) 1 = 0.0585 see we Problem 2727 2/28 A motorsydle starts from rest with an initial acceler ation of 3 ms? and the acceleration then changes with distance # as chown, Determine the velocity v of the motorcycle when s = 200 m, At this point also determine the value ofthe erie 100 00 Problem 2/282/29 The car is traveling ai « constant speed vy ~ 100 Jumih on the level portion of the road. When the G-percent (tan = G/100) incline is encountered, the deiver does not change the throtile setting and can- sequently the car decelevates at the constant rate sin @. Determine the speed of the ear (a) 10 sends after passing point A and (6) when ¢ ~ 100m. Ans, (2) 0 = 21.9 mis, (b) v ~ 25.6 mis 2/32 35 2/2 A motoreycle patrolman starts from meet at A two seconds alter 2 car, speeding at the constant rate of | 12) kmh, passes point A. If the patroiman acveler- ates at tho rate of 6 m/et until he reaches his maxi- ‘mum permissible speed of 150 km/h, which he maintains, caleulate the distance s from point A to the point at which he overtakes the ear Problem 2/29 2/30 A particle moving along the pesitive rdirection with an initial velocity of 12 m/s is subjected to a retard- ing force that gives it a negative acceleration which varies linearly with time for the first d seconds as chown, For the next & sevonde the force is constant and the acceleration remains coastant. Plot the ve- locity of the particle during the 9 seconds and specify its value at ¢ = 4 s, Also find the distance Av traveled by the particle from its position st = 0 to the point where it reverses its direction. 4 Problem 2/30 2/31 A bouly which moves in a straight line between two points A and Ba distance of 50 m apart has a veloc- ity whose square increases nearly with the distance traveled, as shown on the graph. Determine the dis- placement As of the body during the last 2 seconds hofore arrival at R Ana, Se = 11.6 m0 30 3 Problem 2/31 2/33 Problem 2/32 A sprinter seaches his maximum epoed tay in 2.5, seconds from rest with constant acceleration, He then maintains that specd and finishes the 100 yards in the overall time of 9.60 seconds. Determine his maximum sped 2.0 35.9 ieee k 100 ya | eA SK 2/34 Problem 2/33, A vacuum-propelled capsule for a high-speed tube transportation system of the future is being de- signed for operation hetweon two stations A and B, which ore 10 km apart. Ifthe acceleration and dece!- oration are to have a limiting magnitude of 0.6, land if velocities ure to be limited (400 km/h, deter ‘mine the minimum time ¢ for the eapsule to make the 10-km trip, [a ——$——5 Problem 2/3436 Chapt 2/35. The body falling with speed ay strikes and maintains intact with the platform supported hy a nest of spit ie actolacutinn AF Ube bay alter iets a= g ~ ey, where cis a positive constant and y is ‘measured frem the original platform position. If the ‘maximem compression of the springs: ia obasrved to be yyy determine the constant iii = = Jw 7 Problem 2/33, 2/36 Particle 1 is subjected to an acceleration a = kv, ppatticle 2 is subjected to ¢ = —At, ond particle 3 is subjected to a = ks. AMI three partieles start at the origin » = 0 with an initial velocity yy = 10 m/s at. time ¢ = 0, and the magnitude of # is 0.1 for all three particles (note that the units of & vary from case to case}. Plot the position, velocity, and acceleration ver~ sus time for each particle over the range 0 < t= 10s. 2/37 A sole ropelled vohiole of mass m whose engine div. ‘ors constant power P hast an acceloration a ~ Pigmv) where all frictional resistance ia neglected. Determine ‘expressions for the distance » traveled and the core ‘sponding time (required Ly the vehicle to speed from; tov, 2/38 A certain lake is proposed asa landing area for large jet airerat. The touchdown speed of 109 mifar upon contact with the water is to be reduced to 20 mihr ina distance of 1500 ft. Ifthe deceleration is propax- tional to the square of the velocity of the aircraft through the water, a = Ke", find the value of the design parameter K, which would be a measure of the size and shape of the landing gear vanes that plow through the water. Also find the tims # elapsed during the specified interval. 2/38 A particle moving alonga straight line decelerates ar- cording to a = —hu, where # isa constant and v is ve- Joeity. IF ite initial velocity at time # = Oie = Amie and its velocity at time = 28 is = 1 mV/s, determine the time T and corresponding distance D for the par- tle epeed to be reduced to one-tenth of ite initial value. Ans. 9m 9.26, = 2/40 The cone falling with a speei vp strikes and pene- trates the block of packing material. The acvelera- ton of the cone after impact is a = g ~ cy, wheree is a positive constant and y is the penetration dlis- tance, If the maximum penetration depth is ob- sorved to bey, determine the constant e ay Problem 2/40 2/1 ‘The aerodynamic resistance to motion of a car is nearly proportional to the square of its velaity. Ad- ditional frictional resistance is constant, so that the acceleration ofthe car when coasting may ke written a= ~C, ~ C*, where C, and C, are constants ‘which depend on the mechanical configuration of the car. I the car has an initial velocity v when the en- sine is disengaged, derive an expression for the dis- tance D required for the sa to canst ta a stp, ee (1+ Bn) Problem 2/41 2/42 Compute the impact speed of a body relessed from rest at an altitude h = 800 mi. (e) Assume a son. stant gravitational aceeleration gy = 32.2 f/scc® and (©) account for the vasiation of g with altitude (refer to Art, 16), Neglect the elfeeto of atmoopherie drag,Article 2/2 Problems 37 203 aa Problem 2/42 Compute the impact spoed of body A which is r= Jecsed fiom rest at an altitude i ~ 750 rai above the surface of the moon. (a) First assume a constant gravitational accleration g,,, = 5:2 Rises? and (b) then secount for the variation of gq with alitude Iwefer to Art. 15) ‘Ans. (0) v= G80 Miser, ) v= 4990 fsee Problem 2/43, ‘The horizontal motion of the plunger and ehaft is ar~ rested by tho rosictunco of the attachod disk which ‘moves through the oil bath. If the velocity ef the plunger is vp in the position A where x = 0 and? = 0, and if the deceleration is proportional 10 v so that = —ku, derive expressions for the velocity v and position coordinate x in terme of the timo 1. Also ax. press v in terms of, 2/45 2/46 2/aT {A small object is released from rest in a tank of cil. ‘The downward acceleration of the cject is g — hv, where gis the constant acreleration due to gravity, & is a constant whieh deperds on the viseosity of the il and shapo of the ebjoct, and v ia the dowaward velocity of the object, Derive expressions for the ve- locity v and vertical drop y as functions of the time ¢ afer release. Ans.v=£ ae =8[1-10-ety off doe] On its takeotT rol, the airplane starts from rest and accelerates according to a = ty — la, where ay is the constant acceleration resulting from the engine thrust and —Av* is the acceleration due to aerody- nsmic drag. [fay = 2ms4,h = 0.00004 m°!, and vis In meters per second, determine the design length of runway required for the airplane to reach the take- off epeed of 250 km/b if the drag term is (a) exeluded ard (6) included, 0 kas Problem 2/46 A test projectile is fired Horizontally into a viscous liquid with a velocity of vp. The retarding: farce is proportional to the square of the velocity, «0 that the acceleration becnmes a = —kv®, Derive expressions {or the distance D traveled in the liquid and the eor- ‘esponding time ¢ required to reduce the velocity to ‘no!2. Neglect any vertical motion, Ans. D = 0.699%, = Problem 2/4738 Chapter 2 Kinematics of Particles 2/48 A car starts from rest and accelerates ai a constant vate until it reaches 60 mihr in a distance of 200 ft, at which time the clutch ie disengaged, The car then slows down to a velocity of 30 mifhr in an additional distance of 400 ft with a deceleration which is pro- portional to its velocity. Find the time for the car to travel the 600 fe ‘oa close approximation the pressure behind a rifle bullet varies inversely with the position z of the bul- let along the hazel. Thus the acceleration of the bul- Jet may be written as a = fix where & is a constant. If the bullet starts from rest at x = 7.5 mm and if the ‘muzzle velocity of the bullet is 600 ms at the end of the 750-mm harrol, eanspute the nccoloration of the Inullet as it passes the midpoint of the barrel at «= tome Ans. a = 104.2 km/s* ‘am mm awmis Protem 2/8 2/50 The diver of a car, which is initially at rest at the top A of the grade, releases the brakes and coasts down the grade with an acsolevation in fect por ace fond squared siven by « = 5.22 ~ 0.0040", where ois the velocity in feet per second, Determine the veloe- ity vp at the bottom B of the grade, Problem 2/50 2/51 When the elfect of aeredynamic dag is included, the saccaleration of a baseball moving vertically upward soy ~ —g ~ Ao?, while the acceleration wher ihe bal is moving downward is ay = ~g + fu, where & is @ positive constant and vis the speed in feet per second. If the ball is thrown uporard af 100 f/s90 from essen- tially ground level, compute its maximum height / and its epeed »- upon impaet with the ground. Take ‘to be 0.002 ft‘ and assume that is constant, Ans. b= 120.8 f, uy = 785 see Problem 2/31 2/52 For the baseball of Prob. 2/51 throven upward with tn initial speed of 100 fives, determine the time fy from ground to apex and the time ig from apex to ground. 2/88 ‘The nownleration cf the diag seoam is-medled va @ = cy — ev”, where the v*-term accounts for vero- dynamic drag. and where ey and ey are postive con- stants, Ifcais known (from wind-tunnel test) to be 510-5) ft |, determine e; if the final spoed is 190 mils A drag rave i» 1/4 mile wtraight in Brome standing start Ans. 0) = 31.4 ft/sec” Finish Probiem 2/33 2/58 Use the value for ¢, cited in the answer ta Prob, 2/53 tnd determine the time ¢ requieed for the deag racer dleseribed in that problem 0 compleve the 14-mile 2/55 The fuel of a modal rocket is burned so quickly that one may assume that the cozket acquires its burnout velocity of 120 m/s while essentially still at ground level. The rocket then coasts vertically upward to the trqjeewry apex. With the ineluston oF reroey- amie crag, the y-scecleration ie ay ~ — — 0.000602 ‘during this motion, where the unite are meters and seconds, At apex < parachute pops out of the nose cono, and the rocket quickly acquires a constant downward speed af 4 m/e, Bstimate the fight time Ans. = 147.78Ai icle 2/2 ey 2/58 A pasticle which moves along the x-axis is subjected rg Ah ae aoclicesing We. wh ecru Maeachh { ‘with time and a retarding force which increases di- \ cotly with displacemont. Tho rosulting accolaration i isa ~ Ki ~ #4, vhore & and é are positive constants and where both : and 0 = ¥ ere zera when the time Determine the displacement « ax « function oft. 120 mils 2/59 Car A travels ata constant speed of 65 mithr. When \ ‘ in the position shown at time ¢ = 0, car B has a speed of 25 mihr and accelerates at a constant rate ‘of 01g along its path until it reaches a speed of 65 anid, aller whidh it Waves at that constant speed. What is the steady-state position of ear A with re- spect to car B? Problem 2/55 2/56 The stor‘es of a tall building are uniformly 10 feet in height. A hall A ix dropped from the rooftop position shown. Determine the times required fur it Wo pass ‘the 10 feet of the first, tenth, and one-hundredth stories (counted from the tep). Neglect aerodynamic arog, ‘Ans, Ais ahead of B by 706 10 pee ca | it ' ' Problem 2/39 2/60 Repoat Prob. 269, excopt that ear B, rather than possessing a constant acceleration, now accelerates as showa in the accompanying plot. Time tis the time at which the epeed of car B reaches G5 mifhr. Alter time f, the speed remains constant, Compare ‘your result with that stated for Prob. 2/59, Problem 2/36 2/57 Repeat Prob, 2/56, except now include the ellests of aerodynamic drag. The drag force causes an acceler- ation component in ftsee! of 0.0050" in the direction opposite the velocity vector, where v isin ftsee. “Ans. f= 0.795 see, fy) = 0.1882 see 1 = 0.1246 se=