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Overview of Shaper Machine Mechanics

The shaper is a machine tool used for producing flat surfaces, slots, grooves, and contours. It works by rigidly fixing the workpiece to the table and using a reciprocating ram to move a single-point cutting tool in a forward and backward motion. During the forward stroke, the tool cuts the material, while the backward stroke is idle. The main components of a shaper are the base, body, cross rail, ram, and tool head. The ram is driven back and forth by a quick return mechanism to perform the cutting strokes. Shapers are classified based on the drive mechanism, ram movement, table design, and type of cutting stroke. Common operations include horizontal, vertical, inclined, and irregular cuts

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56 views2 pages

Overview of Shaper Machine Mechanics

The shaper is a machine tool used for producing flat surfaces, slots, grooves, and contours. It works by rigidly fixing the workpiece to the table and using a reciprocating ram to move a single-point cutting tool in a forward and backward motion. During the forward stroke, the tool cuts the material, while the backward stroke is idle. The main components of a shaper are the base, body, cross rail, ram, and tool head. The ram is driven back and forth by a quick return mechanism to perform the cutting strokes. Shapers are classified based on the drive mechanism, ram movement, table design, and type of cutting stroke. Common operations include horizontal, vertical, inclined, and irregular cuts

Uploaded by

Abdul
Copyright
© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

Introduction: The shaper is a machine tool used primarily for:

1. Producing a flat or plane surface which may be in a horizontal, a vertical or an angular plane.
2. Making slots, grooves and keyways
3. Producing contour of concave/convex or a combination of these
Working Principle: The job is rigidly fixed on the machine table. The single point cutting tool held
properly in the tool post is mounted on a reciprocating ram. The reciprocating motion of the ram is
obtained by a quick return motion mechanism. As the ram reciprocates, the tool cuts the material
during its forward stroke. During return, there is no cutting action and this stroke is called the idle
stroke. The forward and return strokes constitute one operating cycle of the shaper.

Construction: The main parts of the Shaper machine is Base, Body (Pillar, Frame, Column), Cross
rail, Ram and tool head (Tool Post, Tool Slide, Clamper Box Block).
Base: The base is a heavy cast iron casting which is fixed to the shop floor. It supports the body
frame and the entire load of the machine. The base absorbs and withstands vibrations and other
forces which are likely to be induced during the shaping operations.
Body (Pillar, Frame, Column): It is mounted on the base and houses the drive mechanism
compressing the main drives, the gear box and the quick return mechanism for the ram movement.
The top of the body provides guide ways for the ram and its front provides the guide ways for the
cross rail.
Cross rail: The cross rail is mounted on the front of the body frame and can be moved up and down.
The vertical movement of the cross rail permits jobs of different heights to be accommodated
below the tool. Sliding along the cross rail is a saddle which carries the work table.
Ram and tool head: The ram is driven back and forth in its slides by the slotted link mechanism. The
back and forth movement of ram is called stroke and it can be adjusted according to the length of
the workpiece to be-machined.
Kinematic Scheme:

In shaping, the primary motion is performed by the tool, and feed by the work piece.

Classification of Shapers: Shapers are classified according to various aspects.

1) Based on type of mechanism employed for the movement of the cutting tool i.e. tool carrying ram the
shapers are classified into three types

a. Crank type

b. Gear type

c. Hydraulic type

2) According to position and movement of ram the shapers are classified in to three types

a. Horizontal type

b. Vertical type

c. Travelling head type

3) Shapers are classified in to two types based on design of the work table

a. Standard shaper

b. Universal shaper

4) Based on type of cutting stroke employed these are classified in to

a. Push type

b. Draw type

Operations Performed on Shaper:

Horizontal cutting

Vertical cutting

Inclined cutting

Irregular cutting

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