CONTENT

Module 1: Folk Speeches- Simplest Rules …………….. 1-5

Module 2: Folk Songs – Oldest Crazes ……………. 6-10

Module 3: Folk Narratives – Echoes and Ethos ……………. 11-17

Module 4: Folk Epics – Champions’ Exploits ……………. 18-26

 Module 1: Folk Speeches- Simplest Rules
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Module 1: Folk Speeches-

Simplest Rules

Learning Competencies

 Reading Comprehension (RC): Use the appropriate reading style (scanning, skimming, speed
reading, intensive reading etc.) for one’s purpose
 Scan for specific information

 Listening Comprehension (LC): Recognize prosodic features: volume, projection, pitch, stress,
intonation, juncture, and speech rate that serve as carriers of meaning
 Listen for important points signalled by volume, projection, pitch, stress, intonation, juncture,
and rate of speech
 Note the changes in volume, projection, pitch, stress, intonation, juncture, and rate of speech
that affect meaning

 Viewing Comprehension (VC): Use structural analysis to determine the meaning of unfamiliar
words or expressions from the material viewed

 Vocabulary Development (V): Distinguish between slang and colloquial expressions in

conversations
 Distinguish features of colloquial language (fillers, contractions, etc.) and slang

 Literature: Discover literature as a means of connecting to a significant past

 Discover literature as a means of connecting to a significant past
 Describe the different literary genres during the pre-colonial period
 Identify the distinguishing features of proverbs, myths, and legends

 Writing and Composition (WC): Distinguish between oral and written language use
 Recognize the common purposes for writing

 Oral Language and Fluency (F): Observe the correct production of vowel and consonant
sounds, diphthongs, blends, glides, etc.
 Read words phrases, clauses, sentences and paragraphs using the correct production of vowel
and consonant sounds, diphthongs, blends and glides

 Grammar Awareness (G): Observe correct subject-verb agreement

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Introduction

A traditional oral literature of the Filipino people has long existed even before the arrival
of colonizers. This covers the ancient folk literature of the Philippines’ various ethnic groups that
have changed since the Philippines became a single ethno-political unit.

Being oral in tradition makes our folk literature changeable. As part of a living folklore,
different versions continue to exist and change through time and they appear in print today.

The precolonial poetry forms played a central part of Filipino community life as they are
means for local history, politics, and culture to be passed from generation to generation. They are
poetic and contain rhyme, rhythm, and rhetorical figures to suggest different interpretation to
words or to stir up emotive reactions.

Riddles and proverbs are the simplest forms of oral literature. Short poems called tanaga
evolved from them.

Group Activity:
Form a group of 3 with 5 members. Each group will compete. Get a piece of paper in the box
and will try to answer the question.

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What is Riddles?

A riddle is a statement or question

or phrase having a double or veiled
meaning, put forth as a puzzle to be
solved.

What is Proverbs?

Proverbs are brief instructive

expressions that suggest a specific action,
behavior, or judgment. Referred to by some
scholars as ―the wisdom of many and the wit
of one‖, they are commonly written in the form
of short assertions or poetic two-liners which
have rhyme.

Activity 1:
Read the following sentences and identify if it is riddles or proverbs. Write your answer on the
space provided before the number.

______________1. Not a priest, not a king, but wears different kinds of clothes.
______________2. Peter hides but you can still see his head.
______________3. No debt remains unpaid.
______________4. Do not cut the tree to get the fruit.
______________5. There is no earthly joy that is not watered with tears.

Activity 2:
Style in language is like style in dress: the words must be suited to the time, place, and person.
In other words, you should use the expression that is acceptable.

Slang is a style of language that is informal and is not considered part of the standard language.
Usually, slang is used by members of some limited group – teenagers, ethnic groups, or professionals.

A. The sentences below contain examples of slang. Circle the slang word or expression in each
sentence.

1. A relative from abroad gave me some green bucks.

2. He got new red wheels.
3. I regret seeing this movie: it sucks!
4. My friends are awesome.
5. There are many hot young men in our neighborhood.

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Activity 2.1:
Figure out each slang words or expression (you circled in A) that match the definition in the
box below.

Slang Meaning
1. Money
2. Car
3. I don’t like it
4. Great!
5. Handsome

Activity 2.2:
Replace the slang words and expression in A with word(s) that are acceptable for formal
writing, then rewrite the sentence.

1. ___________________________________________________________________________
2. ___________________________________________________________________________
3. ___________________________________________________________________________
4. ___________________________________________________________________________
5. ___________________________________________________________________________

Activity 3:
A. Practice each words carefully. Note that you should (1) pronounce the vowel sounds
correctly, and (2) apply the proper stress.
VOWELS
[ӕ] is in BAT [i] as in BEAT [u] BOOT

[ԑ] as in BET [I] as in BIT [U] as PUT

B. Practice the contrastive phrases below nothing the vowel sounds and correct stress.
[ӕ] and [ԑ] [i] and [I] [u] and [U]
Half deaf Weakest link Blue book
Last set Sweet sixteen Rude cook
Fashion trend Steel mill Cool nook

Using the scale of 1 to 5 rate your skills. (1= poor, 2= satisfactory, 3= good, 4= very good, 5= excellent)
Rate Skills

I can use appropriate reading style for a purpose.

I can identify slang expressions and their features.

I can listen for important points signaled by volume and projection.

I can note the changes in volume and projection that affect the meaning of the message.

I can pronounce the vowel sounds correctly when reading words, phrases, sentence, and
paragraphs.

I can use correct stress when reading passages

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Check the rules on S-V agreement and study the given examples. Then, do the practice exercises that
follow.

Subject- Verb Agreement

 The subject and verb in a sentence must agree in number.

Number refers to weather the words is singular or plural. If the subject

is singular, the verb must be singular. If the subject is plural, the verb must
be plural.
To avoid problems in S-V agreement, make sure that you know which
word functions as the subject.

S V
One of my books is missing.

Phrases beginning with the words with, together with, including, as

well as, as long as with, and in addition to are not part of the subject.

S V
Danny, together with his family, has left the country,

Activity 4:
Underline the verb that agrees with the subject.

Example: One of the students (has, have) left.

1. She (steps, step) down from the cart with a quick, delicate poise.
2. The young girls (look, looks) up with smiles.
3. Her nails (has, have) heard so much about her.
4. He (has, have) heard so much about her.
5. Our pet (swallows, swallow) my ping pong ball.

Activity 4.1:
Cross out each incorrect verb and write the correct form above it in the following paragraph.

The people of Mountain Province is the epic singers par excellence of Luzon.
This are so because of conditions which until recent times has favored the continuation
of old traditions and customs. These people has lived sedentary ways of existence
possibly for millennia and has permanent settlements and a social organization
grounded on customary law. They raises enough food on terraces and mountainside to
permit them leisure time for artistic expressions. The most primitive groups, the
Negritos and the Ilongots for instance, occupies themselves most of the time in food
hunting and food gathering.