Solution Exercise (Line Integrals)

1. Evaluate C dy  yzdz where C is the line segment from

2
x
(4, -1, 2) to (1, 7, -1) in 3
SOLUTION: Sketch the line C in 3D space
Get the vector equation for line C z
Point vector:
(parameterize line C)
r0  4, 1, 2
r  r0  td
Vector direction:
= 4, 1, 2  t 3,8, 3
d  3,8, 3
r  4  3t , 8t  1, 2  3t

(4, 1, 2) 0

C
x y

(1, 7, 1)
r  4  3t , 8t  1, 2  3t
x  4  3t , y  8t  1, z  2  3t
Find the new domain that satisfy two point in 3D, so at point (4, 1, 2)
4  4  3t
1  8t  1 t 0
t = 0 and t = 1 are the 1D domain that satisfy
2  2  3t the original point in 3D space. The trajectory
of line C now is from t = 0 to t = 1.
And, at point (1,7, 1)
(the limit of integral)
1  4  3t
0  t 1
7  8t  1 t 1
1  2  3t

Element of line, dr is determine by differentiation r over dt

dr  3, 8, 3 dt
 C
x 2 dy  yzdz
This integration form need to change to t and dt
x  4  3t , y  8t  1, z  2  3t
dx  3dt , dy  8dt , dz  3dt
t 1

t 0
8(4  3t ) 2 dt  3(8t  1)(2  3t ) dt

t 1 t 1
 8 (16  24t  9t )dt  3 (19t  24t 2  2)dt
2
t 0 t 0

1
19t
3 1  2
 8 16t  12t  3t   3 
2
 8t  2t 
3

 2 0
0

1 109
 87  3  
2 2
2. Evaluate CF  dr where the vector field in 2 is
F ( x, y )  ( x  y ), (1  x), 0 and curve C is the portion of
x2 y 2
  1 in the 4th quadrant with the counter-clockwise
4 9
direction.
SOLUTION: Sketch the line C in 2D space y
Get the vector equation for line C x2 y2
 1
(parameterize line C) 4 9
[polar plane coordinate]
x  2 cos  , y  3sin  (2,0)
Anisotropic Circle with radius x
0
on x is 2 and radius on y is 3
4th quadrant
anti-clockwise
r  2 cos  , 3sin 
(0,-3)
3
dr  2sin  , 3cos  d    2
2
Since the line C is in polar coordinates, then the vector F should be in polar
coordinates

F ( )  (2 cos   3sin  ), (1  2 cos  )

C
F  dr
2
 (2 cos   3sin  ), (1  2 cos  )  2sin  , 3cos  d
3 /2

2
 (4 cos  sin   6sin 2   3cos   6 cos 2  ) d
3 /2

2 2
 4  cos  sin  d  6  sin 2  d
3 /2 3 /2
2 2
 3 cos  d  6  cos 2  d
3 /2 3 /2

 3   3 
 2  6     3  6     1
 4   4 
3. Calculate the line integration C F  dr where the 3D vector
field is F ( x, y, z )  2e , z ( y  1), z and the vector
2x 2

equation of line, r (t )  t 3 , (3t  1), et for 0  t  2

SOLUTION:
r (t )  t 3 , (3t  1), et  dr  3t 2 , 3, et dt
x  t 3 , y  3t  1, z  et
Substitute x, y, and z into vector field F, so that F(x,y,z) transform into F(t)

F (t )  2e , et (3t ), e 2t
2t 3

F  dr  2e , et (3t ), e 2t  3t 2 , 3, et dt
2t 3

 (6t e 2 2t 3
 9tet  e3t ) dt
 2
 F  dr   (6t e  9tet  e3t ) dt
2 2t 3 Apply integration part
C 0 by part

2 2 2
  6t e dt  9  te dt   e3t dt
2 2t 3 t
0 0 0

 2t 3 
2
t 2 e  3t
 e  9 te  e    
t
 0 0
 3 0

  e  1  9(e  1)  (e  1)
16 1 6 2

3
1 6 23
 e  e  9e 
16 2

3 3
4. Let G be the vector field on 2 define by G ( x, y )  1, 2 x .
If curve C be the bottom half of the unit circle x 2  y 2  1
in 2 , counter clockwise direction, evaluate G  dr
 C

* If we write – C, mean the same curve C but in the opposite

direction of C, then what is the answer for G  dr ?
C
SOLUTION: Sketch the line C in 2D space y
Get the vector equation for line C
(parameterize line C)
[polar plane coordinate] (-1,0) 0 (1,0)
x
x = r cos, y = r sin

r  x, y  cos  , sin  x2  y 2  1
circle with r = 1
dr   sin  , cos d     2
Since the line C is in polar coordinates, then the vector G should be in polar
coordinates
G ( x, y )  G ( )
G ( )  1, 2 cos 
2
C
G  dr  

1, 2 cos    sin  , cos d
2
  ( sin   2 cos 2  ) d

2
 1 1  
 cos   2     sin 2   
 2 2   
 1  2   (1   )  2  

C
G  dr    G  dr  (2   )
C
 5. Calculate the line integral C F  dr where vector field given
by F ( x, y )  y 2 , 2 xy  1 and C is a triangle with vertices
(0,0), (4,0) and (0,5), oriented anti-clockwise direction.
SOLUTION: Sketch the line C in 2D space y

Label C1 , C2 and C3 (0, 5)

C  C1  C2  C3
C3 C2

C
F  dr   F  dr   F  dr   F  dr
C1 C2 C3

Parameterize each C to get dr

x
(0, 0) C1 (4, 0)
C1 is along x-axis, then y = 0, dy = 0
F ( x, y )  0, 1 r  4t , 0 F  dr  0, 1
dr  4, 0 dt 0  t 1
 1
C1
F  dr   0, 1  4, 0 dt  0
0

Parameterize line C2
r  4, 0  t 4, 5  4  4t , 5t dr  4, 5 dt

x  4  4t , y  5t at (4, 0) and (0, 5), then 0  t 1

F ( x, y )  F (t )  25t 2 , 10t (4  4t )  1
1
C2
F  dr   25t 2 , 10t (4  4t )  1  4, 5 dt
0

1
  (300t 2  200t  5)dt
0

  100t   100t   5t 0  5

3 1 2 1 1
0 0
C3 is along y-axis, then x = 0, dx = 0

F ( x, y )  y 2 , 1
Parameterize line C3
r  0, 5t dr  0, 5 dt 1 t  0

F (t )  25t 2 , 1
1
C3
F  dr   25t 2 , 1  0, 5 dt
0

0
  5 dt  5
1

The summation of all C gives

 C
F  dr  0  5  5  0