REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM
Reproduction - the process that continues life on earth.
*Males reproduce sperm cells (male gametes)
*Females reproduce egg cells (female gametes)
Egg Cells - are generally round in and contain a nucleus w/ hereditary material (DNA) and a large
amount of food material called yolk; are much larger than sperm cells
Acrosome - wherein sperm cells contain a nucleus w hereditary material, a vesicle called acrosme,
that contains digestive enzymes, a midsection w/ mitochondria, and a tail called a Flagellum
Flagellum - allows the sperm cells to swim towards an egg cell
Gonads - an organ where Gametes are produced
* Ovaries - female gonads
* Testes/Testicle - male gonads
Penis and Scrotum - the external organs of the male reproductive system
Sperm - are unicellular composed of a head and tail. The tail moves the sperm, and the head
contains genetic information
Seminal Vesicle - a gland behind the bladder, provides sperm w/ a fluid that gives them energy
and helps them move
Semen - mixture of sperm and fluid; leaves the body through the urethra, the same tube that
carries urine from the body
Uterus - a hollow pear shaped muscular organ w/ thick walls in which a fertilized egg develops
Vagina - a muscular tube; also called the birth canal
Ovaries - female sex organ
Ovulation - about once a month an egg is released from the/an ovary
Menstrual Cycle - monthly cycle of changes in the female reproductive system
Menstruation - the monthly discharge of the lining of the uterus and blood through the vagina;
lasts from 4 to 6 days
Menopause - occurs when the menstrual cycle becomes irregular and eventually stops
pididymis - a long tightly coiled tube where newly formed sperm cells are stored
Erection - a process that occurs when the penis becomes rigid and erect
Gametes
Oligospermia - low sperm count
penis
scrotum
spermatid - a mature sperm
spermatocyte - a cell produced at the second phase of formation of a spermatozoa spermatogenesis - sperm
development and formation
spermatogonium - specialized sperm that is found within the seminiferous tubule testosterone zonapellu - the
binding sight for sperm during fertilization
lubricating hormones (LH) - hormone secreted by the anterior pituitary gland that stimulates ovulation in
females
cervix - cylinder shaped neck of uterus
clitoris - a tiny structure filled with nerve ending and found near the opening of the urethra
corpus albigans - fibrous scar that remains in the ovary
endometrium - inner lining of the uterine wall
estrogen - sex hormone that brings out secondary sex characteristics of females
fallopian tube - structure of female reproductive system that receives egg cells
fibrin fimbrine - finger-like projections that collect egg cells
menstrual cycle
Menstruation
oozyte - female germ cell
oogenesis - egg development and formation
Ovary
Ovulation
uterine wall - inner layer of the uterus vagina
vas deferen - pair of ducts capable of pushing the sperm through its length
blastocyst - an embryo that looks like a hollow ball of cells
caesarean - surgical procedure in which incisions are made through the mother’s uterus
child birth - process of giving birth
conception - act of conceiving a child
corona radiata - a mass of small cells that covers a newly released egg
corpus glutiem - a temporary endocrine structure that produces estrogen and progesterone ectoderm - the
outermost primary germ layer in the embryo
embryo - fertilized egg
endoderm - the innermost primary germ layer in the embryo
fertilization - union of the sperm and egg cell
NSH - hormone secreted by the anterior pituitary gland that stimulates androgen synthesis in males
gastrulation - second phase in embryonic development
lanugo - downy hair on the body of a fetus or newly born
placenta - organ that connects the developing fetus to the uterus
polar body - small cell resulting from myopic
primary oozyte - egg cell that awaits development
progesterone
reproduction - parents produce new offspring
trophoblast - a group of cells surrounding the developing embryo that forms the placenta
Uterus
zygote - fertilized egg