Pre-/Diagnostic Assessment

A. Choose the letter of the best answer.

1. Which characteristic of magma mainly determines its explosiveness?
a. color
b. amount
c. temperature
d. silica content
2. Which of the following characteristics of a volcano depends on its magma
emission?
a. age
b. size
c. shape
d. location
3. Which of the following factors associated with huge volcanic eruptions may cause
the decrease in the Earth’s average temperature for a few years?
a. heat
b. light
c. acid rain
d. volcanic ash
4. A thick layer of volcanic ash can be heavy enough to collapse the roofs of
buildings because ash ________.
a. is solid.
b. cannot be blown by winds.
c. becomes heavier as it cools.
d. consists of tiny fragments of rocks that becomes heavy as they pile up.
5. Which of the following is an active volcano in the Philippines?
a. Apo in Davao
[Link] Datu in Sulu
[Link] in Camarines Sur
[Link] in Negros Oriental
4. Which of the following are active volcanoes?
I. Mayon in Albay
[Link] in Batangas
III. Vulcan in Camiguin
IV. Kanlaon in Negros Oriental
a. I and II only
b. II and III only
c. I, II, and III only
d. I, II, and IV only
5. Which of the following characteristics of magma mainly affect the explosiveness of
a volcanic eruption?
a. color
b. amount
c. temperature
d. silica content

. How does the windward side differ from the leeward side of a high land?
a. The windward receives more precipitation than the leeward.
b. The leeward side has more vegetation than the windward side.
c. The windward side receives more heat than the leeward side.
d. The leeward side receives more precipitation than the windward side.
2. What happens to the temperature of air when altitude increases?
a. remains the same c. decreases
b. increases d. varies
3. Which of the following BEST describes climate?
a. The weather that occurs in the atmosphere within a day.
b. The pattern of weather that occurs in a region over a long period of time.
c. The pattern of weather that occurs in a region over a short period of time.
d. The disturbance in the atmosphere that happens in a long period of time.
4. Why are the coldest places on earth found at the poles?
a. great amount of gaseous particles trap heat from the surface
b. great amount of thermal radiation is received by these areas
c. less amount of thermal radiation is received by these areas
d. less amount of gaseous particles trap heat from the surface
5. What will happen when the rates of evaporation and condensation are equal?
a. Clouds form. c. The humidity increases.
b. The dew point is reached. d. Precipitation occurs.
6. Which of the following can cause global warming?
a. volcanic eruptions
b. the amount of rainfall
c. the rising of warm air into the atmosphere
d. increase of the amount of CO2 in the atmosphere
DRAFT
April 29, 2014
29
7. When does greenhouse effect happen?
a. Greenhouse gases on the surface absorb heat from the atmosphere.
b. Greenhouse gases on the surface absorb heat from the earth’s interior.
c. Greenhouse gases in the upper atmosphere absorb heat from outer space.
d. Greenhouse gases in the lower atmosphere absorb heat from the earth’s surface.
8. Which activity does not contribute to global warming?
a. reforestation c. mining activities
b. illegal fishing d. incineration of garbage
9. City A is surrounded by bodies of water and has a moderate climate. It is located
near the
equator. What will most likely affect the climate of the city?
a. latitude c. topography
b. altitude d. all of these
10. Which of following is an indication of global warming?
a. rising of sea level c. coastal erosion
b. decrease of global temperature d. strong waves in the ocean

1. Why do mountain climbers bring thick jackets when they go up the mountain?
a. The temperature increases as the altitude increases.
b. The temperature decreases as the altitude increases.
c. The altitude increases as the temperature increases.
d. The altitude decreases as the temperature increases.
DRAFT
April 29, 2014
58
2. What will happen if there is too much carbon dioxide in the atmosphere?
a. Greenhouse effect occurs. c. Water vapor condenses.
b. Temperature increases. d. Climate changes.
3. Why does cloud formation disappear as the air moves slowly towards the leeward
side of a
mountain?
a. The air condenses as it moves to the leeward side.
b. The amount of water vapor is not enough.
c. The temperature becomes lower.
d. There is too much water vapor.
4. Which condition happens during the La Niña phenomenon?
a. Air pressure in the western Pacific increases
b. Air pressure in the eastern Pacific decreases
c. Upwelling of cold water is blocked
d. Trade wind becomes stronger
5. It refers to the atmospheric condition of a place over a long period of time.
a. climate c. weather
b. monsoon d. topography
6. Which side of the mountain often receives the most precipitation?
a. leeward side c. rain shadow
b. windward side d. peak
7. Which is the best practice to reduce the effect of climate change?
a. livestock raising c. organic farming
b. burning fossil fuel d. car manufacturing
8. Which of the following shows the effect of climate change?
a. rising of sea level
b. deforestation of the forest
c. coastal erosion in some places
d. siltation of bodies of water
9. During summer, many people visit Baguio because of the cold weather. What do you
think
makes Baguio cold?
a. The latitude c. The altitude
b. The topography d. The distance from the ocean
10. Why do places at the same latitude but different altitudes have different climate?
a. Amount of heat received varies.
b. Amount of precipitation differs.
c. Higher altitudes have lower temperature.
d. Higher altitudes have higher temperature.
BASED ON THE PIC
1. Which star is the hottest?
A. A
B. B
C. C
D. D
2. Which star is very similar to our Sun?
A. A
B. B
C. C
D. D
3. Which is the coolest star?
A. A
B. B
C. C
D. D
4. How do stars appear to move in the night sky?
A. From East to West
B. From North to South
C. From West to East
D. From South to North
5. Stars appear to move in the sky because
A. The Earth is rotating on its axis.
B. The Universe is expanding.
C. The night sky is rotating.
D. New galaxies are formed.
6. If you are located at the North Pole, where will you see the Polaris?
A. Overhead
B. Just above the horizon
C. Around 45° from the horizon
D. Polaris will not be seen in the North Pole.
7. Which constellation is prominently seen in the sky during summer?
A. Orion
B. Pegasus
C. Hercules
D. Virgo
DRAFT
April 29, 2014
3
8. Based on apparent magnitude, which of the following stars is the brightest?
A. Alpha Centauri
B. Betelgeuse
C. Rigel
D. Sirius
9. Why do stars have colors?
A. It is because of the presence of oxygen.
B. It is because of the presence of carbon dioxide.
C. It is because of varied temperatures.
D. It is because of the different locations.
10. Stars can be found in large groups throughout the universe. What are these
groups called?
A. solar system
B. comets
C. constellation
D. ASTEROIDS

1. The star Algol is estimated to be as bright as the star Aldebaran and have
approximately the same temperature as the star Rigel. Which of the following
statement is correct?
A. Algol and Rigel have same color.
B. Algol and Rigel have the same brightness.
C. Algol and Aldebaran have the same in size.
D. Algol and Rigel have the same brightness and color.
2. The constellation below represents the constellation Cygnus.
Which statement best explains why Cygnus is visible to an observer in Manila
in September but not visible in March?
A. Earth spins on its axis.
B. Earth orbits the Sun.
C. Cygnus spins on its axis.
D. Cygnus orbits the Earth.
3. The constellation Pisces changes position during a night, as shown in the
diagram below.
DRAFT
April 29, 2014
22
Which motion is mainly responsible for this change in position?
A. Revolution of Earth around the Sun
B. Rotation of Earth on its axis
C. Revolution of Pisces around the Sun
D. Rotation of Pisces on its axis
4. At which location can an observer not see Polaris in the night sky at any time
during the year?
A. A and D
B. B and C
C. C and D
D. D and B
References and link
During eruption, volcanic material is
A. Blown to some meters C. blown to some inches
B. Blown too many kilometers D. blown to some feet
2. In some eruptions, mudflows are forced over the
A. Earth’s mantle C. earth’s surface
B. Ocean bed D. earth’s core
3. Fluidity of lava is determine by amount of
A. Copper B. iron C. nickel D. silica
4. When liquid is highly viscous, it means there is more resistance to its
A. Conductivity B. flow C. insulation D. hardness
5. In volcanic areas, groundwater heated by magma is a source of_____.
A. Lava flows C. geothermal energy
B. Silica D. pyroclastic flow
6. Volcanic eruptions can affect climate because_______________.
A. They heat the atmosphere
B. The presence of volcanic dust
C. There is a sudden change of temperature
D. Volcanic dust and gas in the atmosphere reflects and absorbs radiation
7. Which of the following is the energy transformation in a geothermal power plant.
A. Thermal energy from inside the earth elecctrical energy mechanical energy
B. Chemical energy thermal energy electrical energy mechanical energy
C. Thermal energy from inside the earth mechanical energy in a turbine
mechanical energy of a generator electrical energy
D. Thermal energy from inside the earth mechanical energy in a turbine
mechanical energy of a generator electrical energy heat
8. How do prevailing winds that travel across large bodies of water affect the climate?
They make it….
A. colder B. warmer C. wetter D. drier
9. The main factors that affect precipitate are:
A. Prevailing winds and presence of mountains
B. Altitude and ocean currents
C. The seasons and latitude
D. Sun and moon
10. What will happen when the rates of evaporation and condensation are equal?
A. The humidity increases. C. clouds form.
B. The dew point is reach. D. precipitation occurs.
11. Which of the following shows the effect of climate change?
A. Deforestation of the forest C coastal erosion of some places
B. Siltation of bodies of water D. rising of sea level
12. Which condition happens during the La Niña Phenomenon?
A. Trade wind becomes stronger C. Air pressure in the western pacific increases

B. Upwelling of cold water is block D. Air pressure in the eastern pacific decreases
13. The greenhouse effect is caused by….
A. Greenhouse gases in the lower atmosphere absorbing radiation from the earth’s
surface, and preventing much of it escaping into space
B. Greenhouse gases in the lower atmosphere absorbing solar radiation
C. Too much heat in the atmosphere
D. Too much sunshine reaching earth
14. Something that might happen because of global warming is___________.
A. Melting polar caps C. more reflected sunlight off the ice pack
B. Lower sea level D. more carbon dioxide
15. What do we call a group of stars that look like a pattern or design in the sky?
A. Galaxy B. constellation C. revolution D. superstar
16. How do stars appear to move in the night sky?
A. From North to South C. From East to west
B. From south to North D. from West to East
17. Why do stars have colors? It is because of…….
A. varied temperatures C. the presence of oxygen
B. the different locations D. the presence of carbon dioxide
18. Stars appear to move in the sky because
A. New galaxies are formed C. the earth is rotating on its axis
B. The night sky is rotating D. the universe is expanding
19. Which constellation indicates that the cold season is coming?
A. Andromeda C. Ursa Major
B. Orion D. Lynx
20. What local constellation signifies the start of planting and setting of traps to protect
the
crops from animals in the Philippines?
A. Lepu C. Balara
B. Buwaya D. Balatik
21. Why we can see different parts of the sky at different times of the year? Due to
the…..
A. Tilt of the earth’s axis C. revolution of the earth
B. Rotation of the earth D. revolution of the moon
 A light year is a measurement of

distance.

time.

speed.

brightness.
69 The largest baselilne abailable to observers on Earth is (try drawing a picture to
figure this one out):

the diameter of the Earth.

the distance from the Earth to the Sun.

the size of the Sun.

the diameter of the Earth's orbit.

70 Why are the world's largest telescopes built at the top of mountains?
For security reasons.

The rent is cheaper up there.

The atmosphere is thinner at the top of a mountain.

Astronomers can work with less disturbance from traffic and airplanes.
71 The visible part of the Sun is called

the chromosphere.

the corona.

the surface.

the photosphere.
72 What are solar prominences?

Dark spots on the solar surface.

Large sheets of glowing gases bursting from the chromosphere.

The region where nuclear fusion takes place.

The outer atmosphere of the Sun.

73 The colour of a star depends on its

temperature.

size.

distance.

position.
74 Which of the following instruments can be used to separate white light into its
component colours? It is useful for determing the composition of stars.

A photometer.

A CCD camera.

A spectroscope.
A refractor.
75 Which two factors of those shown below determine the brightness of stars as
seen on Earth? (Not including objects that may obstruct our view).

Size of the star.

Colour of the star.

Distance the star is from Earth.

How fast it is rotating.

The time of day.

76 What three things does the Hertzsprung-Russell relate to us about stars?

Temperature

Distance

Colour

Doppler effect

Luminosity
77 A galaxy moving towards us will

demonstrate a shift towards the red region of the spectrum.

demonstrate no change in its emission spectrum.

demonstrate a shift towards the blue region of the spectrum.

appear very blurry.

78 Which of the following shapes is characteristic of a galaxy?

spiral

triangular

elliptical

irregular
79 From the following list, choose the description that best fits a quasar.

It emits up to 100 times more energy than a galaxy.

It is always found in th espiral arms of galaxies.

It is dark material used in the formation of galaxies.

It is a component of most star clusters.

80 What object is most likely the birthplace of stars?

Black hole.

Supernova.

Nebula.

Neutron star.
81 A pulsar is a type of

black hole.

supernova.

nebula.

neutron star.
82 What is the best scientific estimate of the age of our solar system?

400 million years.

4.6 billion years.

100 billion years.

4000 years.