Self-Perception and Self esteem
PERCEPTION
• •THE WAY IN WHICH SOMETHING IS REGARDED, UNDERSTOOD, OR INTERPRETED.
Daryl J. Bem
• Born in June 1938.
• is a social psychologist and professor emeritus at Cornell University. He is the originator
of the self-perception theory of attitude formation and change. He has also
researched psi phenomena,[1] group decision making, handwriting analysis, sexual
orientation, and personality theory and assessment.
Self-perception or Self-concept theory
Self-perception/ Self concept
• The idea that you have about the kind of person you are.
• Self- concept is the way a person thinks about himself or herself. Self-concept is one’s
mental image of oneself.
The Theory
• The term self-concept is a general term used to refer to how someone thinks about or
perceives themselves. is how we think about and evaluate ourselves
• Attitude follows behavior.
• It asserts that people develop their attitudes (when there is no previous attitude-due to a lack
of experience, etc.—and the emotional response is ambiguous) by observing their own behavior
and concluding what attitudes must have caused it.
3 concept of self-perception
• Self-image: The view you have of yourself
•Attributes or Characteristics
• Self-esteem or self-worth: How much value you place on yourself
• Ideal self: What you wish you were really like
Four dimensions of self- perception
• SELF-KNOWLEDGE- The knowledge that one has about oneself. Self-knowledge involves
basic facts ( age, weight and sex) and qualities (sincere, athletic, intelligent) related to
oneself.
• SELF-EXPECTATION- Involves the “ideal” self --- the self a person wants to be. It is the
setting of present and future goals. • What one expects of oneself; may be a realistic or
unrealistic expectations.
• SOCIAL SELf- Social self is how a person perceived by others and society.
• SOCIAL EVALUATION- The appraisal of oneself in relationship to others, events, or
situations
Behavioral motivation
• Intrinsic motivation- is the desire to engage in an activity because we enjoy it, or find it
interesting.
• Extrinsic motivation- is the desire to engage in an activity because of external rewards or
pressures.
Over justification effect
• An interesting sidelight to self-perception theory is the over justification effect.
• It defines as minimal rewards lead to high interest in a task; external rewards for tasks
lead to low interest in it.
• The original purpose of self perception theory was to explain phenomena covered by
cognitive dissonance theory, without using an internal drive state (dissonance) in the
explanation.
• Self perception theory argues that people examine two things when making decisions
about the cause of their own behavior.
•First, The behavior itself
•Second, The environmental forces working on the individual
Self-esteem theory
Self-esteem
• Briggs: how a person feels about himself, his overall judgment of himself, how much he
likes his particular person.
• James Battle: the perception the individual possesses of his own worth .
• One’s feelings of self-competence and self-worth.
• Self esteem is multidimensional.
The theory
• The total, essential, or particular being of a person;
individual Worth
Value
Opinion
judgment
• Self-esteem refers to the way we see and think about ourselves.
• self-esteem is made up of all the experiences and interpersonal relationships you’ve had
in your life. Everyone you’ve ever met has added to or taken away from how you see
yourself.
3 dimensions Social Self-esteem
GLOBAL SELF-ESTEEM
Physical
-Physical apperance physical ability
Social
-Work performance, performance in other task.
Performance
-Relationship with family members, relationship with significant others.
Factors affecting self-esteem
• Personal Aspirations
• Feedback from other people
• Self-Beliefs
• Academic Achievement
• Physical Appearance
• Family Environment
• Task proficiency and accomplishments
Determinants of self esteem
• THE REACTION OF OTHERs
• COMPARISON WITH OTHERs
• SOCIAL ROLES
• IDENTIFICATION
Consequences of having low self-esteem
• an have devastating consequences.
• can create anxiety, stress, loneliness and increased likelihood for depression.
• can cause problems with friendships and relationships.
• can seriously impair academic and job performance.
• can lead to underachievement and increased vulnerability to drug and alcohol abuse.
• Worst of all, these negative consequences themselves reinforce the negative self-image
and can take a person into a downward spiral of lower and lower self-esteem and
increasingly non-productive or even actively self destructive behavior.
Importance of self-esteem
• Productive Behaviour: people perform better when they consider themselves competent.
• Work Performance: “There’s only one thing that counts in a business: building the self-
esteem of your employees. Nothing else matters, because what they feel about
themselves is what they give to your customers.” according to Robert Darvin .
• Interpersonal Relations: “You will do unto others as you do unto yourself.” [Link] .
• Psychological wellbeing: self – esteem creates confidence, self-reliance, and overall
happiness in an individual, according to [Link]-un-Niss