Karnelasatri, [Link], M.
Si
Faculty of Liberal Arts
Key Concept Key Concepts
1. What the major cause of environmental problem?
2. What keeps us alive? What is an
environmentally sustainable society?
3. How we deal with the environmental
problem? How can we live more
sustainably?
Mention some types of Environmental
problem and the major cause of it !
Image source : proficiency english 1
25-May-16
Key Concept Key Concepts
1. What the major cause of environmental problem?
2. What keeps us alive? What is an
environmentally sustainable society?
3. How we deal with the environmental
problem? How can we live more
sustainably?
Core Case Study (1): Exponential Growth
• Slow start, rapid increase
• Human population
– 2007 ~ 6.7 billion people
• Projections
– 225,000 people per day
– Add population of U.S. < 4 years
– 2050 ~ 9.2 billion people
Human population
Today source: [Link] b
7 Jan 2016
Living in an Exponential Age
Industrial revolution
Black Death—the Plague
Hunting Agricultural revolution Industrial
and gathering revolution
Fig. 1-1, p. 1
Key Concept Key Concepts
1. What the major cause of environmental problem?
2. What keeps us alive? What is an
environmentally sustainable society?
3. How we deal with the environmental
problem? How can we live more
sustainably?
What Keeps Us Alive? Capital
• Solar capital & Gravitation : without the sun there
would be no life (direct and indirect solar energy).
• Natural Resources : air, water, soil etc.
• Natural Services Fig. 1-2, p. 7
What Is an Environmentally Sustainable
Society?
• Concept 1 Our lives and economies depend on
energy from the sun (solar capital) and natural
resources and natural services (natural capital)
provided by the earth.
• Concept 2 Living sustainably means living off
earth’s natural income without depleting or
degrading the natural capital that supplies it.
Key Natural Resources and Services
Fig. 1-3, p. 8
Natural Resources Natural Services
• Materials • Functions of nature
– Purification of air, water
– Renewable
– Nutrient cycling
– Nonrenewable
– Population control (Food
chain and Food Web)
• Energy – Climate control
– Solar capital – Waste Treatment
– Photosynthesis – Biodiversity
– Pest and Diseases control
Natural Resources (Air estimation of what we need every day)
• Adult = ~ 7-8 liters air/ minute
• Adult with exercise = multiplied 7-8 liters air/
minute
• 1 day = ~ 11.000 liters air
• Components of air are ~20% O2 and ~ 79% N2 =
2.200 liters O2 and 8690 liters N2 /day.
• If the price of 1 liter O2 = Rp 25.000 and 1 liter N2 =
Rp 9950
• We needs Rp 91.965.500 for air that we use every
day.
Nutrient Cycling as a Natural services
Organic
matter in
animals
Dead
organic
matter
Organic
matter in
plants
Decomposition
Inorganic
matter in soil
Fig. 1-4, p. 9
Natural Services
This earth has a system that capable to repair itself
[Link]
The problem
What is connection between earth recovery and
human population ?
Earth
recovery
Human
Destroying
[Link]
How human activities are destroying our earth
• Core Case Study (2): Ozone depletion
Bad Oxygen = O2
Good Ozone = O3
Good Oxygen = O2
Bad Ozone = O3
Human
Activities
VIDEO
• How human activities are destroying our ozone
• [Link]
[Link]/ozone-hole/
Ozone Depletion
2006 :
• On Sep. 21-30, 2006 : The average area of the ozone hole
was the largest ever observed, at 10.6 million square
miles.
2015 :
• On Oct. 2, 2015 : The ozone hole expanded to its peak of
28.2 million square kilometers (10.9 million square miles),
an area larger than the continent of North America.
• On Dec. 7, 2015 : The ozone hole is slowly beginning to
shrink and fill and is now around 11 million square
kilometers.
[Link]
Ozone Depletion
• 2014
Ozone Depletion
• 2014
Key Concept Key Concepts
1. What the major cause of environmental problem?
2. What keeps us alive? What is an
environmentally sustainable society?
3. How we deal with the environmental
problem? How can we live more
sustainably?
Ozone Depletion
Human Activities
[Link]
• Concept 2 Living sustainably means living off
earth’s natural income without depleting or
degrading the natural capital that supplies it.
Ozone Depletion
So many people who do not care
• Reason :
1. Peoples know but they chose not to care
2. Peoples does not know so they do not care
An Example
1. Companies that carry out logging without
responsibility
2. Peoples who are littering in a river
Environmental Science as Interdisciplinary Study
Fig. 1-2, p. 7
Learning Points
1. What are the effect of rapid population growth ?
The Effect
What is connection between earth recovery and
human population ?
Earth
recovery
Human
Destroying
The
Effect
[Link]
How Are Our Ecological Footprints
Affecting the Earth?
• Concept 3 As our ecological footprints grow, we
are depleting and degrading more of the earth’s
natural capital.
Ecological Footprint
Fig. 1-8, p. 13
Total Ecological Footprint (million hectares) Per Capita Ecological Footprint
and share of Global Ecological Capacity (%) (hectares per person)
Projected footprint
Earth’s
ecological
capacity
Ecological footprint
Stepped Art
Fig. 1-8, p. 13
Ecological Footprint
Ecological Footprint
[Link]
How we deal with that problem
How Can Environmentally Sustainable Societies
Grow Economically?
• Concept 4 Societies can become more
environmentally sustainable through economic
development dedicated to improving the quality
of life for everyone without degrading the
earth’s life-support systems.
Global Outlook
Percentage of World's:
18%
Population
82%
Population 0.1%
growth 1.5%
Life 77 years
expectancy 66 years
Wealth and 85%
income 15%
Resource 88%
use 12%
Pollution 75%
and waste 25%
Fig. 1-5, p. 10
Key Concept Key Concepts
1. What the major cause of environmental problem?
2. What keeps us alive? What is an
environmentally sustainable society?
3. How we deal with the environmental
problem? How can we live more
sustainably?
How we deal with that problem
• Concept 5 Preventing pollution is more effective and less
costly than cleaning up pollution.
• Concept 6 Major causes of environmental problems are
population growth, wasteful and unsustainable resource use,
poverty, excluding the environmental costs of resource use
from the market prices of goods and services, and trying to
manage nature with insufficient knowledge.
• Concept 7 People with different environmental worldviews
often disagree about the seriousness of environmental
problems and what we should do about them.
Environmental and Resource Problems:
5 Root Causes
Environmental
Problem
Human as a Other
major causes
Ex : Air pollution due to
Quantity Quality volcanic eruptions
• Unsustainable resources use
Rapid population • Poverty
growth ~ 7.4
• Excluding environmental costs from market
billion people in prices
September, 2017 • Trying to manage nature without knowing
enough about it
Causes of Environmental Problems
Population Unsustainable Poverty Excluding Trying to manage
growth resource use environmental nature without
costs from market knowing enough
prices about it
Stepped Art
Fig. 1-10, p. 16
Some Harmful Results of Poverty
Lack of Number of people
access to (% of world's population)
Adequate 2.6 billion (39%)
sanitation facilities
Enough fuel for
2 billion (30%)
heating and cooking
Electricity
2 billion (30%)
Clean drinking
water 1.1 billion (16%)
Adequate
health care 1.1 billion (16%)
Adequate 1 billion (15%)
housing
Enough food 0.84 billion (13%)
for good health
Fig. 1-11, p. 16
Global Connections
Fig. 1-12, p. 16
Key Concept Key Concepts
1. What the major cause of environmental problem?
2. What keeps us alive? What is an
environmentally sustainable society?
3. How we deal with the environmental
problem? How can we live more
sustainably?
What Are Four Scientific Principles of
Sustainability?
• Concept 8 Nature has sustained itself for billions
of years by using solar energy, biodiversity,
population regulation, and nutrient cycling –
lessons from nature that we can apply to our
lifestyles and economies.
Four Scientific Principles of Sustainability
Reliance on Biodiversity
Solar Energy
Nutrient Cycling Population Control
Fig. 1-13, p. 20
Learning to Live More Sustainably
Current Emphasis Sustainability Emphasis
Pollution cleanup Pollution prevention
Waste disposal
Waste prevention
(bury or burn)
Protecting habitat
Protecting species
Environmental restoration
Environmental
degradation
Increasing resource use Less resource waste
Population stabilization
Population growth
Depleting and degrading Protecting natural capital
natural capital
Fig. 1-14, p. 20
Summary
1. …………….
2. ……………..
3. ….............