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Anatomy and Functions of Kidneys

The kidneys have important functions like regulating blood pressure, pH, and waste excretion. Each kidney has three surrounding tissue layers and internal regions. The outer renal cortex contains renal columns and lobes. The inner renal medulla consists of 8-18 renal pyramids ending in renal papillae. Together the cortex and medulla make up the functional parenchyma. Blood enters the kidneys via the renal arteries, supplying over 20% of the cardiac output despite the kidneys being a small organ.

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Edrea Aquino Mendez
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14 views3 pages

Anatomy and Functions of Kidneys

The kidneys have important functions like regulating blood pressure, pH, and waste excretion. Each kidney has three surrounding tissue layers and internal regions. The outer renal cortex contains renal columns and lobes. The inner renal medulla consists of 8-18 renal pyramids ending in renal papillae. Together the cortex and medulla make up the functional parenchyma. Blood enters the kidneys via the renal arteries, supplying over 20% of the cardiac output despite the kidneys being a small organ.

Uploaded by

Edrea Aquino Mendez
Copyright
© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

URINARY SYSTEM  Adipose Capsule – middle layer;

mass of fatty tissue that surrounds


Kidney Functions the renal capsule.
 Renal fascia – superficial layer; thin
 Regulating of the blood ionic
layer of dense irregular connective
composition
tissue that anchors the kidney to the
 Regulating blood pH
surrounding structures and to the
 Regulating blood volume
abdominal wall.
 Regulating blood pressure
 Maintaining blood osmolarity Internal Anatomy of the Kidneys
 Producing hormones
2 distinct regions:
 Regulating blood glucose level
 Excreting wastes and foreign  Renal Cortex – superficial, smooth-
substance texture reddish area
- Divided into outer cortical
Anatomy and Histology of the Kidneys
zone and inner
 Kidneys – reddish, bean-shaped and juxtamedullary zone
about the size of the tightly clenched - Renal columns – portions
fist. that extend between renal
pyramid.
-retroperitoneal (behind the - Renal lobe – overlying
peritoneum and located on each side of the area of renal cortex
vertebral column)  Renal medulla – deep, reddish-
brown inner region; consist of 8 to
External Anatomy of the Kidneys
18 cone-shaped called renal
 A typical kidney in adult is 10-12cm pyramid
long, 5-7 cm wide, 3cm thick and  Renal papilla -
has a mass of 135-150g. apex/narrower end
 Renal hilus – deep vertical fissure
*Together, the renal cortex and renal
through which the ureter emerges
pyramids of the renal medulla
from the kidney along with blood
constitute the parenchyma
vessels, lymphatic vessels, and
(functional portion) of one kidney.
nerves.
*Papillary ducts – urine formed by
3 layers of tissue that surrounds the
the nephrons; it drains into cuplike
kidney:
structures called minor and major
 Renal Capsule – deep layer; smooth , calyces.
transparent sheet of dense irregular
*Renal sinus – contains part of the
connective tissue that is continuous
renal pelvis, the calyces, and
with the outer coat of the ureter.
branches of the renal blood vessels
and nerves.

Blood Nerve and Supply to the


Kidney

Although the kidneys constitute less


that 0.5% of the total body mass,
they receive 20-25% of the resting
cardiac output via the right and left
renal arteries.
Illustrations:

 External Anatomy of the kidney

 Internal Anatomy of the kidney  Blood Nerve and Supply

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