CE8395 STRENGTH OF
MATERIALS FOR MECHANICAL
ENGINEERS
UNIT-1 STRESS,STRAIN
AND DEFORMABLE BODIES
PART-A
[Link] Hooke’s Law.
Hooke’s Law states that when a material is loaded within elastic limit, the stress is directly
proportional to the strain produced by the stress.
[Link] Bulk Modulus.
Bulk Modulus may be defined as the ratio of normal stress to volumetric strain and is denoted
by the letter K.
𝜎(𝑛)
K=
𝑒(𝑣)
3. Define Factor of safety.
Factor of safety is defined as the ratio of ultimate stress to the working stress.
𝑈𝑙𝑡𝑖𝑚𝑎𝑡𝑒 𝑠𝑡𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑠
F.O.S.= 𝑤𝑜𝑟𝑘𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑠𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑠
[Link] do you understand “An element in a state of simple shear”?
Consider an element with its bottom is attached to fixed plate and it’s top face attached
movable plate. The plate can move only horizontal; when you start applying force on the upper plate
the element will said to be in a state of simple shear, the force is called shear force.
5.A short bar of length 100 mm tapers uniformly from a diameter 40mm to a diameter of 30mm and
carries an axial compressive load of 200 kN. Find the change in length of the bar.
Given:
L =100mm
D(1)=40mm
D(2)=30mm
P = 200 kN
Solution:
4𝑃𝐿 4×200×1000×100
dL =𝜋𝐸𝐷(1)𝐷(2) = 𝜋×2×100000×40×30
= 0.106 mm
[Link] is thermal stress?
Thermal stress are the stresses induced in a body due to change in temperature. Thermal
stresses are set up in body, when the temperature of body raised or lowered and the body is not
allowed contract or expand freely. But if the body allowed to expand or contract freely, no stresses will
be set up in the body.
[Link] Poisson’s ratio.
The ratio of lateral strain to the longitudinal strain is a constant for given material, when the
material in stresses within elastic limit.
𝐿𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑙 𝑠𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑖𝑛
µ= 𝐿𝑜𝑛𝑔𝑖𝑡𝑢𝑑𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑙 𝑠𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑖𝑛
[Link] the relation between Young’s modulus and bulk modulus.
[Link] elasticity.
Elasticity is the tendency of solid materials to return to their original shape
after being deformed. Solid objects will deform when forces are applied on them. If the material
is elastic, the object will return to its initial shape and size when these forces are removed.
10. A circular rod 2m long and 15 mm diameter is subjected to an axial tensile load 30 kN. Find
the elongation of the rod if the modulus of elasticity of the material of the rod is 120
KN/mm².
Given
L = 2 m = 2000 mm;
D = 15 mm;
Load P = 30 KN = 30 x 10³ N;
Modulus of Elasticity E = 120 KN/mm² = 120 x 10³ N/mm²
Solution
Stress = Load / Area = P/A = 30 x 10³/ π/4 x (D) ² = 30 x 10³/ π/4 x (15) ²= 169.85 N/mm²
Young’s modulus, E = stress/strain = σ/e; e = σ/E = 169.85/120 x 10³ = 0.00141
Strain e = Change in length / Original length; e = ∂L/L; ∂L = e x L = 0.001415 x 2000 = 2.83 mm