Numerical Directional -Overcurrent Relay(( MiCOM P138 )
Objective:To determine thee characteristic of Directional-Overcurrent
Directional Relay
Theory:In this experiment MiCOM P138 model is used for directional ional overcurrent protection.
[Link] MICOM
P138 model provides a single-stage
stage inverse-time
inverse time overcurrent protection [Link] IDMT function can be
activated concurrently with the other protection [Link] time overcurrent protection may optionally be
operated with short-circuit
circuit [Link]
[Link] protection can be disabled or enabled using a setting
[Link] user can select from a large number of [Link]
[Link] tripping characteristics available for
selection are shown in figures
Determining the Trip Time:
The phase currents are monitored by the MICOM P138 model to detect when they exceed the setthreshold. The
IDMT protection function issues a starting signal if 1.05 times the setreference current is exceeded in one phase.
As a function of this current and off the setcharacteristic, the MICOM P138 model will determine the tripping
time. Furthermore, a minimum triptime can be set; the trip time will not fall below this minimum independent of
themagnitude of the current.
Short-circuit
circuit direction determination can also be enabled. When the inverse-timetime overcurr
overcurrent protection
is triggered, if the measured voltage level is within the limits set by Vmin and V< then the fault angle ϕ
is calculated and the short-circuit direction is determined. The short-circuit
short circuit charact
characteristic is defined by
the angles β and γ. The algorithm decides that the fault direction is forward when thecalculated angle ϕ
lies within the range given by γ ≤ ϕ ≤ β. It can be determined by setting that a short short-circuit voltage
below Vmin will either lead d to the IDMT protection function operating non-directionally
non directionally or to it
becoming blocked. Another setting is used to determine whether a failure of the voltage measuring
circuit will either lead to IDMT protection operating non-directionally
non directionally or to it becomi
becoming blocked. The
direction determination and the starting of the respective stage are only enabled ifthe measured voltage
value is below a settable undervoltage threshold V<. Setting the under voltage threshold V< to 'Blocked'
will disable this voltage scan,, and directiondetermination and starting are permanently enabled.
1
Direction Determination Characteristic
When there is a primary system fault, the MICOM P138 model collects the following measured fault data:
1. Running time
2. Fault duration
The running time is defined as the time between the triggering of the protection function and issue of trip
command. The fault duration indicates the time between triggering of the protection function and the breaker
operation.
2
Circuit diagram:
Circuit
diagram
for
Directional Overcurrent Relay
Relay Settings
Inom C.T. prim. 500 A Vnom V.T. prim 100 KV
Inom device 5A Vnom V.T. sec. 100 v
Procedure:
1. Connect the circuit as shown in the figure.
2. Have one set of relay settings (Pickup setting: 0.3Inom,Function Group IDMT , Char. factor kt =
IEEE moderately Inverse,angles β = 1350 and γ =
1,Characteristic curve-IEEE =-450, fault direction
forward, Min trip time = 0.2 Sec.
3. Set the input Voltage to 100V0V (13 and 16)
16 and current higher than pickup settingthrough
through 1 and 22.
4. Vary θ using the phase shifter and note down whether the relay indicates ‘Trip’
‘Trip’ or ‘Block’ signal. In
case of ‘Trip’,, note the time of operation.
0 0 0
5. Do the experiment for different θ, over
ov the entire range of 0 to 360 in steps of 10 .
6. Repeat step
ep 2 to 4 for the following settings (Pickup setting: 0.3 Inom,Function Group IDMT , Char.
factor kt =1,Characteristic
,Characteristic curve-IEEE
curve moderate Inverse,angles β = 1600 and γ =-100, Min trip
time = 0.2 Sec.)
Report:
1. Plot the direction characteristics of the directional relay
2. Determine β and ϒ from the plot for the test data.
3. Calculate and compare tripping time from tripping characteristics for one set of data.
Explain with circuit diagram and any one use of directional relay in power system
Discussion:Explain
3
Experiments results:
Table : I ( Fault Current = A, Fault current inP.U.)
Nominal current(Inom)……… Pickup setting:…………..,
Char. factor (kt )………………Characteristic curve…………………………….
β = ………..and γ =………….,.. fault direction …………..
Min trip time………….
Sl. no Load angle(deg) Trip/block Fault duration(S)
4
Table : II ( Fault Current = A, Fault current in P.U. )
Nominal current(Inom)……… Pickup setting:…………..,
Char. factor (kt )………………Characteristic curve…………………………….
β = ……….., γ =………….,.. fault direction …………..
Min trip time………….
Sl. no Load angle(deg) Trip/block Fault duration(S)