Environmental Impact Assessment

Report on:
Corrugated Galvanized Steel Sheet,
Steel Profile and Insulated Panel
Production Project

Proponent:
xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
Submitted to:
Oromia Special Zone
Surrounding Finfine Land and
Environmental Protection Office
Jan, 2012
Finfinne
Table of Contents Page
1. Introduction..................................................................................................................1
1.1. General......................................................................................................................1
1.2. Objective of the EIA................................................................................................2
1.3. Methodology.............................................................................................................3
1.3.1. General...............................................................................................................3
1.3.2. Collection of available information...................................................................3
1.3.3. Field visits..........................................................................................................3
1.4. Public consultations..................................................................................................3
2. Environmental scoping................................................................................................4
2.1. Limits of the study area............................................................................................4
2.2. Valued ecosystem components with in the study area to be impacted by the project.
.........................................................................................................................................5
3. Policy, Legal and institutional framework...................................................................6
3.1 Economic Development Policies and strategies........................................................6
3.1.1The national economic development strategy.....................................................6
3.1.2. Ethiopian Investment Strategy...........................................................................7
3.1.3. Policy and legislation on the sector...................................................................8
3.2. Environmental policies and strategies......................................................................9
3.2.1. The constitution.................................................................................................9
3.2.2. The conservation strategy of Ethiopia (SE).....................................................10
3.2.3. The environmental policy of Ethiopia.............................................................11
3.2.4. Sectorial Policies and Strategies......................................................................13
3.2.5 Legislative Instruments.....................................................................................15
3.2.6. Environmental Impact Assessment Guideline Document...............................16
3.2.7. International Conventions and Protocols.........................................................17
3.3. Institutional Framework..........................................................................................18
3.3.1. National............................................................................................................18
3.3.2. Regional...........................................................................................................21
3.3.3. Zone.................................................................................................................21
3.3.4. District/town....................................................................................................22
3.3.5. Kebele / Peasant Associations........................................................................22
3.3.6. Community based Organizations (CBOs).......................................................22
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4. Project Descriptions.......................................................................................................24
4.1. Background to the project.......................................................................................24
4.2. Project Goal............................................................................................................24
4.3. Location..................................................................................................................24
4.4. Project Objective and Justification.........................................................................25
4.5. Project Justification................................................................................................26
4.6. Description of the Proposed Project (Nature and Scope Of the Project)................27
4.6.1. Pre- construction Phase....................................................................................28
4.6.2. Construction Phase..........................................................................................29
4.6.3. Physical Layout of the project.........................................................................30
4.7. Project Implementation Program and Arrangements..............................................30
4.7.1. Project Life......................................................................................................30
5. Baseline Environmental Condition of the Project Area................................................31
5.1 General: the study Area...........................................................................................31
5.2 Brief Description of the project Site and its Physical Layout.................................31
5.3 Physical Environment..............................................................................................32
5.3.1 Topography.......................................................................................................32
5.3.2 Geology and Soils.............................................................................................32
5.3.3 Climate..............................................................................................................33
5.3.4 Air Quality........................................................................................................36
5.3.5 Ambient Noise..................................................................................................36
5.3.6 Land Resource and Soil Erosion.......................................................................39
5.4 Biological Environment/ Flora and Fauna Resources/............................................39
5.4.1 Vegetation.........................................................................................................39
5.4.2 Wildlife.............................................................................................................39
5.5 socio-Economic Environment.................................................................................40
5.5.1 Population and Settlement Pattern....................................................................40
5.5.2. Social Livelihood.............................................................................................40
5.5.3. Education.........................................................................................................40
5.5.4. Public Health...................................................................................................40
5.5.5. Utility services.................................................................................................40
5.6. Historical, Cultural, Religious and Archeological Resources................................41
5.7. Public consultation and Social Acceptability of the project...................................41
5.8. Gender Equity Issues..............................................................................................42

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6.1. General....................................................................................................................43
6.2. Economic Benefits..................................................................................................44
6.2.1. Contribution to National Economic Performance...........................................44
6.2.2. Employment.........................................................................................................45
6.2.3. Investment........................................................................................................46
6.3. Social Benefits........................................................................................................47
6.3.1. Local Income Generation and Livelihood Improvement.................................47
6.3.2. Rural and Urban Development........................................................................47
7. Potential Adverse impacts and proposed Prevention and/or..........................................49
7.1. Pre-construction Phase Impacts..............................................................................49
7.1.1 Loss of an Income.............................................................................................49
7.2. Construction phase Negative Impacts and Their Mitigation..................................49
7.2.1. Alteration of pasture, landscape integrity and land use pattern....................50
7.2.2. Impact on Water and Other Natural Resources................................................51
7.2.3. Impact on Air Quality......................................................................................52
7.2.4. Impact on flora and fauna................................................................................53
7.2.5. Nuisance Noise................................................................................................54
7.2.6 Accident............................................................................................................54
7.2.7. Women’s Perspective.......................................................................................54
7.3. Operational Phase Adverse Impacts Identification.................................................55
7.3.1. Identification of Environment Aspects............................................................55
7.3.2. Cause and effect Analysis................................................................................56
7.3.3. Raw materials use caused adverse Impacts.....................................................57
7.3.4. Employees’ Health Hazard..............................................................................57
7.3.5. Soil and Groundwater pollution.......................................................................57
7.4. Economic Development Induced Adverse Impacts................................................58
7.4.1. social-cultural Impact......................................................................................58
7.4.2. Socio-economic Impacts..................................................................................58
8. Environmental management plan..................................................................................60
8.1. Pre-Construction Phase...........................................................................................60
8.2. Construction Phase.................................................................................................61
8.2.1. Site Preparation Management..........................................................................62
8.2.2. Solid Waste Management................................................................................62
8.2.3. Air Pollution and dust management.................................................................62

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8.2.4. On site cultivation and infrastructure..............................................................63

8.2.5. Health and risk management...........................................................................63
8.3 Operation Phase.......................................................................................................63
9. Environmental monitoring program..............................................................................65
9.1. GREEN BELT DEVELOPMENT..........................................................................66
9.2. ENVIRONMENT MANAGEMENT UNIT/CELL................................................66
9.3. Environmental Liaison Officer (ELO)....................................................................67
9.4. Site Safety and Environmental Manager (SSEM)..................................................68
9.5. ENVIROMETN MANAGEMENT ACTIVITIES.................................................69
9.5.1. WASTE MANAGEMENT..............................................................................69
9.5.2. Waste Minimization Guidelines.......................................................................69
9.5.3. Waste Handling Guidelines..............................................................................69
9.5.4. Waste Segregation Guidelines.........................................................................70
9.5.5. Waste Disposal Guidelines..............................................................................70
9.5.6. MONITORING................................................................................................70
9.5.7. CAPACITY BUILDNG AND TRAINING.....................................................70
9.5.8. REPORTING...................................................................................................71
9.5.9. ENVIRONMENTAL AUDIT..........................................................................72
9.5.10 Environment labeling and life cycle assessment............................................72
9.5.11. AV industries steel plc manufacturing company’s statement on the project..73
10. Conclusion and Recommendations..............................................................................74
10.1. Conclusions...........................................................................................................74
10.2. Recommendations.................................................................................................74

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 1. Introduction
1.1. General
The xxxxxx is a private firm established under Ethiopian law to produce
galvanized steel sheet, steel profile for gypsum board, insulated steel
panel and polystyrene and other assembling structures to supply the
local market/import substitute/ from imported galvanized steel. It is
involved in the production on an area of land 26.000 m 2 in the Oromia
national regional state special zone surrounding finfinne at xxxxxx town
in an area allocated for industry, according to the town master plan. This
town is located at about 30km from Addis, on Addis to Wolo asphalt
road. This Organization planned to produce the above mentioned
products to the local market as stated on the business plan of the
project. The current total investment capital required for the envisaged
project is thought to be about 79,405,457 Ethiopian birr or 4,670909
US$. The organization acquired land from Oromia national regional state
special zone surrounding finfine as per the existing law & regulation.

EIA study was conducted according to the legal frame work of EIA
proclamation of the government of FDRE, proclamation No. 299/2002.
This EIA report is also to be submitted to Oromia special zone
surrounding finfinne land and environmental protection office.

The purpose of EIA study is to identify and analyze the magnitude of

environmental impact and mitigate these adverse impacts where
significant. These may be, during pre- construct, construction and
operation phases.
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The EIA guide line (EPA, 1999) prepared by the EPA requires
development projects reduce adverse effects on physical, biological, and
socio-economic environment. The galvanized steel products, depending
on its scale and types of equipments to be used in the production cause
significant adverse affect to the biological, physical and socio-economic
environment.

xxxxxxxxxxx, the proponent of the project has assigned a team of experts

to undertake environmental impact assessment study for the above
stated steel products manufacturing project. Adverse environmental
impacts arise from production, pollutants and pollution loads of the
production, implements to be used, occupational harm and
environmental impacts during pre construction, construction &
operational phase.

As per the requirement of EIA study, the assigned team of experts carried
out EIA for the project under consideration. The report contains findings
of EIA carried out as integral part of the assignment.

1.2. Objective of the EIA

The fundamental objective of the environmental assessment is to ensure
that the proposed project is environmentally sound and to contribute to
the development of environmental assets. It is also expected to provide a
means where by the overall environmental performance of this project
can be enhanced through:
Identification of sensitive environmental components to be affected
by the project
Identification and evaluation of the potential impacts associated
with the project implementation and subsequent operation

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Preparation of plans and recommendations regarding measures

that will minimize adverse impacts and enhance beneficial impacts

1.3. Methodology
1.3.1. General
The methodology used conventional approach to meet the EPA’s
environmental impact assessment requirements like collection of
necessary, data and documents, desk top study, impact analysis,
choosing mitigation and enhancement measures using of optimization
tools. And developing environmental protection, monitoring and
management plans.

1.3.2. Collection of available information

The study team collected and reviewed published national policies,
legislations, regulations and guidelines as well as international
conventions and protocols ratified by the federal democratic republic of
Ethiopia (FDRE), central statistical authority (CSA) census reports and
documents. The existing environmental data were also gathered from the
feasibility study/business plan/ of the project.

1.3.3. Field visits

Field visits were done twice to assess the base line environmental
condition of the proposed project. To identify sensitive environmental
components, likely to be significantly affected by the proposed project,
information’s regarding physical & biological resources, socio-economic
and socio cultural profile data acquired.

1.4. Public consultations

Public consultation was undertaken for identifying issues during
‘scoping’ and impact study. Individuals were informally interviewed. The
consultation involved residents close to the project site participants were

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men, women, and also the youth living in the target community.
Following the consultation meeting an agreement is reached considering
the benefits that it brings to the community like job opportunity for the
local residents, the mitigation measures proposed to reduce/avoid/
negative environmental effects and on the issues of the community to be
addressed in the project implementation

2. Environmental scoping
In the aim deciding up on the limits of the study area for the project and
drawing the list of activities and impacts to be studied during the
assessment, the team carried out an initial environmental examination
and scoping

The scoping exercise has been carried out with the following main
objectives:
To define limits of the study area
To define list of valued ecosystem components within the study
area.
To define list of activities, type and magnitude of the proposed
project
To define list of impacts to be studied.
Different tools and techniques employed to the proposed project to carry
out the above mentioned tasks; environmental scoping checklist and
consultation of different stakeholders.

2.1. Limits of the study area.

The EIA study is conducted for those areas that would be influenced by
the impact of this steel products production project implementation. The
project site, the land adjacent to the project site and the neighboring

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environment are the most likely areas to be impacted either directly or

indirectly by the project implementation.

2.2. Valued ecosystem components with in the study area to be impacted

by the project.

This galvanized steel sheet, steel profile and insulated panel production
project is boarded by all-weather gravel road and other projects to be
developed according to the land preparation of the town shown on the
site plan.

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3. Policy, Legal and institutional framework

This chapter covers the policy, legislative and institutional issues that
are most relevant to development projects in general and
thisxxxxxxxxxxxxx, galvanized steel sheet, steel profile for gypsum board,
insulated steel panel and polystyrene and other assembling structures
manufacturing project in particular. The first section looks at the
National Economic development policy and strategies and sectoral
policies and strategies related to the project. The second section focuses
on existing environmental policies and strategies at the national and
sectoral level. Finally, the third section presents the existing institutional
frame-work for environmental protection and management.

3.1 Economic Development Policies and strategies

3.1.1The national economic development strategy
The guiding strategy under the national economic development is known
as the ‘Agricultural development led industrialization’ (ADLI). This
strategy further development in to sectoral strategies that include
agriculture, industry, mining, population growth, technological progress,
economic and social infrastructure, etc. the following can be identified as
the core elements of the agro-industrial development strategy component
of ADLI (MOPED 1993).
o The promotion of labor intensive technologies and utilization of
domestic raw materials.
o Determination of the composition of industrial output based on the
needs and income levels of the population.
o Government intervention to motivate the choice of labor intensive
technology that makes extensive use of domestic raw materials.

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3.1.2. Ethiopian Investment Strategy

There had been a number of investment proclamation and regulations
issued by successive governments as the country started to move
away from ‘centralized economy’ to ‘mixed economy’ (since 1992).
These policy issues influence the project in different aspects.

Above all; the following two documents that constitute the building
blocks of the current Ethiopian investment strategy, directly affect
investment in the country in general.
o Proclamation No. 37/1996: Investment proclamation of the
federal democratic republic of Ethiopia
o Proclamation of ministers’ regulation No. 7/1996: council of
ministers regulations to provide for investment incentives.

According to the investment proclamation No. 37/1996, the objective of

the investment policy of the federal democratic republic of Ethiopia
(FDRE) are designed to improve the living standard of the peoples of
Ethiopia through the realization of sustainable economic and social
development. Article 13 of the proclamation specifies the required
information for submitted an application for investment Permit. The first
sub article 14, prescribes the procedure for issuance of investment
permit, states the following:

Upon receiving an application for investment permit made in full

compliance with the provisions of Article 13 of this proclamation,
and after ascertaining within 10 days that the included
investment activity would not be contravening the operational
laws of the country and that, in particular, it complies with
conditions stipulated in environmental protection laws, the
appropriate investment organ shall issue an investment permit to
the applicant.

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The council of ministers regulation No. 7/1996 provides the terms and
conditions under which investment incentives are provided for investors.
The investment incentive is divided in to the following two categories:
exemption from income tax and exception from customs duty on
imported machinery and equipment. The exemption from income tax is
based on the following two criteria. The first criterion is the class of the
investment as pioneer investment, promoted investment, or expansion
and upgrading of existing investment. The second criterion is the location
of the investment with respect to its potential contribution to equitable
distribution of regional development.

In 1998, the government of FDRE issued the following proclamation and

regulations with the objective of amending the investment proclamation
and regulation issued in 1996.

Regulation No. 116/1998: A proclamation to amid the investment

proclamation
Proclamation No. 35/1998: council of ministers regulations on
investment Areas reserved for Domestic investors.
Regulation No. 36/1998: council of ministers regulations to amid
the investment incentives regulations.

3.1.3. Policy and legislation on the sector

Objective
 To sustainably enhance the production and productivity of
agricultural sector for improvement of the living conditions of the
people,
 To conserve and rational utilization of natural resource for
sustainable agricultural development,

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 Policy elements on crop protection focus on non- migratory and

migratory pests.
The policy statements include:
 Importation and handing over of crop protection technologies
should be based on testing their effectiveness,
 Spraying pesticides considered as effective control of migratory
pests,
 The need for the establishment of plant quarantine system to
prevent intrusion of exotic pests or move out of the country,
 Development of pesticide registration and control system, etc.

Export sector development program

Ethiopia has the most attractive incentive packages which make it an
attractive location for investment. Land is considered state property and
a company can easily obtain access to land to develop export production
(US$ 200 per ha). (Lows, 2006) The Ethiopian development Bank lends
70% of the capital to export projects, with out restrictions on nationality.
Furthermore, the Ethiopian government provides a five- year tax holiday
and an exemption from VAT and duties on imported inputs. The Dutch
Government has offered its citizen sizable development grants to shift
their production to Ethiopia. (Low, 2006)

3.2. Environmental policies and strategies

3.2.1. The constitution
The constitution of the federal republic of Ethiopia provides the
overriding principles and legal for all legislative frame works in the
country. The concept of sustainable development and the environmental
rights of the people are enshrined in the constitution by the following
articles that stipulate the rights of peoples in Ethiopia.

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Article 43: The rights of Development

1. The peoples of Ethiopia as a whole, and each Nation, Nationality
and people in Ethiopia in particular have the right to improved
living standards and to sustainable development.
2. Nationals have the right to participate in national development
and, in particular, to be consulted with respect to policies and
projects affecting their community.
3. All international agreements and relations concluded, established
or conducted by the state shall protect and ensure Ethiopia’s right
to sustainable development.
4. The basic aim of development activities shall be to enhance the
capacity of citizens for development and to meet their basis needs.

1Article 44- Environmental Rights

1. All persons have the right to live in a clean and healthy
environment.
2. all persons who have been displaced or whose livelihood have been
adversely affected as a result of state programs have the right to
commensurate monetary or alternative means of compensation,
including relocation with adequate state assistance.

These constitutional provisions have served as the guiding principle of all

activates that are related to policy formulation, strategy development and
the formulation of legislative and institutional framework for
environmental protection.

3.2.2. The conservation strategy of Ethiopia (SE)

The CSE, approved by the council of ministers in 1996, provides a
comprehensive and rational approach to environmental management in a
very broad sense, covering national and regional strategies, sectoral and

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cross sectoral policies, action plans and programs as well as providing

the basis for development of appropriate institutional and legal
frameworks for the implementation (EPA/ ministry of economic
development and co-operation 1996, MEDAC). It also deals with
providing a strategic framework for integrating environmental planning
in to a new and existing policies and projects. It mainly recognizes the
importance of incorporating environmental factors in to developmental
protection as an essential component of economic, social and cultural
development.

3.2.3. The environmental policy of Ethiopia

The major policy framework document with respect to environmental
management of Ethiopia is the Environmental policy (EPE) of the FDRE
approved by the council of Ministers in April 1997. The policy was
prepared under the joint-effort of the Environmental protection Authority
(EPA) and the environmental planning unit (EPU) of the ministry of
economic development and cooperation (MEDaC).
The policy contains elements that imply the importance of main
streaming socio-ecologic aspects in development programs. More
specifically, there are two cross-sectoral policies components with a
mainstreaming effect in the EPE. Article 46 of EPE covers different
aspects of the importance of incorporating environmental costs and
benefits in the development planning process. Under this Article, the
initiation of a pilot project on the application of environmental
accounting in Ethiopia was identified as one of the policies directions.
Further more, Article 4.6 states (EPA 1997, 21):

To explicitly consider in 5-, 10-, and 100 years time

perspective the economic costs & benefits to the environment

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in the planning of all major development programs, projects

and activities.

Article 4.9 of EPE covers the policy directive on E1A. The article contains
eleven sub- articles covering different aspects of EIA and the conditions
under which EIA must be performed. Article 4.9. g (EPa 1997,23)
provides a provision:

To create a by law on EIA process which requires appropriate

environmental impact statements and environmental audits for
private and state development projects.

The sectoral policies of EPE contain policy directions that may ensure
the promotion of sustainable industrial development in the country.
More specifically, Article 3.8 of EPE provides policy directions for the
control of hazards materials and pollution from industrial waste. This
sectoral policy emphasizes the importance of pollution prevention and
minimizations as the primary approach for pollution control. To this
effect, Article 3.6 states (EPA 1997, 15):

To adhere to the precautionary principle of minimizing

and where possible preventing discharge of
substances and to disallow the discharge when they
are likely to be hazardous.

Article 3.8.m more specifically (EPA 1997, 16) states:

To promote waste minimization processes including the efficient
recycling of materials wherever possible.

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3.2.4. Sectorial Policies and Strategies

National health policies and strategies
Article 2 of General polices states the ‘development of the preventive and
promotive components of health care’ as one of the basic polices
component. The promotion of occupational health and safety (Article
2.2.2) and the development of environmental health (Article 2.2.3) are
identified as priority policy areas for the health sector.

Article 5.2 states that the promotional and preventive activities shall
address ‘prevention of environmental pollution with hazardous chemical
wastes’. Article 1.3 of the health sector strategy that was developed in
1995 states the following under environmental and occupational health
and safety’ (TGE 1995):

Agricultural schemes and industries will be expected to have

strong health prevention and promotion program. Starting from
inception, appropriate health advice has to be sought &
incorporated in the project. Guidelines, standards, regulations &
legislations will be prepared in order to assist the community,
planners, builders, agricultural schemes and industries on safe
disposal of waste, minimizing environmental pollution and
incorporating appropriate health and safely standards in housing
and work premises.

Ethiopian water resources management policy

The federal government of the democratic republic of Ethiopia issued a
comprehensive & integrated water resources management policy in 1998.
The policy document outlines the following as the general policy
objectives (FDRE 1998:1).

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Development of the water resources of the country for economic

and social benefits of the people on equitable & sustainable basis.
Allocation and apportionment of water based on comprehensive
and integrated plans and optimum allocation principles that
incorporate efficiency of use, equity of access, and susstainablity
of the resources.
Combating and regulating floods through sustainable mitigation,
prevention, rehabilitation and other practical measures.
Conserving, protecting and enhancing water resources an the
overall aquatic environment on sustainable basis.

Special decree for the registration and control of pesticide

This decree:
Covers agricultural, household, public health, and industrial
pesticides;
Provides registration and control responsibilities to ministry of
agriculture;
Seeks to promote safer pesticide handling and use in the country;
Requires that all pesticides should be registered on the basis of
demonstrated product effectiveness and safety for humans, non-
target organisms and the environment;
Prohibits importation of highly hazardos, severally restricted or
banned pesticides (including most organochlories); and
Obliges that all pesticides must display labes that meet specific
MOA label requirements.
Requires data on:
 Specification;
 Common name of the active ingredient, according to ISO
Standards;
 Chemical name;

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 Empirical and molecular weight;

 Chemical and physical properties of the active ingredients;
 The formulation products; and
 Efficiency data to make the registration complete.

The decree also includes requirements for consideration for acceptance,

testing procedure and the content of report and information for
recommendation to be filled by the researcher.

3.2.5 Legislative Instruments

The federal government of Ethiopia is in the process of passing number
of proclamations that are aimed at providing the legislative instruments
for the implementation of the national environmental policy objectives
and strategies. The following environmental protection proclamations
were enacted by the council of representative of FDRE.

Proclamation on institutional arrangements

This proclamation established the EPA as an autonomous federal agency
with the objective of formulating environmental policies, strategies,
legislatives, standards and directives. The proclamation also provides for
the establishment of the Environmental council to ensure integration of
environmental concerns with development policies, strategies and plans,
as well as coordination among sectors. The environmental council is
chaired by the prime minister (or his designate) and is composed of the
relevant line ministries, heads of other government agencies and
representative of trade associations and NGOs. The executive Director of
EPA will serve as member and secretary of the environmental council.
Further-more, the proclamation requires every competent agency to
establish or designate its own environmental unit, which shall ensure
collaboration with EPA and be responsible to coordinate and follow up

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that activities of the agency are taking place in harmony with this
proclamation and other environmental requirements.

Proclamation on Environmental Impact Assessment

This proclamation requires all licensing agencies have to ensure that EPA
or the respective regional environmental agency has authorized their
implementation prior to issuing any type of license for projects. The EIA
proclamation includes provisions on: categories of EIA requirements,
duties and responsibilities of the project and the competent agency,
procedures on EIA report and its approval, conditions of offense and the
ensuing penalties and conditions of public participation in the EIA
process. The proclamation has an annex that contains lists of activities/
projects that require an EIA.

Proclamation on Pollution and Control

The proclamation contains general provision control which includes
among others environmental standards, powers and duties of
environmental inspectors, rights to appeal and offenses and penalties.
The pollution control component includes provisions on management of
hazardous wastes, chemicals and radioactive substances, management
of municipal wastes and protection of the ozone layer. The proclamation
has provisions on forfeiture cancellation and restoration.

3.2.6. Environmental Impact Assessment Guideline Document

The guide to EIA document that was prepared by EPA provides a
background to EIA and environmental management of Ethiopia. In effect
the document aims at being a reference material to ensure effective
environmental assessment and management practice in Ethiopia for all
parties who engage in the process. The basic objective of the guide is:
 Providing all interested parties with a consistent approach in EIA

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 Providing background information for the context of EIA in

Ethiopia
 Assisting proponents in identifying their EIA responsibility
 Assisting communities and NGO groups in realizing their
environmental rights with regard to EIA
 Assisting the authority in determining their roles and responsibility
as decision makers in the EIA process: and
 Assisting in decision-making with regard to cost and benefits of
proposed development projects.

3.2.7. International Conventions and Protocols

Beside the above national policies and strategies that are aimed on
environmental protection; the proposed project is influenced by
international environmental laws having an aim of global environmental
protection that are ratified by Ethiopia. Among these international
environmental protection conventions and protocols the Vienna
convention/ Montréal protocol is the main.

The Vienna convention and the Montréal protocol (including its

amendments) are the building blocks for the protection of Ozone Layer.
All these international treaties add certain features to the general treaty
to achieve the overall objectives of the treaties (I.e. protection of the
Ozone Layer).

The measures contained in the Treaties and Amendments aim to achieve

a gradual ban on production and consumption of ozone- depleting
substances. Several options were considered for ODS emission control
measures. One option considered was to “all0ocate emission rights on
the basis of gross national product and population.”

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Controlled substances are listed in the protocol’s annexes. Among them,

there are two families of gases which can be used as refrigerants in
refrigeration plants: CFCs (chlorofluorocarbons) and HCFCs (hydro
chlorofluorocarbons).

Ethiopia became a party to the convention and to the protocol in October

1994. The concerned legislative organ, realizing the adverse economic
implications of continuing with the consumption of ODS and resoling to
contribute to the global effort to the planet earth from destruction,
decided to become a party to both the convention and the protocol.

Article 9(4) of the constitution of the federal Democratic Republic of

Ethiopia provides that once an international agreement is ratified
through the accepted or established procedure, it automatically becomes
an integral part of the law of the land consequentially, the convention.

3.3. Institutional Framework

3.3.1. National
The administrative structure of FDRE is based a federal system that has
nine regional states and two special city administrations environmental
protection activities are directed and managed at the national level
through three levels of institutional arrangements. These are namely, the
environmental protection council, the environmental protection authority
and inter-ministerial commission coordinating mechanisms.

Environmental Protection Council

The proclamation for the establishment of the environmental protection
Authority establishes environmental protection council to ensure the
integration of environmental concerns with development policies,
strategies and plans as well as coordination among sectors. The council

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is composed of the Ministry of Agriculture, Ministry of Trade, ministry

Industry, Ministry of Health, Ministry of water and Energy, the ministry
of Science and technology, the Ministry of mines and the general
manager of EPA. An official to be designated by the government chairs
the council.

Environmental Protection Authority

The environmental protection authority (EPA) is the competent
environmental Agency at the federal level in Ethiopia established by
proclamation No. 9/1995. Article 5 of the proclamation states the
following as the objective of the EPA.

The objective of the Authority shall be to ensure that all matters

pertaining to the country’s social and economic activities are carried out
in a manner that will protect the welfare of human beings as sustainably
protect, develop and utilize the resource bases on which they depend for
survival.

Over the last few years, EPA has been working on streaming its
organizational structures in such a way that it will enable it to conduct
its duties and responsibilities effectively. According to the newly
approved organizational structure, EPA is composed of the following
departments and services.
 Departments
o Environmental protection policy and Legislation Department
o Pollution Control Department
o Environmental Education Department
o Environmental Economics and Public Affairs Department
o Ecosystem Study Department
 Services

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o Administration and Finance Service

o Audit service
o Environmental information Center
o Impact Assessment Service
o Laboratory service
o Planning and programming service
o Regional affairs coordination Service

When it comes to EIA, the Federal Authority will only be involved in EIA
processes where a proposed activist may:
 Have an environmental effect across the international
boundaries of Ethiopia;
 Have an environmental effect across regional boundaries with in
Ethiopia;
 Have an effect on an Environmental of national or international
significance;
 Have a Federal Government Department, the relevant regional
Authority or another statutory body as proponent.
 Have the Federal investment Authority as the investment
approval body.

Inter- Ministerial Commissions and Coordinating Mechanisms

Besides the environmental protection authority and the Environmental
protection council, there are a number of inter- ministerial commissions
that are established in the form of standing national committees and
boards facilitate cooperation and coordination cooperation Different
government ministries, authorities, commissions and NGO’s and other
relevant organizations. The following are some of these coordinating
mechanisms that are of direct relevant to the sector.
 Chemical Weapons convention Advisors board

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 Environmental Impact Assessment Report- Jan 2012

 Ozone National Committee

 National committee on Climate change
 National Radiation protection Board.

3.3.2. Regional
The Oromia region is one of the nine regions under the federal system of
the federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia. Oromia has a total area of
about 353,690km2, which covers about 32% of the country’s area
coverage.

The executive body of the Oromia regional state is structured under

cabinet guided by the office of the president and the vice president. There
are many bureaus and offices in the region; one of these bureaus is the
land and environmental protection bureau that was established through
the proclamation No. 147/2009. Article 5.1 of the regulation mandate
the bureau to ‘formulate policies, strategies, programs, or guidelines
pertinent to environmental protection and follow up its implementation
up on approval, while Article 5.12 mandates the bureau to ‘regulate and
follow up that any development activity is planned and implemented
without damaging the environment and disordering its balance.

When it comes to EIA, the national provisions indicate the federal EPA
devolves responsibility to the regional environmental offices, especially
for projects that fully under the jurisdiction of the regional governments.

3.3.3. Zone
There are seventeen zones in Oromia region and one special zone
surrounding finfinne. The zone administration is the highest organ in the
special zone surrounding finfinne and is composed of offices headed by
the cabinet members.

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3.3.4. District/town
The project totally lies in the Sendafa Bakke town. The highest
administrative structure of the town is the town council, which is
established consisting of the administrative arm and a cabinet headed by
the mayor.

3.3.5. Kebele / Peasant Associations

TheXXXXXXXXXXXX, galvanized steel sheet, steel profile for gypsum
board, insulated steel panel and polystyrene and other assembling
structures project located in Sandafa Bakke town, The kebele has its
own council consisting of the administrative arm and the cabinet
members. The cabinet members are composed of professionals and
personnel. The main responsibilities of the kebele’s include: promoting
urban development, executing government policies and facilitate their
implementation and conducting tax collection.

3.3.6. Community based Organizations (CBOs)

Similar to the other urban parts of Ethiopia, community based
organizations are present with the aim of providing services of one kind
or another to the community. Among the notable once are the farmer’s
cooperatives, woman’s association, youth associations and community
edir associations. The farmer’s cooperative is engaged in facilitating
agricultural extinction services such as plant/crop protection, provision
of fertilizers and distribution of improved seeds. The woman and youth
association works in close cooperation with the farmers association they
usually work with their respective members in improving their social and
economical well being as well as promoting relevant government policies.
The community edir (burial society) is one of the oldest traditional
institutions which are unique to the country. The principal function of

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these associations is to organize funerals of its deceased members and

usually they undertake all responsibilities from feeding the mourners to
digging the graves and providing financial and moral support to the
families to which has taken place. And it also creates a loan service to
the members in need.

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4. Project Descriptions
4.1. Background to the project
xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx aimed to establish a project that produce steel sheet
and steel profile and insulated steel panel. This project aimed to
manufacture corrugated galvanized steel sheet, steel profile for gypsum
board, insulated steel panels and assembling structures and supply
these products to the local markets. Demand analysis conducted shows
that the country has a huge demand for these products as is described
in the feasibility study of the project, since there is an ever growing
construction industry that need these products and there are also a few
companies involved in the production of the products the rest of the
demand for these products were covered through import. The AV
industries plc, considered the fact and wanted to get involved in the
production of the said steel products to exploit the advantage and
substitute the import.

4.2. Project Goal

The proponents proposed this project having an overall goal of taking
advantage of the opportunities existing in the galvanized steel sheet; steel
profiles and insulated steel panels demand in the local market due to the
ever growing construction industry and come out as a successful
producer of superior quality of the said products.

4.3. Location
The proposed project site is located at Sandafa town, which is situated at
special zone surrounding finfinne, 30km Northeast of Addis Ababa. The
specific location at which the plant to be erected is an area meant for
industries as per the master plan of the town. The land as on the site

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 Environmental Impact Assessment Report- Jan 2012

plan indicate that the XXXXXXXXXXX land is bordered by an all weather

road and other undeveloped projects for which the town prepared land.

4.4. Project Objective and Justification

Project objectives
The proposed project has primary and secondary objectives
 Primary objective:
To produce galvanized corrugated steel sheet,
steel profile and steel panel and supply the local
market to take advantage in the demand for the
products
To substitute the import for galvanized corrugated steel
sheet, steel profile and steel panel to save the foreign
currency
 Secondary objectives:
Provide job opportunities for about 97 local peoples
and contribute in reducing the number of jobless in the
locality as well as in the region
To support the construction industry by providing the
demand for the said products and contribute its share
in the growth of the sector and the development and
transformation plan of the country
Through expansion of the project there would be
access to export these products to the international
market
Contribute in the growth of skilled man power and
technology transfer in the steel industry
Pay government revenue from its earning in the form of
tax and income tax from its employs

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 Environmental Impact Assessment Report- Jan 2012

Conduct production in an environmental friendly and

consider the sustainability matters

4.5. Project Justification

Demand for galvanized corrugated steel sheets, steel profiles and
insulated steel panels is driven mainly by the growth of the construction
industries. There is a huge constructions of housing units of real
estates , condominium housings, commercial buildings and different
industrial and storage buildings are being constructed and according to
the growth and transformation plan of the country these constructions
are planned in huge quantity that create big demand gap for these steel
products. The companies both government and private, involved in the
production of these products are few to meet the ever growing demand of
these products. Xxxxxxxxxxxxxx considered the bigger demand gap and
interested to be involved in the production of these products to exploit
the advantages of the production.
Moreover, Ethiopia still relies on few traditional commodities such as
coffee and oilseeds for its export earnings and foreign currency
generation and employment opportunities. Now the country is working to
develop the industrial sector for its export earnings and foreign currency
generation and employment opportunities and technology transfer as is
indicated in the growth and transformation plan as the share of the
agricultural commodities in world trade as a whole is decaling, and the
stiff competition in the world market is affecting price adversely. This has
diminished the reliability of traditional export commodities as a source of
export earnings, economic growth and employment. To counter effect the
decline in foreign currency earnings due to the unreliable market
situation, Ethiopia, like many developing countries, is attempting to
diversify its export base with a view to gaining new sources of income
and foreign exchange.

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 Environmental Impact Assessment Report- Jan 2012

4.6. Description of the Proposed Project (Nature and Scope Of the

Project)
The project proposal envisages production of galvanized corrugated steel
sheets, steel profiles and insulated steel panels from imported galvanized
steel sheet of varies thicknesses. The steel sheets that are to be used as a
row material are galvanized steel sheet imported, in the production of the
galvanized corrugated steel sheet is to undergo the corrugation process
and the steel profiles are made into steel profile making process and the
third is steel panel making process from the sheets.

The proposed project comprises different stages of manufacturing

processes for the intended products. The production steps are well
established for a corrugated steel sheet such that the corrugation
process is carried out using the process of roll forming. This modern
process is highly automated to achieve high productivity and low costs
associated with labor. In the corrugation process sheet metal is pulled off
huge rolls and through rolling dies that form the corrugation. After the
sheet metal passes through the rollers it is automatically sheared off at a
desired length. The standard shape of corrugated material is the round
wavy style, but can be easily modified to a variety of shapes and sizes by
simply changing the dies. In our case rolled steel sheets are imported
only the corrugation process can be undergone using the corrugation
dies.
 Imported rolled steel sheet fed to the corrugation die to be
corrugated
 The corrugated galvanized steel sheet sheared off to the desired
length according to the production plan of AV industries steel PLC

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 Environmental Impact Assessment Report- Jan 2012

 The corrugated galvanized steel sheets after sheering off to the size
taken to the temporary storage by a fork lift to the place for the
purpose
The other main product of the company is the light steel profile for the
gypsum board this product provide accessory for the installation of the
internal partitions in the buildings.
The third very important product that the company intended to produce
is insulated steel panels with polystyrene this product is used mainly in
thee covering of walls and roofs of industrial buildings, storage,
residences and public structures. This product provides many
advantages to these structures like insulation against noise & electric,
shock, provides stability and good looking appurtenance.
The proposed project comprises different components to be executed at
different phases of the project life. Breaking them down according to the
type of activities will ease the identification of their likely environmental
impacts. The team believes that the convenient way to do so is to break
down each activity in to the following phases: pre-construction,
construction, and operation phases.

4.6.1. Pre- construction Phase

This phase of the project comprises the following three main activities:
 Feasibility Study
 Environmental Impact Assessment Study
 Engineering Design

Feasibility Study
The feasibility study of the project has two important components; i.e.
evaluating the technical and economical viability of the proposed project.
The proponent of the project hired experienced experts for the feasibility
study. This assignment is already done.

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 Environmental Impact Assessment Report- Jan 2012

 Technical visibility analysis

The technical viability analysis of the project comprises of the detailed
study of the following components:
o Socio-economic
o Selection of planting materials
o Selection of packaging materials and
o Power availability and requirement of the project.

 Financial viability analysis

In the financial viability analysis, a detailed assessment was made on the
trend of galvanized corrugated steel sheet, light steel profile for gypsum
board and the insulated steel sheet both locally and globally, and the
fate of this industry in the coming years. Some of the major topics
studied include:

Environmental Impact Assessment Study

With the aim of fulfilling the legal requirement of the country, the
proponent of the proposed project hired a study team of multi-
professionals for the preparation of a standard EIA report.

In this report, the study team outlines:

 The potential positive impacts and their enhancement measures
 The expected adverse impacts and their mitigation measures
 Preparation of the management plan

4.6.2. Construction Phase

Civil Works
The manufacturing plant is established on well defined and measured
land. The natural slop of the site is quite suitable and excellent for the
said project. The civil engineering works include: selection of appropriate
plant erection site, cleaning and leveling of the land, building, and

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 Environmental Impact Assessment Report- Jan 2012

fencing, established of footing for machineries, erection of machinery.

During this time, there are movements of solid and removal vegetation
cover if exist.

There are also industrial safety issues to be considered during

construction and operation phases. Thus, industrial safety materials
such as shoes, cloth, goggles, and gloves will be provided to the directly
involved production workers.

Water and power Supply System works

The water source of the proposed Gypsum-plaster manufacturing project
is tap water provided by the town main line
The primary source of power is electricity the project site is adjacent to
the main power grid making electricity easily accessible. The total power
requirement for the initial and subsequent phases put together would be
ranging from 1000KWH. In case of power failure, a reserve 120 KVA
generator will be on a standby

4.6.3. Physical Layout of the project

The proposed project contains defined physical layout which include:
three raw materials storage, the main production building, three storage
ware houses for the final products, and management office buildings.
These all takes a total of 12,000m2 of land

4.7. Project Implementation Program and Arrangements

4.7.1. Project Life
Experience taken to the Ethiopia condition and manufacturing worldwide
have shown that the steel sheet s, light steel profile and insulated steel
panel production manufacturing project has indefinite time to work in
the sector as long as it is economically viable and environmentally
sound.

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5. Baseline Environmental Condition of the Project Area

Environment means surroundings, which are comprised by things and
conditions. Pertaining to the XXXXXXXXXXXXXX galvanized steel sheet,
light steel profile for the gypsum board and insulated steel panel
manufacturing project both bio-physical and socio-cultural aspects have
been considered. Prior to detail description of the project site, a general
description of the study area presented.

5.1 General: the study Area

The study area; when we mean, comprised the project site and all
surrounding areas that will be under significant influence, i.e. where the
environmental impacts of the proposed project can be felt (particularly
the direct one). As the team’s environmental scoping exercise indicated
the environmental impact that can arise from the project can cover a
total area of 1km2. This estimation is based on the fact that the areas
situated near to the project site are directly impacted (both positively and
negatively) by the project.

5.2 Brief Description of the project Site and its Physical Layout
The project area is located in the central Ethiopia. It is situated about 30
km North east of Addis Ababa along the main Addis Ababa- Wolo road in
Sandafa Bakke town and the project site covers a total area of 12,000m 2
of land.

The land for this project is obtained from the Oromia Special zone
surrounding finfinne on the basis of lease and all necessary

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compensation is paid for local farmers and residents. The specific project
site is bordered by areas of urban community, farm and gullies and road.

5.3 Physical Environment

5.3.1 Topography
The topographic condition of the project site can be expressed based on
qualitative and actual value (quantitative) based. The qualitative
approach describes the project site’s relative topographic feature with
respect to the local topographic condition. With this respect, the project
site is categorized under the flat topographic feature.

5.3.2 Geology and Soils

 General geology

The Sandafa and its surrounding area represents a zone of central

Ethiopian plateau. This region is mainly covered by sedimentary rocks.
The area is mainly dominated by flat plains with some rising peaks.

Soil Types
According to F. Itanna, 1992 the soils at Berrek are identified as vertisols
associated with other soil types mainly Andisols. FAO/UNESCO, (1988)
describes the vertisols as follows: Vertisols are characterized by their
high clay contents. They are often dark colored. Due to their smectite
clay mineralogy, they are very hard and crack when dry, but become
sticky and plastic (often impassable) when wet. These are chemically rich
soils, but they may develop on an undulating micro relief which hampers
mechanization. Vertisols have great agricultural potential, but special

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 Environmental Impact Assessment Report- Jan 2012

management practices are required to secure sustained agricultural

production.

5.3.3 Climate

General

Ethiopia is situated within the tropics and therefore is subject to

comparatively small seasonal variations in temperature, but experiences
considerable diurnal fluctuations in temperature (Gamachu, 1977).
However, the project area shows great seasonal variation in rainfall and
humidity. Most of the annual rainfall occurs between late June and mid
September. During this period, the large low pressure zone located over
the Indian Ocean and the Arabian Sea dominate the airflow and there is
a strong movement of moist air from Southwest to Northeast, i.e. from
the high pressure center over the Gulf of Guinea (Atlantic Ocean)
towards the low pressure center of Arabia. This movement carries warm,
moist, unstable air masses from the Congo basin to Ethiopia and is the
largest source of rainwater. The driest time of the year is usually the
months of November to January, when the prevailing winds are the
northeast trades, bringing dry air from central Asia. The lowest daily
minimum temperatures usually occur during this period. In most years a
shorter period of fairly heavy rainfall (the little rains) can be
distinguished sometime between February and May. But in some years
this scarcely occurs, and in other years there is no very obvious
interruption between the rains of the main wet season and the period of
the small rains. The weather throughout the Ethiopian highlands may
vary considerably from one year to another. This is due to the passage of
the Inter tropical Convergence Zone over Ethiopia.

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 Environmental Impact Assessment Report- Jan 2012

Rainfall

In Ethiopia, fourteen rainfall regions are recognized based on whether

the rain moths are continuously distributed (type I) or there are two
rainy “seasons” (type II) (Gamachu, 1977).

The project area is characterized by two rainy seasons. Like most of the
regions of country, Sandafa and its surrounding is located in regime IID.
Regime IID is characterized by six rainy months from March to April and
June to September. The small rains are in March, and the big rains are
from June to September with very high concentrations in July and
August (gamachu, 1977).

From the long- term rainfall data of the study area the precipitation of
the area shows large seasonal and inter annual variability. The
precipitation is recorded in the Agricultural Research Institute and
according to the 10 years mean annual rainfall at the Agricultural
research station is 1000mm/yr.

Table 5.1 the rain fall of ten years by months of the year
RAIN FALL (mm)
YEAR JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUNE JULY AUG SEPT OCT NOV DEC TOTAL

1990 0 143.9 60.5 75.7 28.1 61.8 208.6 146 141.6 5 0 0 871.2
1991 0.3 37.6 54.5 7.9 1.9 47.2 169.7 191.5 50 4.6 0 7.2 572.2
1992 11 98.5 4.7 37 9.9 78.7 289.5 251 128.9 23.8 6.7 0.9 940.6
1993 1.8 52.8 0 96.9 37.6 117.7 184 213.2 117.7 3.2 0 0.2 825.1
1994 0 0 17.5 53.6 69.5 95.9 257.5 158.7 107.6 0 14 0 774.3
1995 0 18.3 10.8 75.7 9.2 41.4 208 188.8 100.6 0 0 0 652.8

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 Environmental Impact Assessment Report- Jan 2012

1996 32 0 70.5 38.8 72 206.6 298.2 173.4 52.2 0 5.2 0 948.9

1997 43.1 0 13.8 54.1 3.1 71.6 223.2 184.2 52 92.7 16.3 0 754.1
1998 15.4 56 16.2 54.5 60.7 77.9 198.5 322.8 91.1 73.1 0.2 0 966.4
1999 0 0 28.3 1 15 134.3 236.6 279.6 54.1 59.6 0.2 0 808.7
2000 0 0 20.5 49.2 69.3 52.1 185.3 210.1 115.7 26.2 37.1 2.2 767.7
2001 0 9.1 172.4 25 106.1 55 308.2 116.8 48.2 2.1 0 0 842.9
2002 8.4 7.6 43.2 33.3 20.6 161.7 214.8 166.6 76.2 0.3 0 12.9 745.6
2003 26.8 52.9 58.1 53.7 12.3 84.8 295.7 347.4 45.2 0 0.1 56.5 1033.5
2004 22.2 6.7 52.8 89.3 25.5 141.1 168.8 224.5 76.3 12.4 6.8 0 826.4
2005 34.7 0 95.5 83.4 57.4 103.3 179.9 138.2 129.3 0 6.7 828.4

The rainfall distribution from this recording station shows high rainfall in
the months of June, July August and September and small rain in
March, April and May (Table 5.1). There is a slight decrease in rainfall in
the month of May which is the period of transition from the small spring
rains to the big summer rains.
Temperature
The temperature values from the Agricultural Research Institute are
shown in the Table 5.2 below. Generally, months of March, April, May,
and June, have the highest average temperatures while November,
December and January have the lowest. The maximum temperature
reaches as high as 24.90c, in May while the minimum temperature gets
as low as 6.180c, in December.

Table 5.3 temperature

JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUNE JULY AUG SEPT OCT NOV DES

53.29 48.69 49.7 51 49.57 60.42 73.18 75.05 69.8 54.61 48.9 49.52

Wind speed

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In Ethiopia, the annual prevailing wind direction is westerly during the

rainy season and easterly during the dry season. According to the
metrological station near to the project site the average prevailing wind
frequency or speed for the last five years is around 2.22m/s. the
minimum wind speed occurs for the months between June and
September.

Table 5.4 wind speed

JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUNE JULY AUG SEPT OCT NOV DES

2.138 2.63 2.4 2.62 2.29 1.712 1.596 1.682 1.648 2.504 2.83 2.6775

5.3.4 Air Quality

Air quality record is none existent and is not common practice nation
wide, hence thee is no information regarding the air quality of the project
area. In the view of the presence high traffic flow in the area, it is
assumed that vehicles exhaust gas caused air quality disturbance is the
major local air pollution problem.

5.3.5 Ambient Noise

The sound or noise could be generated from various sources but with
respect to this project the main source identified is the transport noise,
the production machineries like the corrugation die. The transport noise
originates from road traffic. Noise from road vehicles produces disturbances to more
people than any other noise source and this has been increasing over the last decades for a
number of reasons. The total number of road vehicles and hence the density of road
traffic is steadily increasing. The faster the traffic travels, the greater the noise volume.

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Table 5.2
TEMPRATURE (oc)
Year JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUN JUL AUG SEPT OCT NOV DEC Total
Min. 7.9 13.3 11 12.1 11 10.7 13.2 13.5 12.4 8 7.5 6.4 127
Max. 26.3 26.7 27.3 26.7 28.9 28 24.9 24.3 24.8 25.5 26.1 25.9 315.4
1990 Avg. 17.1 20 19.1 19.4 19.9 19.3 19 18.9 18.6 16.7 16.8 16.1 220.9
Min. 10.1 11.7 12.5 12 12.4 12.7 13.9 13.6 12.2 11.2 7 7 136.3
Max. 27.4 27.5 28.3 29.7 30.6 29.4 23.7 23.7 25.2 26 25.8 25.5 322.8
1991 Avg. 18.7 19.6 20.4 20.8 21.5 21 18.8 18.6 18.37 18.6 13.4 16.2 229.3
Min. 10.3 11.9 12.4 12.6 11.9 11.8 12.9 13.9 11.7 9.4 7.8 9.2 135.5
Max. 25.8 26.9 29.7 29.8 32 28.7 24.1 22.9 23.9 25.2 25 25.7 319.7
1992 Avg. 18 19.4 21 21.2 21.9 20.2 18.5 18.4 17.8 17.3 16.2 17.4 227.3
Min. 10 10.9 8.9 13.3 11.9 11.5 13.2 13.3 12.8 9.5 7 6.3 128.8
Max. 25.7 25.6 29 27.7 28.2 27.2 24.6 24.3 24.7 25.5 25.9 26.1 314.5
1993 Avg. 17.8 18.2 18.9 20.5 20 19.3 18.9 18.8 18.7 17.6 16.4 16.2 221.3
Min. 7.8 9.5 12.5 13.2 12.6 12.7 13.8 13.5 11.7 8.2 8.7 6.8 130.8
Max. 27.3 28.6 29.4 29.5 30.4 27.4 24.4 23.4 24.4 25.9 25.1 25.1 321.3
1994 Avg. 17.4 19 20.9 21.3 21.5 20 19.1 18.4 18 17 16.9 16.1 225.6
Min. 7.7 11.3 12.7 14 12.8 11.2 13.4 13.9 10.4 9.7 7.4 10.3 134.8
Max. 26.5 28.1 28.2 27.7 30.6 29.8 24.1 23.8 25.2 25.7 25.6 27 322.3
1995 Avg. 17.1 19.7 20.4 20.8 21.7 20.5 18.7 18.8 17.8 17.7 16.5 18.6 228.3
Min. 10.8 9.8 13.4 12.1 12.2 13.2 13.2 13.3 12.1 8.4 7.1 6.8 137.4
Max. 26.5 29.3 28.8 28.9 28.4 14.2 24.3 24.3 25.6 26.3 25.6 25.8 318
1996 Avg. 18.6 19.5 21.1 20.5 20.3 18.7 18.7 19.8 18.8 17.3 16.3 16.3 227.4
Min. 10.7 11.8 12.5 12.6 13.2 13.1 13.9 13.8 12.3 11.7 10.7 7.7 143
Max. 26.4 27.7 29.5 28.2 30.3 28.5 24.9 24.2 26.8 26.3 26.6 34.3 333.7
1997 Avg. 18.5 19.7 21 20.4 21.7 20.8 19.4 19 19.5 19 18.6 21 240.6
Min. 10.9 12.8 13.2 13.8 13 12.5 14.1 14 13.1 11.4 7.4 5.7 142.4
Max. 26.4 28.5 29.5 30.6 30.3 13.1 24.9 29.8 24.9 25.4 25.6 24.6 331.6
1998 Avg. 18.6 20.6 21.3 22.2 21.6 21.8 19.5 21.9 19 18.4 16.7 15.1 236.7

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 Environmental Impact Assessment Report- Jan 2012

Min. 8.4 8.3 12.5 12.2 12.2 11.9 14.9 13.6 11.7 10.5 6.1 6.3 128.6
Max. 26.4 28.1 27.1 30.1 29.8 27.9 23 24.7 25.9 24.7 24.5 24.7 316.7
1999 Avg. 17.3 18.2 19.8 21.1 21 19.9 19.9 19.1 18.8 17.6 15.3 15.5 223.5
Min. 7.1 7.7 10.3 12.9 11.7 10.8 13.2 13 12.4 9.5 7.6 6.5 122.7
Max. 26.4 27.4 28.8 31.5 29.7 27.1 24.4 23.3 24.9 25 25.2 25.5 319.2
2000 Avg. 16.7 17.5 19.5 22.2 20.7 18.9 18.8 18.1 18.6 17.2 16.4 16 220.6

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 Environmental Impact Assessment Report- Jan 2012

5.3.6 Land Resource and Soil Erosion

The land resource in the project area has potential for development
including manufacturing. There is no major erosion problem or land slide
observed along the project area. This may chiefly attributed to the flat
terrain and none existence of land for cultivation.

Water Resources

Surface waters
Surface water source is reported at the near by of the project area.

Groundwater
Ground water is present at relatively deep depth, which makes difficult
for most of the population to get water for drinking purposes.

5.4 Biological Environment/ Flora and Fauna Resources/

5.4.1 Vegetation
The area under study does not have natural vegetation cover. It is a
plainly land for grazing of livestock used by local community for year. It
is also a water logged area, where the site is use for grazing purpose.
Therefore, no man- made and natural vegetation cover would be affected
by implementation of the proposed project. However, pasture and wet
land need care and attentions.

5.4.2 Wildlife
No significant wild life in the project area is observed. According to the
local people explanation, however; at night hyenas and foxes occasionally
visits the area.

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5.5 socio-Economic Environment

5.5.1 Population and Settlement Pattern

The proposed project is planned to be located in Sandafa town, of oromia

special zone surrounding finfinne. The special zone towns are known for
their higher un employment rate than any other towns of the region due
higher rural urban migration, rural urban migration from the regional
rural and urban centers and Addis Ababa in expectation of better job
opportunity in these towns. Sandafa town is one of such town where the
problem of unemployment persist hens the proposed project offers job
opportunity for Poor residents as direct beneficiaries of the project. The
project provides employment opportunities for a total number of
97people of the area.

5.5.2. Social Livelihood

The livelihood of the peoples around the project area is primarily based
on agriculture and commercial activities.

5.5.3. Education
Regarding the educational facility found around the project site, there
are primary and secondary schools which the local population sends its
children to.

5.5.4. Public Health

There are also public health services around the project area, which
serve local people and residents from rural areas.

5.5.5. Utility services

Water Supply and Sanitation

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 Environmental Impact Assessment Report- Jan 2012

According to the local peoples interviewed during the field visit the main
source of potable water around the project site is tapping and ground
water and no complain was noticed regarding with its sanitation
problems or fluctuation of supply through out the year.

Energy Sources and Coverage

There is electric power supply near the project site and throughout the
town. The energy need of the local peoples, however; depends mainly on
traditional sources like fire wood, biomass fuel, charcoal, crop residue
and animal dung.

5.6. Historical, Cultural, Religious and Archeological Resources

There is no reported historical; or archeological resource in the project
area. During the field visit the team does not encounter site of historical,
cultural, religious and archeological importance located along the project
area. Enquiries to residents around the project have indicated that there
are no known sites of historical or archeological significance in the
vicinity of the project.

5.7. Public consultation and Social Acceptability of the project

Public consultation was undertaken, for identifying issues (scoping) and
during impact study. During the impact study individuals were
informally interviewed. The consultation involved residents living in the
area close to the project site. The participants were men, women, and
also the youth living in the target community.
Due to the large number of unemployed persons and the long distance
they are traveling to get a job, during the public consultation it was
noted that the local peoples have a positive attitude to the
implementation of the proposed manufacturing plant and during the

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discussions it was also made clear that the proper environmental

protections are to be under taken regarding the project.

5.8. Gender Equity Issues

There is gender inequality in the project area as it is also the case in
most part of Ethiopia. Women manage the bulk of house hold affairs in
the area, including food marketing and preparation, fetching water and
collecting fuel wood, and caring for children the elderly and the sick. On
the fields, they work men inland leveling, weeding and harvesting. They
are also responsible for milking and providing green fodders for animals,
mainly cows which graze the homestead.

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6. Environmental Impacts and proposed Mitigation Measures

6.1. General
This part of the report addresses potential impacts associated with the
proposed project and measures for both mitigating (i.e. avoidance,
reduction, or restoration of negative impacts, and enhancing i.e.
improvements of) positive effects of the manufacturing project. The major
positive impacts of the proposed project are mainly those of economic
benefits at the national, regional and local level due to the earning of
creation of employment as well as technological capacity building for the
citizens, while the minor adverse impacts are mainly results from
processing of byproducts particularly solid wastes.

As major raw materials (input) for the manufacturing imported

galvanized steel sheet, electric power, liquid waste from cooking and
toilet facilities and solid waste or effluents of significant impacts on
human health and surrounding ecosystem are expected to generate from
the manufacturing process unless the project is properly planned and
the environment well managed. Besides, safety effects on employees,
dust and movement of soils during construction are other sources of
impacts.

To minimize these wastes and reduce impacts on human health, the

study team introduced and imported very efficient machinery for
manufacturing process of the intended products and production plants.
The manufacturing project machineries are of a well efficient in quality
processing of products. Cost- effective and environmentally sustainable
techniques that can mitigate the adverse impacts were proposed.
Emphasis is given for best quality raw material source, processing of

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products as well as efficient management of effluents suitable for the

project.
Special consideration is given to enhancement of positive effects of the
project (e.g. utilization of the local manpower at different states of the
project and hiring them during the production stage when there is the
possibility to do so).

Beneficial Impacts
The establishment of this manufacturing project will have a number of
positive impacts on both at the national and local level. Some of the
major positive impacts include technological capacity building, earning
revenues and creation of employment. These potential positive impacts,
their origin and characteristics and proposed measures to enhance those
benefits presented below.

6.2. Economic Benefits

6.2.1. Contribution to National Economic Performance
Impact Origin and characteristics
The revenue the project can bring by manufacturing quality galvanized
corrugated steel sheet, light steel profiles for gypsum board and
insulated steel panels will have a contribution for the country’s economic
development. The financial evaluation of the project indicates that the

proposed project expected to pay back the investment capital in 6 years

period further more as is indicated in the business plan of the AV

industries steel plc, the IRR and other financial indicators prove the
viability of the manufacturing project.

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Beside above financial resource induced economic development

contributions, the project will be an opportunity for the introduction of
new technologies to the country.

Benefit Enhancement Measures

Executing the proposed project in the manner it benefits the country at
large (example: production of quality steel sheets, light steel profiles and
insulated steel panels introduction of technologies that maximize the
sector product yield) is the proposed benefit enhancement measure.
Participating local professionals at different stages of the project will
enhance capacity building in the sector. This is also an opportunity to
minimize operating costs and professionals can be readily available
locally for maintenance and expansion activities for the company.

6.2.2. Employment
Impact Origin and Characteristics
The direct and indirect employment opportunity to be created for citizens
is the other economic benefits of the project beyond to those economic
out discussed above.

The feasibility study of the project indicates that, this manufacturing

creates direct job opportunities for a total of 97 workers in which most of
them to be the local residents. Therefore, the project will be an
opportunity for the diversification of the currently existing subsistent
agricultural based economic activity in the area. This economic
diversification will not be limited to the local economic base, but it will
benefit the district as a whole.

Benefit Enhancement Measures

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Special consideration is given to enhancement of the positive effects of

the project by maximizing the distribution of this employment related
project benefit. The team considered the issue at national and local level.

Hiring local professionals and service providers where possible, enhances

the benefit at regional level. Requirement of local available labor for
positions that do not require skill enhances the benefits at local level.
Although labor requirement at the construction stage of the project is a
matter for the contractors, who have the right to determine whom they
shall and not shall not only maximizes the distribution of the benefit, but
also promotes the projects social acceptability.

In addition to the above proposed measures that can enhance the direct
employment opportunity of the project.

6.2.3. Investment
Impact Origin and Characteristics
The feasibility study of the project indicates that the proposed project
requires a total investment cost of 79,405,457 Ethiopian birr or
4,670909 US$. which building construction and machinery are the major
cost component of the project. This will have a significant input on the
investment capacity, most importantly at region level.

Benefit Enhancement Measures

Complying with public and private requirements and producing at low
costs of production maximizes benefits from the investment. Although,
they require effort of external institution and governmental bodies,
facilitating the investment process, including development credits
enhances the benefit.

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6.3. Social Benefits

6.3.1. Local Income Generation and Livelihood Improvement
Impact Organ and characteristics
The employment opportunity to be created by the project will have social
benefit beside the expected economic benefit. The employment income
from the project will have a substantial role for social livelihood
improvement in the project area. This local income generation related
social benefit will have long term as well as cumulative benefits:

Poverty reduction: As a result of creation of jobs the project will have a

meaningful impact on poverty reduction as the project area is inhabited
by largely unemployed and marginal farmers, the employment priorities
would focus on households subsisting below the poverty line.
Education opportunity particularly girls: The increased income from
the employment in the project will improve substantially the living
standard of the immediate area. Due to their improved income families
can afford to send their children to school and supply their school needs
adequately.

Benefit Enhance measures

Consideration to be given for keeping the above beneficial opportunity
the project provider to women and actions to avoid work area problems
women can face. The actions to be taken include:
Strict rule on work area sexual harassments.
Job security
Appropriate payment (equal payment standard with men engaged
on equivalent work load).

6.3.2. Rural and Urban Development

Impact Origin and Characteristics

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The implementation of the project is expected to contribute to the

development of intuitions that would provide social services to the local
community. Since the project is expected to involve hundreds of workers
this by itself induces the establishment of medical and other service
giving centers.

Beside this project development induced rural-urban development

potentials, according to the projects proponents’ expiation; they have a
pack of plan for participating social services development programs. As
part of this EIA study, the proponent assigned the team to assess
problem areas concerning social services and prioritize according to the
interest of the community.

Benefit Enhancement Measures

Consideration is given to measures that can maximize the benefits the
local community can obtain from the development of the services
intended by the proponent. Integrating local knowledge’s at each stage of
the intended program implementation will maximize the benefit of the
services. Participating the local administrative and community during
planning implementation & management is not only be an opportunity
for facilitating the process but also makes the community to consider the
services as their property.

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7. Potential Adverse impacts and proposed Prevention and/or

Mitigation Measures
The proposed project is characterized with significant pre-construction
phase; construction phase and operation phase negative impacts. This
section of the report outlines these adverse impacts and presents the
proposed prevention/mitigation measures.

7.1. Pre-construction Phase Impacts

Potential negative impacts associated with the pre-construction phase
activities of the project include:
Loss of housing and income which provides family’s subsistence
Damage on the soil and grazing area/pasture/for cattle

7.1.1 Loss of an Income

Impact Origin and Characteristic
Even though the project site is situated in an urban center and the land
is meant for industries, it should be expropriated from land holders on
local farmers’ or pasture lands or family residence. This situation is
known to bring loss of family subsistence.

Mitigation Measures
Due care is given families, farmers’ pasture land and necessary
compensation will be paid to avoid conflict with local community.

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7.2. Construction phase Negative Impacts and Their Mitigation

The construction phase of the project involves clearing, land leveling,
transportation of construction materials, and erection of machineries
which have adverse impacts on:
Alteration pasture, landscape and land use pattern
Impact on Water Resources if any
Impact on Air Quality
Impact on flora and fauna
Nuisance Noise
Accident and Hazard
Impact on women

7.2.1. Alteration of pasture, landscape integrity and land use pattern

Impact Origin and characteristic
Land clearing and leveling as well as dumping of excavated material can
be a cause for the alteration of landscape integrity in the project area.
The land clearing work involves moving of solid and removal of grazing
land. Such activities can be a possible impact organ for alteration of
landscape integrity; from the existing environmental features of the
project area point of view the impact from land clearing and leveling will
be significant.

Mitigation Measures
Though the above described impacts are significant they can be avoided
by undertaking the following mitigation measures:
Restoration and maintenance of shrubs and vegetation covers by
planting suitable tree species as a hedge around the premises
Grade limitation to avoid spoiling scenery and view lines with
earthworks
Dumping excavated material at selected suitable site and re-
shaping it with the dumping site

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Creating awareness on the value of conserving biodiversity in

general and indigenous species in particular among the workers
engaged on the construction activity
Minimizing the movement of vehicles and construction machineries
particularly outside the premise of the project site to avoid further
destruction.

7.2.2. Impact on Water and Other Natural Resources

Impact Origin and characteristic
Although it will be much lower than that of required for the operation
phase of the project, the construction phase of the project requires a
relatively high volumes of water which have a substantial impact on
those developed town water supply sources in the area. In addition to
this, during the construction phase of the project foreign materials like,
oil, grease, fuel and residues of derbies can be originated. The materials
are potential threats for water quality degradation. However, the problem
is not highly significant and can be managed.

The discharge of those solid waste and foreign materials in the area will
have a significant negative impact on the seasonal wetland situated
adjacent to the project site. Runoffs from the site can enter this seasonal
wetland and can cause water quality degradation, particularly the
depletion of dissolved oxygen (DO) an aquatic life sustaining ingredient.
However, as the wetland is seasonal and don’t sustain considerable
species; from secondary impact perspective (like the disruption existing
food web and killing of aquatic animals); the issue is less significant.

Alteration of the natural water cycle is the other water resource impact in
relation to the construction phase the project. As the project comprises
the construction of buildings, and other structure to be used for different

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purposes; the project will have pressure on existing local construction

materials including, stone and soiled resources. However, both from the
scale and character of the project point of the impact is moderately
significant.

Mitigation Measures
The following measures mitigate the impacts:
Limit water withdrawal to the amount that will not adversely affect
the ecological balance and the demand of the local community,
such as by developing and conserving own source of water.
Make use of stones coming from authorized quarry site
Contribute to the rehabilitation of quarry site
Carefully excavation, storage and reuse of soils.

7.2.3. Impact on Air Quality

Impact Origin and Characteristic
Local land degradation due to earth moving operation during the site
preparation and land leveling is the main air quality concern of the
project during the construction stage of the project. As the impact that
can arise from the problem is localized, the contribution of the project
construction to air quality degradation is moderately significant.
However, as the dust storm can have visibility impact on site operation
and decrease breathing because of the suspended particles in the air, the
problem is an important issue that requires consideration.

Mitigation Measures
To avoid consequence of visibility loss during operation, the practical
option is to sprinkle water on fresh construction spoil, and instruction

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the site workers on the procedures of construction and safety

percussions.

7.2.4. Impact on flora and fauna

Impact Origin and characteristics
Stripping of vegetation and cutting trees and introduction of plants that
are foreign to the environment will affect the biodiversity of the
immediate area. Potential impacts include those associated with the loss
of plant communities, grasses, and increase in natural instability of
plant communities. However, because the project site is already pasture,
de-vegetation of native vegetation cover is none, the project site is neither
a recognized wildlife habitat nor an important ecosystem of indigenous
plant species, therefore, the construction phase has minimum impact on
flora and fauna.

Mitigation Measures
Though the impact on vegetation loss is none in order to avoid pasture
damages during the construction activities, the project proponent keeps
greening of the environment and the following measures are
recommended:
 Limit clearing and soil disturbance around construction sites
 Limit and control movement of trucks and construction
machineries during construction
 Record the type and number of tree cut in order to plant again
 Prepare parks in the premise in order to be an example in keeping
the environment
 Create an awareness for the local people and workers in every
opportunity about the importance of vegetation cover for soil and
water conservation
 Grade disturbed areas and restore landscape.

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7.2.5. Nuisance Noise

Impact Origin and Characteristic
Construction involves the operation of machinery and vehicles. As a
result, some noise pollution is expected in and close to the project site.
The construction doesn’t involve the use of explosives or blasting and
thus does not entail significant noise that affect human population or
wildlife. The operation is conducted during daytime where most of the
people are in the field. There are no institutions sensitive to noise such
as schools, health institution or other offices close to the project site.

7.2.6 Accident
Impact Origin and Characteristic
Short duration increase in the traffic in the process of delivering supplies
to the construction site coupled with the concentration of causal labor
can potentially increase accident. Moreover, visibility problem that may
be caused by dust storm during clearing and land leveling may create
accident problem in the site operation.

Mitigation Measures
The following proposed measures mitigate the impact:
 Train and equip some of the workers to voluntarily serve as a
traffic service person during the beginning and end of daily work
 Aware workforce on the safety issues during site operation and on
road safety
 Put in place necessary sign post on site and near the gate.

7.2.7. Women’s Perspective

Impact Origin and Characteristic

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The proposed project is beneficial for women. But some adverse impacts
may arise due to additional work load and responsibilities as a result of
immigrants in the area. Women in the area might are expected to risk of
sexually transmitted diseases.

Mitigation Measures
Awareness creation among the women community and also for the
workers deployed in the area would minimize the impacts. Availing
condoms at the project premises & promotion of its use shall be
undertaken in collaboration with the local health institutions.

7.3. Operational Phase Adverse Impacts Identification

Background: The Approach consider; the environmental aspects, the
environmental impacts and the viable (both environmentally, technically
and economically) mitigation measures.

The team’s methodology for this is as follows:

 Identification of the environmental Aspects of the AV industries
steel plc manufacturing process
 Cause and effect analysis between the environmental aspect and
potential impacts
 Impact assessment and identifying sustainable impact mitigation
measures

7.3.1. Identification of Environment Aspects

The environmental aspects of the steel sheet, light steel profile &
insulated steel panel manufacturing process can be classified in to the
following major environmental aspects:

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o Use of imported galvanized steel sheet as main raw material in the

production process
o Use of water, fuel oil as input during production process
o Generation of liquid and solid wastes, and
o Induced Development
o Table 6.1 below describes these main environmental aspects and
their significance from impact causing point of view. and solid
wastes, and Induced Development

Table 6.1 below describes these main environmental aspects and their
significance from impact causing point of view.

Table 6.1 Operational Phase Environmental Aspects and Significance

No Environmental Aspect Significance

1 Use of raw materials (galvanized steel Moderately Significant
sheet and others) impact
2 Processing of raw material/galvanized Significant
steel sheets)
2.1 Generation of non-hazardous wastes Not Significant
(gas emissions)
2.2. Generation of liquid wastes Not significant
2.3 Solid waste significant
3 Induced development Significant

7.3.2. Cause and effect Analysis

Checklist, matrices (including modified leopid matrix) were used to
analyze the relation between those identified environmental aspects and
the impact they can induce on the environment. Apart from this, the
study team assessed past experience causes and employed expert’s
knowledge for the analysis.

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The team’s cause and effect analysis indicates that: environmental

pollution (soil, Water and air); employees’ health hazard; natural
resource depletion (water and energy) and impacts on socio-cultural and
socio-economic factors are significant while generation of liquid not
significant and while solid waste generation is significant impact of the
project.

7.3.3. Raw materials use caused adverse Impacts

The galvanized steel sheet, light steel profile & steel panel manufacturing
project production will use galvanized steel sheet. It also uses lubrication
oil as an input.

The use of these raw materials will have adverse environmental impact
and cause environmental quality degradation as well as impact on
human health unless properly processed, quality machinery are used
and new technologies are applied. Therefore, the expected pollution load
from the process debris, liquid and solid waste discharges.

7.3.4. Employees’ Health Hazard

Employees’ health hazard is minimal if protective gears are provided to
them. Inhalation of contaminated air, absorption of toxic ingredients
through the skin, and ingestion of pollutants during eating, smoking and
drinking are insignificant.

7.3.5. Soil and Groundwater pollution

Galvanized Steel sheet, light steel profile and insulated steel panel
manufacturing process does not generate significant amount of effluents
that bring damage to ground water and soil resources.

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7.4. Economic Development Induced Adverse Impacts

7.4.1. social-cultural Impact
Impact Origin and characteristics
As described early on, the project is likely to have some changes to socio
economic situation of the area, The livelihood of the surrounding area
will gradually shift from own subsistence means of living to salary-based
livelihood. This shift which may induce change in the life style will have a
short-term to medium-term consequence. Household resource
management conflict, traditional social hierarchy and value system may
be changed.

7.4.2. Socio-economic Impacts

Impact Origin and Characteristics
Employees’ health hazard impacts particularly impacts that can make
workers handicap will have a cumulative socio-economic impacts. The
cumulative impact of employee’s health hazard particularly, work area
caused accidents related partial or total handicapness will have
significant social impact on the worker and economic impact for his/ her
family in particular.

Mitigation Measures. In addition those recommendations that prevents

the root cause of the impact (i.e. preventing and controlling work area
health hazardous); facilitating insurance policy and procedures for work
area caused body damages particularly for permanent workers is the
proceed mitigation.
Analysis of Alternatives Overview.
The sustainability goal of the project can be addressed if and only if the
project is environmentally, socially and economically viable. To achieve
this; the team considered different project alternatives and analyzed
them these three sustainability dimensions. The alternative analysis

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focused on those significant negative impacts of the project (i.e. water

resource depletion, environmental pollution and work related with the
nature of raw material use; due emphasis is given to solid waste
management and constant keeping of the factory compound cleanliness
were considered and evaluated.

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8. Environmental management plan

General
Environmental management is concerned with implementation of the
measures necessary to minimize or offset adverse impacts and to
enhance beneficial impacts. Unless the mitigation and benefit
enhancement measures identified in the EIA are fully implemented, the
prime function of EIA, which is to provide a basis for shaping the project
so that overall environmental performance is enhanced, cannot be
achieved.

In order to be effective, environmental management must be fully

integrated with the overall project management effort at all levels, which
itself should be aimed at providing a high level of quality control, leading
to a project which has been properly designed and constructed and
functions efficiently through its life. Hence, the overall goal of the
Environmental management plan (EMP) of xxxxxxxxx manufacturing
project is to minimize adverse impacts of the project by managing and
implementing the proposed impact alleviation measures and good
working practices.

Under the section specific management activities (at the pre-

construction, construction and operation phases) to overcome possible
impacts of the project are outlined.

8.1. Pre-Construction Phase

Prior to the construction and installation of the manufacturing plants,
environmental management will be considered with five principle groups:

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o Ensuring that all government and concerned agency requirements

and procedures related to EIA are complete with
o Implementation of land acquisition procedures including the
payment of compensation for affected local community if exist
o Selecting of technologies and machineries and process units in a
manner that minimizes adverse impacts and enhancing beneficial
impacts.
o Preparation of site layout, which incorporate specific features
aimed at minimizing adverse impacts and enhancing beneficial
impacts.

As the project promoter, XXXXXXXXXXXwill be responsible for handling

the above issues before the commencement of the construction; the
company will hire an environmentalist that facilitates these activities and
inter institutional relationships for the environmental management and
other construction activities as well.

The Oromiya Land end Environmental protection Bureau (OLEPB) will

also be responsible for ensuring that environmental requirements are
fully met in the EIA study report. The development bank of Ethiopia
(DBNE) is the other responsible government agency that will be
responsible for ensuring procedural consistency of the project for
providing a loan.

8.2. Construction Phase

During constructions and installation of the machineries, the
constructor will be responsible for implementing the environmental
mitigation measures proposed in this EIA study report. The construction
supervisor shall monitor impacts and their proper implementation of
mitigation measures. He/she will be fully responsible for ensuring that

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all the works to be carried out in accordance with the specifications and
drawings, that the environmental impacts will be taken in to
consideration and that good working environment established.
It is also proposed that an environmental inspector to be arranged by the
proponent. The major environmental management issues to be
undertaken during the construction phase are presented in the following
subsections.

8.2.1. Site Preparation Management

The site preparation for erection of machinery will be done by taking
care of soil, land and human health safety.

8.2.2. Solid Waste Management

All solid and liquid wastes generated from the construction activities
should be managed properly. Solid wastes must be collected and burnt
in a burn pit specially created for this purpose. These burning pits must
be placed away from the groundwater well head and the seasonal
wetland and covered up after completion of the construction work. Air
emission is also controlled by installing appropriate technology. This is
made by installing fans that collect and release emitted air to
atmosphere.

All the used materials from the plant and equipment must be collected
and burned or buried in specially secured landfill effectively sealed from
the surroundings. Environmental inspector has to ensure the proper
implementation of these activities and submit report on the status of
environmental management to the company and concerning local
authorities.

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8.2.3. Air Pollution and dust management

The construction action is the major source of dust emission and air
pollution. However, it can be managed by:
o Disbarring construction wastes in an appropriate or authorized
waste management facilities/land fill sites.
o Preventing the generation of air pollution during the construction
period by water sprinkling
o Besides, appropriate technology that helps to collect dust and emit
gas (different size fans) will be installed to prevent excessive
emission of gases and dust collection.

8.2.4. On site cultivation and infrastructure

As much as possible, attention must be given to save the indigenous
resources found on the site and the natural tree planted at the boundary
of the project site.

8.2.5. Health and risk management

Health and risk management should be done to avoid unnecessary
impact on human health, providing health facility (protective gears,
mobile clinic or first aid service depending on the size of workforce) is the
main element of health and risk management.

8.3 Operation Phase

Most of project environmental management activities will be carried out
during the operation phase, although environmental impacts at this
stage are also significant (including environmental pollution and human
health impacts).

The objectives of the environmental management program at this phase

of the project are: protection of the environment from solid wastes and

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other pollutants, protection of workers from work area health hazard,

waste management and improve the environmental performance of the
company.

The team proposes an Environmental and Safety Management Unit

(ESMU) in the company’s structure to operate the environmental
management program at this stage of the project.

Co-ordinate and administrate all aspects of the environmental

management programs; develop further an environmental oversight
capability within the company and facilities for the implementation of
company wide environmental management system (EMS).

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9. Environmental monitoring program

General
Monitoring a project or a program and its surrounding is a tool for
decision making not an end product. Pertaining to AV industries steel plc
manufacturing project, the monitoring will involve both quantitative and
qualitative data, as appropriate to the nature of the information.

Both due to its significance and comprising different components; the

production stage environmental management monitoring and
implementation program presented in detail.

Environmental monitoring is very essential part of the project

implementation. It helps to follow up the implementation of the proposed
mitigation measures, as they are required and to anticipate possible
environmental hazards and/or to detect unpredicted impacts over time.
Such monitoring has to be carried out by the company’s Environmental
and Safety management unit (ESMU) in a regularly bases. The company
top management together with affiliated units of the Oromia Land and
Environmental protection Bureau (OEPDB)or its zonal delegate and
representatives of the local community’s cabinet should have to carry out
an occasional monitoring on the performance of the environmental
management plan. Random monitoring on selected environmental
indicators by OLEPB also important as it is essential for auditing the
environmental protection program of the company.
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The ESMU as the central point in monitoring the environmental

management plan of the operation phase of the project; the responsibility
of the unit will be ensuring the implementation of all the proposed
mitigation measures. The unit should focus at least on the following
main environmental management plan themes:

Even though the company’s establishment is to generate returns to the

shareholders and the stakeholders, the company will also be committed
to minimize potential negative impacts on the environment & the
community. Therefore, AV industries steel plc manufacturing project is
committed to sustainable production establishment in the region. To that
end, the company will:
 Use the Best Available Technology
 Apply industry best practices in its operations
 Comply with regional, national and international environmental
laws & regulations
 Rehabilitate the environment affected by its activities
 Engage effectively with local communities and work on local
environmental conservations and management.

9.1. GREEN BELT DEVELOPMENT

AV industries steel plc Company shall be developing greenbelt inside and
outside the premises of the plant. Seedlings shall be raised initially by
purchasing from outside and at late stage, a nursery shall be developed.
Services of professional horticulturist shall be hired for development of
greenbelt and garden with the plant premises. Besides, mineral are site
will be reclaimed and trees of local variety will be planted and reforested.
Community plantation shall be encouraged in the surrounding area.

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9.2. ENVIRONMENT MANAGEMENT UNIT/CELL

Apart from having an EMP, it is also necessary to have a percent
organizational set up charged with the task of ensuring its effective
implementation. A separate department consisting of officers from
various disciplines shall be created to coordinate the activities concerned
with the management and implementation of the environmental control
measures of the proposed plant operation.

Basically, this department shall undertake monitoring of the

environmental pollution levels by measuring stack emissions, ambient
air quality, water and effluent quality, noise level etc, departmentally or
by appointing external agencies wherever necessary. In case, the
monitored results of environmental pollution are found to exceed the
allowable values, the environmental management cell shall suggest
remedial action and get these suggestions implemented through the
concerned plant authorities.

The environmental management cell also co-ordinate all related activities

such as collection of statistics with respect to health of workers and
population of the region, forestation and green belt development.

To achieve the objective of pollution control, it is essential not only to

provide best pollution control systems but also to provide trained
manpower resources to operate the same. Training facilities would be
strengthened for environmental control which would cover the items
listed below.
 Awareness of pollution control and environmental protection
 Operation and maintenance of pollution control equipment
 Knowledge of norms, regulations and procedures
 Occupational health and safety.

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9.3. Environmental Liaison Officer (ELO)

The ELO shall be the focal point for all environmental matters in relation
to implementation of the engineering component of the proposed project.
It shall be the responsibility of ELO) to ensure that the design provided
for implementation may be approved, referred or rejected if considered
environmentally unjustifiable.

9.4. Site Safety and Environmental Manager (SSEM)

The contractor responsible for project execution (construction and
commissioning) shall provide a site safety & Environmental Manager
(SSEM), working in functional interface with the engineering contractor’s
Team and interface with AV industries steel plc Company’s ELO.

Site safety and Environmental manager will be responsible for the

development and implementation of the environmental activities relevant
to construction described in the EMP. He will report to the contractor site
representative. The SSEM’s environmental responsibilities shall include
the following.
 To ensure that all construction personnel involved with
construction related activities are aware of the objectives and
appropriate environmental requirements
 To acknowledge the project organization with the environmental
policy of the project
 To execute internal environmental auditing
 To carry out site inspections
 To manage the waste streams as described
 To compile and issue documents and reports required to design
and run environmental training
 To liaise with construction department and management
 To liaise with sub-contractors

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 To plan and carry out, when necessary, studies and/or

environmental expertise. The contractor’s office will provide
qualified resource support as and when required.

9.5. ENVIROMETN MANAGEMENT ACTIVITIES

This section presents those procedures and activities of general nature,
which need to be implement for conservation of the resources and for
protection of environment. These can be grouped under the following
headings:

9.5.1. WASTE MANAGEMENT

Waste shall be managed in accordance with the company’s waste
management plan as stipulated in AV industries steel plc company
environmental Management system and compliance with the country’s
environmental regulations. The principles of waste reduction, recycling,
recovery and reuse shall be practiced.

9.5.2. Waste Minimization Guidelines

Waste minimization implies the reduction of the volume of air, liquid and
solid wastes to maximum possible extent. The four principles of waste
minimization process (namely; recycling, reduction, reuse and recovery)
shall be adopted as applicable. Further, development activities are
functions of the activity level, age depreciation and maintenance level of
facilitate and operating equipment.

9.5.3. Waste Handling Guidelines

For proper handling and disposal, wastes shall be well defined at source
and the definition transmitted along with the waste until the final
disposal site. All procedure shall be defined, and documented

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appropriately for all wastes generated. The general information required,

and a minimum, for adequate definition of wastes include:

 Waste stream identification

 Proper waste categorization
 Waste segregation
 Appropriate handling and disposal practice
 Recommended management practices

9.5.4. Waste Segregation Guidelines

For effective implementation of appropriate waste disposal methods and
recycling, it is important that waste material be segregated, preferably at
source in to clearly designated bins at strategic locations.

9.5.5. Waste Disposal Guidelines

Instructions on the material safety-handling sheet shall be strictly
adhered to, and shall from the basis for the disposal of wastes related to
such products. Adequate treatment measures shall be undertaken,
wherever applicable, for all waste before final disposal.

9.5.6. MONITORING
The various areas to be monitored shall be in accordance with the state
of environment. In the light of this, there is a need to establish the
monitoring schedule for sustainable development of the project. In-house
environmental monitoring program needs to be instituted for the project,
while external environmental monitoring shall address the foregoing key
issues to ensure compliance with good housekeeping and manufacturing
practice in order to avoid unnecessary adverse effect.

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9.5.7. CAPACITY BUILDNG AND TRAINING

A training program is an essential part of an environmental management
system (EMS). Environmental Training will be given to key operators on
those who are responsible for informing their teams. In line with the
Guidelines, XXXXXXXXXX shall establish a health environment safety
(HSE) unit, which shall be staffed with qualified and competent
scientists/ engineers. There shall be a corporate/Company HSE manager
who shall be responsible for implementing the company’s environmental
policy and ensuring compliance with relevant international, national and
state environmental regulations and laws.

The capacity of the HSE department would be strengthened through

institutional strengthening by purchasing portable environmental quality
meters for measuring pollutants instantly in air, water and soil as will as
measurements of noise and heat. Staff of the HSE will be trained on
proficient use of the items of pollution monitoring equipment including
understanding and importance of quality assurance/ Quality control as
well as interpretation of field monitoring data and report writing for
compliance monitoring.

There shall be periodic sustainable Environmental Awareness Training/

Seminars with consent including Ecology, Sustainable Development,
Environmental Management, Institutional and Regulatory Framework,
pollution control, enforcement and compliance monitoring, environment
Accounting, corporate Environmental Responsibility, Environmental
Health and safety, Risk Assessment, Environmental Assessment,
Contingency Plan, Event Response, Liability and Compensation etc, for
Managers, Supervisors/Intermediate staff and junior staff to inculcate
the tent of sustainable development in all member of staff.

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9.5.8. REPORTING
Reporting of all influents shall be made to the regulatory agencies and
supervisory bodies as they occur. The findings of each environmental
audit shall also be submitted to Oromiya special zone surrounding Land
and Environmental protection office/OLEPB/.

9.5.9. ENVIRONMENTAL AUDIT

Environmental Audits are tools used by management to systematically
and periodically evaluate the performance of environmental management
systems (EMS), procedures and equipment. Environmental audits are
required by the company as environmental monitoring tools to ensure
that project operation is carried out according to the regulatory
requirements and standards.

All the project facilities shall be regularly audited once operation

commences. This audit shall check the prediction of the Environmental
Assessment Report and assess the general performance of the project to
ensure that environmental standards are maintained and AV industries
steel plc polices and environmental management guidelines are strictly
maintained. Each environmental audit shall be geared towards achieving
the following:
 Examine compliance with regulatory requirements
 Identify current and potential environmental problems
 Examine the line management systems, plant operations,
monitoring practices and data, procedures and plans
 Check the predictions of the Environmental Evaluation
Assessment and ensure that its recommendations are being
implemented
 Recommend areas of improvement in operations management.

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9.5.10 Environment labeling and life cycle assessment

Life cycle assessment (LCA) is a method of checking the facts about the
environmental burden of a product from its design through to production
and then final disposal. It can be used in design of a new product or the
evaluation of existing product. LCA is the analysis of a product or service
through all stages of its life cycle, raw material acquisition,
manufacturing, transportation; use/reuse/maintenance, recycling/
waste management and relevant energy supply systems. It includes:
 Evaluation and policymaking
 Public education
 Internal education
 Internal decision making
 Public disclosure of information

In the same process, product also gets environment labeling. AV

industries steel plc is committed to conduct all types of studies including
LCA to preserve the natural resources and to protect the environment.

9.5.11. AV industries steel plc manufacturing company’s statement on the

project
The galvanized steel sheet, light steel profile for gypsum board
manufacturing & insulated steel panel plant shall adopt the most up-to-
date technology in the manufacturing industry by which, its impact on
environment shall be significant, and the local government regulations
and the IFC guidelines would be completely fulfilled. Designed
environmental specifications of the proposed plant are in line with or
more stringent than IFC environmental guidelines.

A comprehensive environmental management system will be developed to

monitor environment and safety performance. A total engineering
concept to integrate the performance parameters will be applied. Safety

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audits shall be carried out to ensure compliance with health and safety
legislation and assessing work place risk.

Culturally, the proposed project shall have no significant impact with

regard to cultural effects. Economically, the proposed galvanized steel
sheet, light steel profile for gypsum board manufacturing & insulated
steel panel manufacturing plant will serve the national income, will
provide job opportunities and a long-term economic boost and will help
to supply the high demand of for these products in the Ethiopian market.
Socially, peoples’ gain shall increase.

10. Conclusion and Recommendations

10.1. Conclusions
This document generally attempts to show the environmental impact and
the controlling measures of the galvanized steel sheet, light steel profile
for gypsum board manufacturing & insulated steel panel manufacturing,
processing and mining activities of the AV industries steel plc plant to be
erected at Sandafa Bakke town. The Company will follow this
mitigation/protective measures proposed in this document to control all
the impacts associated with the plant production processes.
The development of traffic network and the provision of electricity, pure
water etc will have a direct impact on the development of the area.
Another major benefit for the community is the provision of employment
opportunity for the surrounding community.

10.2. Recommendations
1. The company to protect employees from health hazards related to the
production process should provide appropriate clothing, protective gloves
and masks

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2. The company should conduct internal environmental audit and report

audit result to concerned office on time and make necessary
improvement as per comment given by monitoring team

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