Determination of Contents of Cold Drinks

*Chemistry Project*-Determination Of The Contents Of- -Cold Drinks-

Project Prepared by – Kanishk Singh XII – A Session: 2009 – 2010

Apeejay School, NOIDA Board Roll No. – 5709594 *

Certificate*
This is hereby to certify that the original and genuine investigation work has been
carried out to investigate about the subject matter and the related data collection
and investigation has been completed solely, sincerely and satisfactorily by AMOLUCK
BHATIA of CLASS XII – A, PRESIDIUM,INDIRAPURAM regarding his project titled
“DETERMINARION OF THE CONTENTS OF COLD DRINKS”.

Teacher’s Signature

*Acknowledgement*
It would be my utmost pleasure to express my sincere thanks to my chemistry
teacher [Link] saxena in providing a helping hand in this project. His valuable
guidance, support and supervision all through this project are responsible for attaining its
present form. I would also like to thank my parents as they encouraged me to put
forward my project

. *Contents*
Introduction

Theory

Aim

Apparatus

Chemicals Required

Detection of pH

Test for Carbon Dioxide

Test for phosphate

Test for sucrose

Result

. Precautions

. Conclusion

Bibliography

*Introduction*
The era of cold drinks began in 1952 but the industrialization in India marked its
beginning with launching of Limca and Goldspot by parley group of companies

. Since, the beginning of cold drinks was highly profitable and luring, many
multinational companies launched their brands in India like Pepsi and Coke. Now days, it is
observed in general that majority of people viewed Sprite and Limca to give feeling of
lightness, while Pepsi and Thumps Up to activate pulse and brain.

*Theory*
Cold drinks of different brands are composed of carbohydrates, carbon dioxide,
phosphate ions etc.

These soft drinks give feeling of warmth, lightness and have a tangy taste which is liked
by everyone. Carbon dioxide is responsible for the formation of froth on shaking the bottle.
The carbon dioxide gas is dissolved in water to form carbonic acid which is also
responsible for the tangy taste.

Carbohydrates are the naturally occurring organic compounds and are major source of
energy to our body. General formula of carbohydrates is CX (H2O)Y. 1On the basis of their
molecule size carbohydrates are classified as:- Monosaccharide, Disaccharides and
Polysaccharides. Sucrose is one of the most useful disaccharides in our daily life. It is widely
distributed in nature in juices, seeds and also in flowers of many plants. The main source
of sucrose is cane juice which contain 15-20 % sucrose The molecular formula of
sucrose is C12H22O11. It is produced by a mixture of glucose and fructose. It is non-
reducing in nature whereas glucose is reducing. Cold drinks are a bit acidic in nature and
their acidity can be measured by finding their pH value. The pH values also depend upon
the acidic contents such as citric acid and phosphoric acid.
*Aim*
Comparitive Study and Qualitative Analysis of different brands of Cold Drinks available in
market

. *Apparatus*
Test Tubes

Test Tube Holder

Stop Watch

Beaker

Bunsen Burner

pH Paper

Water Bath

*Chemicals required*
Lime Water

Concentrated Nitric Acid

Ammonium Molybdate

*Detection Of pH*
Experiment
Small samples of cold drinks of different brands were taken in a test tube and put on the pH
paper. The change in colour of pH paper was noticed and was compared with standard pH
scale

. Observation
Sr. No. Name Of The Drink Colour Change pH Value
1 Coca Cola Pinkish 2–3
2 Sprite Dark Orange 3
3 Limca Light Orange 4
inference

Soft Drinks are generally acidic because of the presence of citric acid and phosphoric acid.
pH values of cold drinks of different brand are different due to the variation in
amount of acidic content.

*Test For Carbon Dioxide*

Experiment
As soon as the bottles were opened, one by one the samples were passed through lime
water. The lime water turned milky.

Observation

Sr. No. Name Of The Drink Time Taken (sec) Conclusion

1 Coca Cola 28 CO2 IS PRESENT
2 Sprite 20 CO2 IS PRESENT
3 Limca 38 CO2 IS PRESENT
Inference

All the soft drinks contain dissolved carbon dioxide in water. The carbon dioxide (CO2)
dissolves in water to form carbonic acid, which is responsible for its tangy taste.

Chemical Reaction
Ca(OH)2 (s) + CO2 (g) → CaCO3 (s) + H2O(l)

. *Test For Phosphate*

Experiment
Small samples of each brand of cold drinks were taken in separate test tubes and
Ammonium Molybdate followed by concentrated Nitric Acid (HNO3) was added to it. The
solution was heated. Appearance of yellow precipitate confirmed the presence of phosphate
ions in cold drinks
. Observation
Sr. No. Name Of The Drink Observation Conclusion
1 Coca Cola Yellow Precipitate Phosphate is Present
2 Sprite Yellow Precipitate Phosphate is Present
3 Limca Yellow Precipitate Phosphate is Present

Inference
All the soft drinks samples gave positive test for phosphate ions. Hence all the cold drinks
contain phosphate.

*Test for Sucrose*

Experiment
5 ml samples of each brand of cold drinks were taken in separate china dishes and were
heated very strongly until changes occur. Black coloured residue left confirmed the presence
of sucrose in cold drinks.

Observation
Sr. No. Name Of The Drink Observation Conclusion
1 Coca Cola Black Residue Sucrose is Present
2 Sprite Black Residue Sucrose is Present
3 Limca Black Residue Sucrose is Present

Inference
All the brands of cold drinks contain sucrose. But amount of sucrose varies in each brand of
drink. Coca cola contains highest amount of sucrose

. *Result*
After conducting several tests, it was concluded that the different brands of cold drinks
namely

1. Coca Cola

2. Sprite

3. Limca
All contains sucrose, phosphate and carbon dioxide. All cold drinks are acidic in nature. On
comparing the pH value of different brands Coca Cola is the most acidic and Limca is least
acidic of all the three brands taken

. Among the three samples of cold drinks taken, Sprite has the maximum amount of
dissolved carbon dioxide and Limca has the minimum amount of dissolved carbon dioxide

*Precautions*
1 Concentrated solutions should be handled with immense care.

2. Hands should be washed thoroughly after performing each experiment.

3. If possible, one should wear hand gloves to prevent from any possible damage.

4. If chemicals come into contact with your skin or eyes, flush immediately with copious
amounts of water.

*Conclusion*

DIS-ADVANTAGES OF COLD DRINKS

1. Soft drinks are little more harmful than sugar solution. As they contain sugar in large
amount.

2. Soft drinks can cause weight gain as they interfere with the body’s natural ability to
suppress hunger feeling.

3. Soft drinks have ability to dissolve the calcium so they are also harmful for our bones.

. 4 For transportation of soft drinks syrup the commercial truck must use the hazardous
matter place cards reserved for highly consive material

USES OF COLD DRINKS

1. They can remove rust spots from chrome car bumpers.

2. They clean corrosion from car battery terminals

3. Soft drinks are used as an excellent ‘detergent’ to remove grease from clothes

. *Bibliography*
Following books and websites were a source for my project

Comprehensive Chemistry Lab Manual

[Link]

[Link]