PROBLEM 2.
7: COLUMN LOAD CALCULATION
A three-story building has columns spaced at 6.10 m in both orthogonal directions and is subjected to the roof and floor loads
shown below. Using a column load summation table, calculate the cumulative axial loads on a typical interior column with and
without live-load reduction. Assume a roof slope of 20.82 mm per meter for drainage.
y Roof loads:
y Dead Load Droof ≔ 1.20 kPa
y Second & Third-Floor loads
y Dead Load Dfloor ≔ 2.39 kPa
y Floor Live Load Lfloor ≔ 1.92 kPa
6.35 m 6.35 m
6.35 m
6.35 m
SOLUTION: 1. Calculate the Roof Live Load
20.82 mm
Tributary area of interior column: slope ≔ ―――― = 0.021 0.021 ⋅ 100 = 2.1
1m
⎛ 6.35 m 6.35 m ⎞ ⎛ 6.35 m 6.35 m ⎞ 2
AT ≔ ⎜――― + ――― ⎟ ⋅ ⎜――― + ――― ⎟ = 40.32 m
⎝ 2 2 ⎠ ⎝ 2 2 ⎠ Lr ≔ ‖ if 0% ≤ slope < 33.3% = 0.75 kPa
‖ ‖
‖ ‖ if 0 m 2 < AT < 20 m 2
‖ ‖ ‖
‖ ‖ ‖ 1 kPa
‖ ‖ if 20 m 2 < A < 60 m 2
T
‖ ‖
‖
‖ ‖ ‖ 0.75 kPa
‖ ‖ 2
‖ ‖ if AT > 60 m
‖ ‖ ‖ 0.60 kPa
‖ ‖ ‖
‖ if 33.3% ≤ slope < 100%
‖ ‖ 2 2
‖ ‖ if 0 m < AT < 20 m
‖ ‖ ‖ 0.75 kPa
‖ ‖ ‖
‖ ‖ if 20 m 2 < AT < 60 m 2
‖ ‖ ‖
‖ ‖ ‖ 0.70 kPa
‖ ‖ 2
‖ ‖ if AT > 60 m
‖ ‖ ‖ ‖ 0.60 kPa
‖ ‖
‖ if slope ≥ 100%
‖ ‖ 2 2
‖ ‖ if 0 m < AT < 20 m
‖ ‖ ‖ 0.60 kPa
‖ ‖ ‖ 2 2
‖ ‖ if 20 m < AT < 60 m
‖ ‖ ‖
‖ ‖ ‖ 0.60 kPa
‖ ‖ if A > 60 m 2
T
‖ ‖
‖ ‖ ‖ ‖ 0.60 kPa
‖ ‖
‖ ‖
2. Calculate the Reduced or design floor live-load
⎛ 1 ⎞
0.25 + 4.57 ⋅ ⎜―――― ⎟
⎜⎝ ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾
KLL ⋅ AT ⎟⎠
0.75 kPa
40.32 m 2 4 1.92 kPa 0.61 1.17 kPa
80.64 m 2 4 1.92 kPa 0.504 0.97 kPa
Tributary area (for live-load reduction) Unreduced floor live load Design Live Load:
For 2nd floor column:
Given: For 2nd floor column:
2
AT.2F ≔ 40.32 m Lo ＝ 1.92 kPa 0.61 ⋅ 1.92 kPa = 1.17 kPa
For Grnd flr to 1st flr column: Live-load reduction factor: For Grnd flr to 1st flr column:
For 2nd floor column: 0.504 ⋅ 1.92 kPa = 0.97 kPa
[Link] ≔ 2 ⋅ 40.32 m 2 = 80.64 m 2
⎛ 1 ⎞
0.25 + 4.57 ⋅ ⎜―――― ⎟ = 0.61
Live Load Element Factor ⎜⎝ ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾
4 ⋅ 40.32 ⎟⎠
For Grnd flr to 1st flr column:
For interior columns:
⎛ 1 ⎞
K＝4 0.25 + 4.57 ⋅ ⎜――――⎟ = 0.504
⎜⎝ ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾
4 ⋅ ((80.64)) ⎟⎠
⎝ ( )⎠
3. Compute the unfactored column axial load
Table 2.7b
Tributary Dead Unreduced Design Unfactored Unfactored Cumulative Unfactored Axial Load
Area Load Live Live Total Design Column Axial
AT D Load Load Load Load ∑P
at each level
Lo L ws P
(sq.m) (kPa) (kPa) (kPa) (kPa) (kN) (kN)
40.32 1.20 0.75 0.75 1.95 78.62 78.62
40.32 2.39 1.92 1.17 3.56 143.54 222.16
40.32 2.39 1.92 0.97 3.36 135.54 349.57
40.32 1.20 0.75 0.75 1.95 78.62 78.62
40.32 2.39 1.92 1.92 4.31 143.54 252.4
40.32 2.39 1.92 1.92 4.31 143.54 426.18
Unreduced Live load, Lo Unfactored Total Design Load, ws Unfactored Column Axial Load
For roof: With floor live-load reduction: P ＝ A T ⋅ ws
(the larger of) Lr or R @ roof level: D + Lr With floor live-load reduction:
For floor: Lfloor 1.20 + 0.75 = 1.95 @ roof level:
Basic (Sec. 203.4.1) @ 3rd flr level: D + L 40.32 ⋅ 1.95 = 78.62
D+F 2.39 + 1.17 = 3.56 @ 3rd flr level:
D+H+F+L+T @ 2nd flr level: D + L 40.32 ⋅ 3.56 = 143.54
D + H + F + (Lr or R) @ 2nd flr level:
2.39 + 0.97 = 3.36
D + H + F + 0.75[L + T(Lr or R)]
D + H + F + (0.6W + E/1.4) Without floor live-load reduction: 40.32 ⋅ 3.36 = 135.48
Alternative (Sec. 203.4.2) @ roof level: D + Lr Without floor live-load reduction:
D + H + F + 0.75[L + Lr (0.6W + E/1.4)] 1.20 + 0.75 = 1.95 @ roof level:
0.6D + 0.6W + H @ 3rd flr level: D + L 40.32 ⋅ 1.95 = 78.62
0.6D + E/1.4 + H @ 3rd flr level:
2.39 + 1.92 = 4.31
D + L + (Lr or R)
D + L + 0.6W @ 2nd flr level: D + L 40.32 ⋅ 3.56 = 143.54
D + L + E/1 4 2.39 + 1.92 = 4.31 @ 2nd flr level:
D + L + E/1.4 2.39 + 1.92 4.31 @ d e e
40.32 ⋅ 3.56 = 143.54
Cumulative Unfactored Axial Load, ∑ P
With floor live-load reduction:
@ roof level:
kN
1.95 ――2
⋅ 40.32 m 2 = 78.62 kN
m
@ 3rd flr level:
kN kN
1.95 ――2
⋅ 40.32 m 2 + 3.56 ――2
⋅ 40.32 m 2 = 222.16 kN
m m
@ 2nd flr level:
kN kN
1.95 ――2
⋅ 40.32 m 2 + 3.36 ――2
⋅ ((40.32 + 40.32)) m 2 = 349.57 kN
m m
Without floor live-load reduction:
@ roof level:
kN
1.95 ――2
⋅ 40.32 m 2 = 78.62 kN
m
@ 3rd flr level:
kN kN
1.95 ――2
⋅ 40.32 m 2 + 4.31 ――2
⋅ 40.32 m 2 = 252.4 kN
m m
@ 2nd flr level:
kN kN
1.95 ――2
⋅ 40.32 m 2 + 4.31 ――2
⋅ ((40.32 + 40.32)) m 2 = 426.18 kN
m m