Perfect solution to all problems

Tips, Tricks, General Knowledge, Current Affairs, Latest Sample,

Previous Year, Practice Papers with solutions.

CBSE 12th Mathematics

Chapter 3 (Matrices)
Solved Important Questions

Note
This pdf file is downloaded from [Link]. Editing the content or publicizing this on any blog
or website without the written permission of Rewire Media is punishable, the suffering will be
decided under DMC
[Link] [Link] [Link] [Link] [Link] [Link] [Link] [Link] [Link] [Link] [Link] [Link] [Link]
 CBSE 12th Mathematics
Chapter 3 (Matrices)
Solved Important Questions

SECTION - A
Question number 1 to 31 carry 1 mark each.

Q.1: Show that all the diagonal elements of a skew symmetric matrix are zero.

Ans: Let 𝐴 == [𝑎𝑖𝑗 ] be a skew-symmetric matrix

So,
𝑎𝑖𝑗 = −𝑎𝑗𝑖 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑎𝑙𝑙 𝑖, 𝑗

 𝑎𝑖𝑖 = −𝑎𝑖𝑖 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑎𝑙𝑙 𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑢𝑒𝑠 𝑜𝑓 𝑖

 2𝑎𝑖𝑖 = 0 => 𝑎𝑖𝑖 = 0 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑎𝑙𝑙 𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑢𝑒𝑠 𝑜𝑓 𝑖
 𝑎11 = 𝑎22 = 𝑎33 = ⋯ = 𝑎𝑛𝑛 = 0.

Q.2: Find the value of 𝒙 and 𝒚 if:

𝟏 𝟑 𝒚 𝟎 𝟓 𝟔
𝟐[ ]+[ ]=[ ]
𝟎 𝒙 𝟏 𝟐 𝟏 𝟖
1 3 𝑦 0 5 6
Ans: 2[ ]+[ ]=[ ]
0 𝑥 1 2 1 8
2 6 𝑦 0 5 6
⇒ [ ]+[ ]=[ ]
0 2𝑥 1 2 1 8
2+𝑦 6 5 6
⇒ [ ]=[ ]
1 2𝑥 + 2 1 8
∴ 2+𝑦 =5 ⇒𝑦=3
𝑎𝑛𝑑 2𝑥 + 2 = 8 ⇒ 2𝑥 = 6 ⇒ 𝑥 = 3
∴ 𝑥 = 3, 𝑦 = 3.

Q.3: If matrix A = [1 2 3], write AA’, where A’ is the transpose of matrix A.

Ans: Here,
1
′
𝐴 = [1 2 3] ∴ 𝐴 = [2]
3
1
′
∴ 𝐴𝐴 = [1 2 3 [2] = [1 + 4 + 9] = [14]
]
3

[Link] [Link] [Link] [Link] [Link] [Link] [Link] [Link] [Link] [Link] [Link] [Link] [Link]
 𝒄𝒐𝒔 𝜶 −𝒔𝒊𝒏 𝜶
Q.4: 𝐈𝐟 𝑨 = ( ) , then for what value of 𝜶 is A an identity matrix.
𝒔𝒊𝒏 𝜶 𝒄𝒐𝒔 𝜶
Ans: 𝛼 = 0°.

𝟏 𝟐 𝟑 𝟏 𝟕 𝟏𝟏
Q. 5: 𝐈𝐟 ( )( )=( ) , 𝐭𝐡𝐞𝐧 𝐰𝐫𝐢𝐭𝐞 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐯𝐚𝐥𝐮𝐞 𝐨𝐟 𝒌
𝟑 𝟒 𝟐 𝟓 𝒌 𝟐𝟑
1 2 3 1 7 11
Ans: We have ( )( )=( )
3 4 2 5 𝑘 23
3 + 4 1 + 10 7 11
( )=( )
9 + 8 3 + 20 𝑘 23
7 11 7 11
( )=( )
17 23 𝑘 23
By equality of matrices, we have k=17.

Q.6: For 𝒂 𝟐 × 𝟐 matrix, 𝑨 = [𝒂𝒊𝒋 ], whose elements are given by 𝒂𝒊𝒋 = 𝒊/𝒋, write the
value of 𝒂𝟏𝟐 .
𝑎11 𝑎12
Ans: 2 × 2 𝑚𝑎𝑡𝑟𝑖𝑥 𝑖𝑠 [𝑎 𝑎22 ]
21

𝑖
𝑎𝑖𝑗 =
𝑗
1
𝑎12 =
2

𝟓−𝒙 𝒙+𝟏
Q.7: For what value of 𝒙, the matrix [ ] is singular?
𝟐 𝟒
Ans: According to question
4(5 − 𝑥) − 2(𝑥 + 1) = 0
⇒ 20 − 4𝑥 − 2𝑥 − 2 = 0
⇒ 𝑥 = 3.

𝟐 𝟑 𝟏 −𝟑 −𝟒 𝟔
Q.8: If ( )( )=( ), write the value of 𝒙.
𝟓 𝟕 −𝟐 𝟒 −𝟗 𝒙
Ans: Given:
2 3 1 −3 −4 6
[ ].[ ]=[ ]
5 7 −2 4 −9 𝑥
−4 6 −4 6
⇒[ ]=[ ] ⇒ 𝑥 = 13.
−9 13 −9 𝑥

𝒄𝒐𝒔 𝜽 𝒔𝒊𝒏 𝜽 𝒔𝒊𝒏 𝜽 −𝒄𝒐𝒔 𝜽

Q.9: Simplify: 𝒄𝒐𝒔 𝜽 [ ] + 𝒔𝒊𝒏 𝜽 [ ]
−𝒔𝒊𝒏 𝜽 𝒄𝒐𝒔 𝜽 𝒄𝒐𝒔 𝜽 𝒔𝒊𝒏 𝜽
Ans. Here

[Link] [Link] [Link] [Link] [Link] [Link] [Link] [Link] [Link] [Link] [Link] [Link] [Link]
 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝜃 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝜃 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝜃 −𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝜃
𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝜃 [ ] + 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝜃 [ ]
−𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝜃 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝜃 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝜃 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝜃
cos 𝜃 . cos 𝜃 cos 𝜃. sin 𝜃 sin 𝜃. sin 𝜃 −sin 𝜃. cos 𝜃
=[ ]+[ ]
− cos 𝜃. sin 𝜃 cos 𝜃 . cos 𝜃 sin 𝜃. cos 𝜃 sin 𝜃. sin 𝜃

=[ cos2 𝜃 − sin 𝜃. cos 𝜃] + [ sin2 𝜃 − sin 𝜃. cos 𝜃 ]

− sin 𝜃. cos 𝜃 cos 2 𝜃 sin 𝜃. cos 𝜃 sin2 𝜃

[ cos2 𝜃 + sin2 𝜃 sin 𝜃 . cos 𝜃 − sin 𝜃. cos 𝜃 ] = [1 0

].
− sin 𝜃. cos 𝜃 + sin 𝜃. cos 𝜃 cos 2 𝜃 + sin2 𝜃 0 1

Q.10: Find the value of a if

𝒂 − 𝒃 𝟐𝒂 + 𝒄 −𝟏 𝟓
[ ]=[ ]
𝟐𝒂 − 𝒃 𝟑𝒄 + 𝒅 𝟎 𝟏𝟑
𝑎−𝑏 2𝑎 + 𝑐 −1 5
Ans; [ ]=[ ]
2𝑎 − 𝑏 3𝑐 + 𝑑 0 13
⇒ 𝑎 − 𝑏 = −1, 2𝑎+𝑐 = 5
2𝑎 − 𝑏 = 0, 3𝑐 + 𝑑 = 13
⇒ 𝑎 − 𝑏 = −1, 2𝑎 − 𝑏 = 0
𝑂𝑛 𝑠𝑢𝑏𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛, 𝑎 = 1.

𝟗 −𝟏 𝟒 𝟏 𝟐 −𝟏
Q.11: 𝐈𝐟 [ ]=𝑨+[ ] , 𝐭𝐡𝐞𝐧 𝐟𝐢𝐧𝐝 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐦𝐚𝐭𝐫𝐢𝐱 𝐀.
−𝟐 𝟏 𝟑 𝟎 𝟒 𝟗
9 −1 4 1 2 −1
Ans: Here, [ ]=𝐴+[ ]
−2 1 3 0 4 9
9 −1 4 1 2 −1
⇒𝐴=[ ]−[ ]
−2 1 3 0 4 9
9−1 −1 − 2 4 + 1 8 −3 5
=[ ]=[ ].
−2 − 0 1−4 3−9 −2 −3 −6

𝟑 𝟒 𝟏 𝒚 𝟕 𝟎
Q.12: 𝐈𝐟 𝟐 [ ]+[ ]=[ ] , 𝒇𝒊𝒏𝒅 (𝒙 − 𝒚).
𝟓 𝒙 𝟎 𝟏 𝟏𝟎 𝟓
3 4 1 𝑦 7 0
Ans: Here 2 [ ]+[ ]=[ ]
5 𝑥 0 1 10 5
6 8 1 𝑦 7 0
⇒ [ ]+[ ]=[ ]
10 2𝑥 0 1 10 5
6+1 8+𝑦 7 0
⇒ [ ]= [ ]
10 + 0 2𝑥 + 1 10 5
⇒ 8 + 𝑦 = 0,2𝑥 + 1 = 5
⇒ 𝑦 = −8, 𝑥 = 2
∴ 𝑥 − 𝑦 = 2 − (−8) = 10.

[Link] [Link] [Link] [Link] [Link] [Link] [Link] [Link] [Link] [Link] [Link] [Link] [Link]
 Q.13: Solve the following matrix equation
𝟏 𝟎
𝐟𝐨𝐫 𝒙:, [𝒙 𝟏]. [ ] = 𝟎.
−𝟐 𝟎
1 0
Ans: Here, [𝑥 1]. [ ]=0
−2 0
⇒ [𝑥 − 2 0 + 0] = [0,0]
⇒ 𝑥 − 2 = 0 ⇒ 𝑥 = 2.

Q.14: If A is a square matrix such that 𝐀𝟐 = 𝐈, then find the simplified value of
(𝐀 − 𝐈)𝟑 + (𝐀 − 𝐈)𝟑 − 𝟕𝐀.
Ans: (A − I)3 + (A + I)3 − 7A
= A3 − 3A2 I + 3AI2 − I3 + A3 + 3A2 I + 3AI2 + I3 − 7A
= A3 − 3A2 + 3A − I + A3 + 3A2 + 3A + 1 − 7A (∵ I2 = I3 = I & 𝐴𝐼 = 𝐴)
= 2A3 + 6A − 7A
= 2A. A2 − A
= 2A(I) − A
= 2A(I) − A = 2A − A = A.

𝟎 𝟐𝒃 −𝟐
Q.15: Matrix 𝑨 = [ 𝟑 𝟏 𝟑 ] is given to be symmetric, find values of 𝒂 and 𝒃.
𝟑𝒂 𝟑 −𝟏
0 2𝑏 −2
Ans: 𝐴=[3 1 3]
3𝑎 3 −1
A is symmetric ⇒ 𝐴 = 𝐴𝑡
⇒ 2𝑏 = 3 𝑎𝑛𝑑 3𝑎 = −2
3 2
𝑏= 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑎 = − .
2 3

𝟎 𝒂 −𝟑
Q.16: 𝐈𝐟 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐦𝐚𝐭𝐫𝐢𝐱 𝐀 = [𝟐 𝟎 −𝟏] Is skew symmetric, find the value of ‘a’ and ‘b’.
𝒃 𝟏 𝟎
Ans: 𝑎 = −2, 𝑏 = 3

𝟐 −𝟑
Q.17: Given 𝐀 = [ ] , 𝐜𝐨𝐦𝐩𝐮𝐭𝐞 𝐀−𝟏 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐬𝐡𝐨𝐰 𝐭𝐡𝐚𝐭 𝟐𝐀−𝟏 = 𝟗𝐈 − 𝐀
−𝟒 𝟕
Ans:
1
|A| = 2, ∴ A−1 = [7 3]
2 4 2
7 3 1 0 2 −3 7 3
LHS = 2A−1 = [ ] , RHS = 9 [ ]−[ ]=[ ]
4 2 0 1 −4 7 4 2
∴ LHS = RHS

[Link] [Link] [Link] [Link] [Link] [Link] [Link] [Link] [Link] [Link] [Link] [Link] [Link]
 Q.18: If A is a skew-symmetric matrix of order 3, then prove that det 𝐀 = 𝟎.

0 𝑎 𝑏
Ans: Let A = [−𝑎 0 𝑐 ] be a skew symmetric matrix or order 3
−𝑏 −𝑐 0
0 𝑎 𝑏
∴ |𝐴| = |−𝑎 0 𝑐|
−𝑏 −𝑐 0
|𝐴| = −𝑎(0 + 𝑏𝑐) + 𝑏(𝑎𝑐 − 0)
= −𝑎𝑏𝑐 + 𝑎𝑏𝑐 = 0 Proved

𝟐 𝟑 𝟏 −𝟑 −𝟒 𝟔
Q.19: If ( )( )=( ), write the value of 𝒙.
𝟓 𝟕 −𝟐 𝟒 −𝟗 𝒙
Ans: Given:
2 3 1 −3 −4 6
[ ].[ ]=[ ]
5 7 −2 4 −9 𝑥
−4 6 −4 6
⇒[ ]=[ ] ⇒ 𝑥 = 13.
−9 13 −9 𝑥

Q.20: For what value of x, is the following matrix singular?

𝟑 − 𝟐𝒙 𝒙+𝟏
[ ]
𝟐 𝟒
Ans.
3 − 2𝑥 𝑥+1
𝐿𝑒𝑡 𝐴 = [ ]
2 4
∵ 𝑀𝑎𝑡𝑟𝑖𝑥 𝐴 𝑖𝑠 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑔𝑢𝑙𝑎𝑟
|𝐴| = 0
3 − 2𝑥 𝑥+1
[ ]=0
2 4
(12 − 8𝑥) − (2𝑥 + 2) = 0
12 − 8𝑥 − 2𝑥 − 2 = 0
−10 𝑥 + 10 = 0
−10 𝑥 = −10 ⇒ 𝑥 = 1.

Q.21: Find the value of 𝒙, if:

𝟑𝒙 + 𝒚 −𝒚 𝟏 𝟐
( )=( ).
𝟐𝒚 − 𝒙 𝟑 −𝟓 𝟑
Ans: We have
3𝑥 + 𝑦 −𝑦 1 2
( )=( )
2𝑦 − 𝑥 3 −5 3

[Link] [Link] [Link] [Link] [Link] [Link] [Link] [Link] [Link] [Link] [Link] [Link] [Link]
 By definition of equality of two matrices, we have
3𝑥 + 𝑦 = 1 … (𝑖)
2𝑥 − 𝑥 = −5 … (𝑖𝑖)
𝑎𝑛𝑑 − 𝑦 = 2 ⇒ 𝑦 = −2
𝑃𝑢𝑡𝑡𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑦 𝑖𝑛 (𝑖), 𝑤𝑒 𝑔𝑒𝑡
3𝑥 − 2 = 1 ⇒ 3𝑥 = 3 ⇒ 𝑥 = 1
∴ 𝑥 = 1.

Q.22: Write the adjoint of the following matrix:

𝟐 −𝟏
( )
𝟒 𝟑
Ans.
2 −1
𝐿𝑒𝑡 𝐴 = ( )
4 3
3 1
∴ 𝑎𝑑𝑗 𝐴 = ( )
−4 2

Q.23: If a matrix has 5 elements, write all possible orders it can have.
Ans: Since a matrix of order 𝑚 × 𝑛 has 𝑚𝑛 elements, therefore, to find all possible orders
of a matrix with 5 elements, we have to find all possible ordered pairs (𝑚, 𝑛) of
positive integers whose product in 5. Hence possible orders are 1 × 5 𝑎𝑛𝑑 5 × 1.

Q.24: Find the value of x + y from the following equation:

𝒙 𝟓 𝟑 −𝟒 𝟕 𝟔
𝟐[ ]+[ ]=[ ]
𝟕 𝒚−𝟑 𝟏 𝟐 𝟏𝟓 𝟏𝟒
Ans: The given eq. is
𝑥 5 3 −4 7 6
2[ ]+[ ]=[ ]
7 𝑦−3 1 2 15 14
2𝑥 10 3 −4 7 6
⇒[ ]+[ ]=[ ]
14 2𝑦 − 6 1 2 15 14
2𝑥 + 3 10 7 6
⇒[ ]=[ ]
14 2𝑦 − 6 15 14
⇒ 2𝑥 + 3 = 7; 2𝑦 − 4 = 14
⇒ 2𝑥 = 4 ; 2𝑦 − 4 = 14
⇒ 𝑥 = 2 ;𝑦 = 9
∴ 𝑥 + 𝑦 = 2 + 9 = 11.
𝟑 𝟒
−𝟏 𝟐 𝟏
Q.25: If 𝑨𝑻 [−𝟏 𝟐] 𝒂𝒏𝒅 𝑩 = [ ] . 𝒕𝒉𝒆𝒏 𝒇𝒊𝒏𝒅 𝑨𝑻 − 𝑩𝑻 .
𝟏 𝟐 𝟑
𝟎 𝟏

[Link] [Link] [Link] [Link] [Link] [Link] [Link] [Link] [Link] [Link] [Link] [Link] [Link]
 Ans: Given:

3 4
𝐴𝑇 [−1 2]
0 1 3𝑥2

−1 2 1
𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝐵 = [ ]
1 2 3 2𝑥3

−1 1
⇒ 𝐵 𝑇 [ 2 2]
1 3 3𝑥2
3 4 −1 1 4 3
⇒ 𝐴𝑇 − 𝐵 𝑇 [−1 2] − [ 2 2] = [−3 0 ].
0 1 1 3 −1 −2

Q.26: For what value of x, is the matrix

𝟎 𝟏 −𝟐
𝑨 = [−𝟏 𝟎 𝟑 ] 𝐚 𝐬𝐤𝐞𝐰 − 𝐬𝐲𝐦𝐦𝐞𝐭𝐫𝐢𝐜 𝐦𝐚𝐭𝐫𝐢𝐱 ?
𝒙 −𝟑 𝟎
Ans:
0 1 −2
A = [−1 0 3]
x −3 0
is skew-symmetric, when x =2

(∵ 𝑎𝑖𝑗 = −𝑎𝑖𝑗 ∀ 𝑖, 𝑗)

𝟏 −𝟏
Q.27: If matrix 𝑨 = [−𝟏 ] 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐀𝟐 = 𝐊𝐀, 𝐈 𝐭𝐡𝐞𝐧 𝐰𝐫𝐢𝐭𝐞 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐯𝐚𝐥𝐮𝐞 𝐨𝐟 𝒌.
𝟏

1 −1
Ans: 𝐴 = [−1 ] and A2 = 𝐾𝐴
1

1 −1 1 −1 1 −1
⇒ [ ] [ ]=𝑘⇒ [ ]
−1 1 −1 1 −1 1
2 −2 1 −1
⇒[ ] = 𝑘[ ]
−2 2 −1 1
1 −1 1 −1
⇒ 2[ ] = 𝑘[ ] ⇒ 𝑘 = 2.
−1 1 −1 1

Q.28: If A is a square matrix such that 𝑨𝟐 = 𝑨, then write the value of 𝟕𝑨 − (𝑰 + 𝑨)𝟑 ,
where I is an identity matrix.
Ans: Here 𝐴2 = 𝐴.
𝑁𝑜𝑤 7𝐴 − (𝐼 + 𝐴)3
= 7𝐴 − (𝐼 + 𝐴)(𝐼 + 𝐴)(𝐼 + 𝐴)
= 7𝐴 − (𝐼 + 𝐴)(𝐼. 𝐼 + 𝐼. 𝐴 + 𝐴. 𝐼 + 𝐴. 𝐴)
= 7𝐴 − (𝐼 + 𝐴)(𝐼 + 𝐴 + 𝐴 + 𝐴)
[Link] [Link] [Link] [Link] [Link] [Link] [Link] [Link] [Link] [Link] [Link] [Link] [Link]
 (∵ 𝐼. 𝐴 = 𝐴. 𝐼 = 𝐴 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝐴2 = 𝐴)
= 7𝐴 − (𝐼 + 𝐴)(𝐼 + 3𝐴)
= 7𝐴 − (𝐼. 𝐼 + 𝐼. 3𝐴 + 𝐴𝐼 + 𝐴. 3𝐴)
= 7𝐴 − (𝐼 + 3𝐴 + 𝐴 + 3𝐴)
= 7𝐴 − 𝐼 − 7𝐴 = −𝐼

𝒙−𝒚 𝒛 −𝟏 𝟒
Q.29: If [𝟐𝒙 − 𝒚 𝒘] = [ 𝟎 ],find the value of 𝒙 + 𝒚.
𝟓
Ans. Here,
𝑥−𝑦 𝑧 −1 4
[2𝑥 − 𝑦 𝑤 ] = [ 0 5]
⇒ 𝑥 − 𝑦 = 1, 𝑧 = 4
2𝑥 − 𝑦 = 0, 𝑤 = 5
Solving these eq. for 𝑥, 𝑦, we get
𝑥 = 1, 𝑦=2
∴ 𝑥 + 𝑦 = 1 + 2 = 3.

Q.30: Use elementary column operation 𝑪𝟐 → 𝑪𝟐 + 𝟐𝑪𝟏 in the following matrix

equation:
𝟐 𝟏 𝟑 𝟏 𝟏 𝟎
( )=( )( )
𝟐 𝟎 𝟐 𝟎 −𝟏 𝟏

2 1 3 1 1 0
Ans: ( )=( )( )
2 0 2 0 −1 1
Using 𝐶2 → 𝐶2 + 2𝐶1
2 5 3 1 1 2
( )=( )( )
2 4 2 0 −1 −1

Q.31: Write the number of all possible matrices of order 𝟐 × 𝟐 with each entry 𝟏, 𝟐
or 𝟑.
Ans: 34 = 81

Download More @ [Link]/store

[Link] [Link] [Link] [Link] [Link] [Link] [Link] [Link] [Link] [Link] [Link] [Link] [Link]
 SECTION - B
Question number 32 to 39 carry 4 mark each.

𝟐 −𝟏 𝟓 𝟐 𝟐 𝟓
Q.32: Let 𝑨 = ( ),𝑩 = ( ),𝑪 = ( ),
𝟑 𝟒 𝟕 𝟒 𝟑 𝟖
𝐅𝐢𝐧𝐝 𝐚 𝐦𝐚𝐭𝐫𝐢𝐱 𝐃 𝐬𝐮𝐜𝐡 𝐭𝐡𝐚𝐭 𝐂𝐃 − 𝐀𝐁 = 𝟎
Ans: Since A, B and C are all square matrices or order 2 and CD – AB is well defined, D
must be a square matrix of order 2.
𝑎 𝑏
𝐿𝑒𝑡 𝐷 = [ ]
𝑐 𝑑
𝑇ℎ𝑒𝑛 CD − AB = 0 gives,
2 5 𝑎 𝑏 2 −1 5 2
[ ][ ]−[ ][ ]=0
3 8 𝑐 𝑑 3 4 7 4
2𝑎 + 5𝑐 2𝑏 + 5𝑑 3 0 0 0
 [ ]−[ ]=[ ]
3𝑎 + 8𝑐 3𝑏 + 8𝑑 43 22 0 0

2𝑎 + 5𝑐 − 3 2𝑏 + 5𝑑 0 0
 [ ]=[ ]
3𝑎 + 8𝑐 − 43 3𝑏 + 8𝑑 − 22 0 0
By equality of matrices we get,
2𝑎 + 5𝑐 − 3 = 0 … . (1)
3𝑎 + 8𝑐 − 43 = 0 … . (2)
2𝑏 + 5𝑑 = 0 … . (3)
3𝑏 + 8𝑑 − 22 = 0 … . (4)

By solving (1) and (2) we get 𝑎 = −191 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑐 = 77.

Similarly, on solving (3) and (4) we get 𝑏 = −110 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑑 = 44.

Therefore,
𝑎 𝑏 −191 −110
𝐷=[ ]=[ ]
𝑐 𝑑 77 44

𝟑 𝟐 𝟓
Q.33: 𝑳𝒆𝒕 𝑨 = [𝟒 𝟏 𝟑]. Express A as sum of two matrices such that one is
𝟎 𝟔 𝟕
symmetric and other is skew symmetric.
3 2 5
Ans: Here𝐴 = [4 1 3]
0 6 7
3 4 0
′
∴ 𝐴 = [2 1 6]
5 3 7
Since any matrix A can be expressed as the sum of symmetric and skew -symmetric
matrices as
1 1
𝐴= (𝐴 + 𝐴′ ) + (𝐴 − 𝐴′ )
2 2
[Link] [Link] [Link] [Link] [Link] [Link] [Link] [Link] [Link] [Link] [Link] [Link] [Link]
 1
𝑤ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒 (𝐴 + 𝐴′ )𝑖𝑠 𝑠𝑦𝑚𝑚𝑒𝑡𝑟𝑖𝑐
2
1
𝐴𝑛𝑑 (𝐴 − 𝐴′ ) 𝑖𝑠 𝑠𝑘𝑒𝑤 − 𝑠𝑦𝑚𝑚𝑒𝑡𝑟𝑖𝑐
2
1 1 3 2 5 3 4 0
∴ (𝐴 + 𝐴′ ) = ([4 1 3] + [2 1 6])
2 2
0 6 7 5 3 7
1 6 6 5 3 3 5⁄2
= [6 2 9 ] = [ 3 1 9⁄2]
2
5 9 14 5⁄2 9⁄2 7
1 1 3 2 5 3 4 0
(𝐴 − 𝐴′ ) = ([4 1 3] − [2 1 6])
2 2
0 6 7 5 3 7
1 0 −2 5 0 −1 5⁄2
= [2 0 −3] = [ 1 0 −3⁄2]
2
−5 3 0 ⁄ ⁄
−5 2 3 2 0
3 2 5 3 3 5⁄2
∴ [4 1 3] = [ 3 1 9⁄2]
0 6 7 5⁄2 9⁄2 7
0 −1 5⁄2
+[ 1 0 −3⁄2]
−5⁄2 3⁄2 0

𝟏 𝟐 𝟐
Q.34: 𝐈𝐅 𝑨 = [𝟐 𝟏 𝟐] , 𝒗𝒆𝒓𝒊𝒇𝒚 𝒕𝒉𝒂𝒕
𝟐 𝟐 𝟏
𝑨𝟐 − 𝟒𝑨 − 𝟓𝑰 = 𝟎.
1 2 2
Ans: Here, 𝐴 = [2 1 2]
2 2 1
1 2 2 1 2 2
⇒ 𝐴2 = 𝐴. 𝐴 = [2 1 2] [2 1 2]
2 2 1 2 2 1
9 8 8
= [8 9 8]
8 8 9
∴ 𝐿. 𝐻. 𝑆. = 𝐴2 − 4𝐴 − 5𝐼
9 8 8 1 2 2 1 0 0
= [8 9 8] − 4 [2 1 2] − 5 [0 1 0]
8 8 9 2 2 1 0 0 1
0 0 0
= [0 0 0] = 0 = 𝑅. 𝐻. 𝑆.
0 0 0

Q.35: Using elementary row operations, find the inverse of the following matrix:
𝟐 𝟓
( )
𝟏 𝟑

[Link] [Link] [Link] [Link] [Link] [Link] [Link] [Link] [Link] [Link] [Link] [Link] [Link]
 2 5
Ans: Let 𝐴 = [ ]
1 3
We write A = IA
2 5 1 0
∴[ ]=[ ]𝐴
1 3 0 1
𝐴𝑝𝑝𝑙𝑦𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑅1 ↔ 𝑅2
1 3 0 1
⇒[ ]=[ ]𝐴
2 5 1 0
𝐴𝑝𝑝𝑙𝑦𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑅2 → 𝑅2 − 2𝑅1 , 𝑤𝑒 𝑔𝑒𝑡
1 3 0 1
[ ]=[ ]𝐴
0 −1 1 −2
𝐴𝑝𝑝𝑙𝑦𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑅2 → (−1)𝑅2 , 𝑤𝑒 𝑔𝑒𝑡
1 3 0 1
[ ]=[ ]𝐴
0 1 −1 2
𝐴𝑝𝑝𝑙𝑦𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑅1 → 𝑅1 − 3𝑅2 , 𝑤𝑒 𝑔𝑒𝑡
1 0 3 −5
[ ]=[ ]𝐴
0 1 −1 2
3 −5
𝐻𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑒 𝐴−1 = [ ]
−1 2

𝟐 𝟎 𝟏
Q.36: 𝐈𝐟 𝐀 = (𝟐 𝟏 𝟑) 𝐟𝐢𝐧𝐝 𝐀𝟐 − 𝟓𝐀 + 𝟒𝐈
𝟏 −𝟏 𝟎
and hence find a matrix x such that 𝐀𝟐 − 𝟓𝐀 + 𝟒𝐈 + 𝐗 = 𝟎.
Ans: Here
2 0 1
𝐴 = [2 1 3]
1 −1 0
⇒ A2 = A. A
2 0 1 2 0 1
= [2 1 3] [2 1 3]
1 −1 0 1 −1 0
5 −1 2
= [9 −2 5 ]
0 −1 −2
∴ A2 − 5A + 4I
5 −1 2 2 0 1 1 0 0
= [9 −2 5 ] − 5 [2 1 3] + 4 [0 1 0]
0 −1 −2 1 −1 0 0 0 1
5 −1 2 10 0 5 4 0 0
= [9 −2 5 ] − [10 5 15] + [0 4 0]
0 −1 −2 5 −5 0 0 0 4

[Link] [Link] [Link] [Link] [Link] [Link] [Link] [Link] [Link] [Link] [Link] [Link] [Link]
 −1 −1 −3
= [−1 −3 −10] … (1)
−5 4 2
Now to fine X, when
A2 − 5A + 4I + X = 0
⇒ X = −(𝐴2 ) − 5A + 4I
−1 −1 −3 1 1 3
= − [−1 −3 −10] = [1 3 10 ]
−5 4 2 5 −4 −2

𝟏 𝟏 𝟑
Q.37: 𝑰𝒇 𝑨 = [ 𝟎 −𝟏 𝟒] , 𝒇𝒊𝒏𝒅 (𝑨′ )−𝟏 .
−𝟐 𝟐 𝟏
Ans: Here,
1 −2 3
𝐴= [0 −1 4]
−2 2 1
1 0 −2
⇒ 𝐴′ = [−2 −1 2]
3 4 1
∴ det 𝐴′ = 1(−1 − 8) + 0 − 2 (−8 + 3)
= −9 + 10 = 1
1
∴ (𝐴′ )−1 = . adj A′
det A′
1 −9 −8 −2
= [8 7 2]
1
−5 −4 −1
−9 −8 −2
= [8 7 2 ].
−5 −4 −1

Q.38: Find matrix A such that

𝟐 −𝟏 −𝟏 −𝟖
[ 𝟏 𝟎 ] 𝑨 = [ 𝟏 −𝟐 ]
−𝟑 𝟒 𝟗 𝟐𝟐
Ans: Let matrix A is
𝑎 𝑏
𝐴=[ ]
𝑐 𝑑
2 −1 −1 −8
𝑎 𝑏
[ 1 0 ][ ] = [ 1 −2 ]
𝑐 𝑑
−3 4 9 22
2𝑎 − 𝑐 2𝑏 − 𝑑 −1 −8
[ 𝑎 𝑏 ] = [ 1 −2 ]
−3𝑎 + 4𝑐 −3𝑏 + 4𝑑 9 22

[Link] [Link] [Link] [Link] [Link] [Link] [Link] [Link] [Link] [Link] [Link] [Link] [Link]
 Comparing both the sides
2𝑎 − 𝑐 = −1,
2𝑏 − 𝑑 = −8
𝐴𝑛𝑑 𝑎 = 1, 𝑏 = −2
After solving we get
𝑐 = 3, 𝑑 = −4
1 −2
So, 𝐴 = [ ]
3 −4

Q.39: Express the following matrix as the sum of a symmetric and a skew symmetric
matrix, and verify your result:
𝟑 −𝟐 −𝟒
( 𝟑 −𝟐 −𝟓)
−𝟏 𝟏 𝟐
Ans:
3 −2 −4
𝐿𝑒𝑡 𝐴 = [ 3 −2 −5]
−1 1 2
3 3 −1
′
∴ 𝐴 = [−2 −2 1 ]
−4 −5 2
Since any matrix A can be represented as the sum of symmetric and skew symmetric
matrices as
1 1
𝐴= (A + A′ ) + (A − A′)
2 2
1
where (A + A′ )is a symmetric matrix
2
1
and (A − A′ )is a skew symmetric matrix
2
1
∴ (𝐴 + 𝐴′ )
2
1 3 −2 −4 3 3 −1
= ([ 3 −2 −5] + [−2 −2 1 ] )
2
−1 1 2 −4 −5 2
1 −5
3
2 2
1 6 1 −5 1 1
= [ 1 −4 −4] = −2 −2 𝑎𝑛𝑑 (𝐴 − 𝐴′)
2 2 2
−5 −4 4
5
−
[ 2 −2 2]

1 3 −2 −4 3 3 −1
= ([ 3 −2 −5] − [−2 −2 1 ] )
2
−1 1 2 −4 −5 2

[Link] [Link] [Link] [Link] [Link] [Link] [Link] [Link] [Link] [Link] [Link] [Link] [Link]
 5 −3
0 −
2 2
1 0 −5 −3 5
= [5 0 −6] = 0 −3
2 2
−3 6 0
3
[2 3 0]

3 −2 −4
∴ [ 3 −2 −5]
−1 1 2
1 5 5 −3
3 − 0 −
2 2 2 2
1 5
= −2 −2 + 0 −3
2 2
5 3
[ 2 −2
− 2 ] [2 3 0]

Verification:
1 5
3 −
2 2
1
𝐿𝑒𝑡 𝑃 = −2 −2
2
5
[− 2 −2 2 ]

5 −3
0 −
2 2
5
𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑄 = 0 −3
2
3
[2 3 0]
1 −5
3
2 2
1
∴ 𝑃′ = −2 −2
2
5
[ 2 −2 2 ]
−

5 3
0
2 2
5
𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑄 ′ = − 0 3
2
3
[ − 2 −3 0]
−5 −3
0 2 2
′ ′ 5
𝑃 = 𝑃𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑄 = − 0 −3 = −Q
2
3
[2 3 0]

Hence matrix P is symmetric matrix and matrix Q is skew-symmetric matrix.

Download More @ [Link]/store

[Link] [Link] [Link] [Link] [Link] [Link] [Link] [Link] [Link] [Link] [Link] [Link] [Link]
 SECTION - C
Question number 40 to 46 carry 6 mark each.

Q.40: Using elementary transformations, find the inverse of the matrix.

𝟏 𝟑 −𝟐
(−𝟑 𝟎 −𝟏)
𝟐 𝟏 𝟎
Ans:
1 3 −2
𝐶𝑜𝑛𝑠𝑖𝑑𝑒𝑟𝐴 = (−3 0 −1)
2 1 0
We have A = IA
1 3 −2 1 0 0
(−3 0 −1) = (0 1 0) 𝐴
2 1 0 0 0 1
[𝑅2 → 𝑅2 + 3𝑅1 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑅3 → 𝑅3 − 2𝑅1 ]
1 3 −2 1 0 0
(0 9 −7) = ( 3 1 0) 𝐴
0 −5 4 −2 0 1
𝑅2
[𝑅2 → ]
9
1 3 −2 1 0 0
(0 1 −7/9) = (1/3 1/9 0) 𝐴
0 −5 4 −2 0 1
[𝑅3 → 𝑅3 + 5𝑅2 ]
1 3 −2 1 0 0
(0 1 −7 /9) = ( 1/3 1/9 0) 𝐴
0 0 1/9 −1/3 5/9 1
[𝑅3 → 9𝑅3 ]
1 3 −2 1 0 0
(0 1 −7/9) = (1/3 1/9 0) 𝐴
0 0 1 −3 5 9
[𝑅1 → 𝑅1 − 3𝑅2 ]
1 0 1/3 1 −1/3 0
(0 1 −7 /9) = (1/3 1/9 0) 𝐴
0 0 1 −3 5 9
1 7
[𝑅1 → 𝑅1 − 𝑅3, 𝑅2 → 𝑅2 + 𝑅3 ]
3 9
1 0 0 1 −2 −3
(0 1 0) = (−2 4 7 )𝐴
0 0 1 −3 5 9
1 −2 −3
∴ 𝐴−1 = (−2 4 7)
−3 5 9

[Link] [Link] [Link] [Link] [Link] [Link] [Link] [Link] [Link] [Link] [Link] [Link] [Link]
 Q.41: Using elementary operations, find the inverse of the following matrix:
−𝟏 𝟏 𝟐
[𝟏 𝟐 𝟑]
𝟑 𝟏 𝟏
−1 1 2
Ans: 𝐿𝑒𝑡 𝐴 = [ 1 2 3]
3 1 1
𝑁𝑜𝑤 𝐴 = 𝐼3 𝐴
−1 1 2 1 0 0
⇒ [1 2 3] = [ 0 1 0] 𝐴
3 1 1 0 0 1

𝑅2 → 𝑅2 + 𝑅1 −1 1 2 1 0 0
⇒ [ 0 3 5 ] = [1 1 0] 𝐴
𝑅3 → 𝑅3 + 3𝑅1
0 4 7 3 0 1
1 −1 −2 −1 0 0
𝑅1 → (−1)𝑅1
⇒ [0 4 7 ] = [ 3 0 1] 𝐴
𝑅2 ↔ 𝑅3
0 3 5 1 1 0
1 −1 −2 −1 0 0
⇒ 𝑅2 → 𝑅2 − 𝑅3 [0 1 2 ] = [ 2 −1 1] 𝐴
0 3 5 1 1 0
1 −1 −2 −1 0 0
⇒ 𝑅3 → 𝑅3 − 3𝑅2 [0 1 2 ] = [ 2 −1 1 ] 𝐴
0 0 −1 −5 4 −3
1 −1 −2 −1 0 0
⇒ 𝑅3 → (−1)𝑅3 [0 1 2 ] = [ 2 −1 1] 𝐴
0 0 1 5 −4 3

𝑅1 → 𝑅1 + 𝑅2 1 0 0 1 −1 1
⇒ [ 1 0] = [−8 7 −5] 𝐴
𝑅2 → 𝑅2 − 2𝑅3 0
0 0 1 5 −4 3
1 −1 1
∴ 𝐴−1 = [−8 7 −5]
5 −4 3
𝑌𝑜𝑢 𝑐𝑎𝑛 𝑒𝑎𝑠𝑖𝑙𝑦 𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑖𝑓𝑦: 𝐴. 𝐴−1 = 𝐼3 .

Q.42: Using elementary transformations, find the inverse of the matrix

𝟖 𝟒 𝟑
𝑨 = (𝟐 𝟏 𝟏) and use it to solve the following system of linear equation:
𝟏 𝟐 𝟐
𝟖𝒙 + 𝟒𝒚 + 𝟑𝒛 = 𝟏𝟗
𝟐𝒙 + 𝒚 + 𝒛 = 𝟓
𝒙 + 𝟐𝒚 + 𝟐𝒙 = 𝟕
8 4 3
Ans: 𝐴 = (2 1 1 )
1 2 2
Let A = IA

[Link] [Link] [Link] [Link] [Link] [Link] [Link] [Link] [Link] [Link] [Link] [Link] [Link]
 8 4 3 1 0 0
(2 1 1) = ( 0 1 0)
1 2 2 0 0 1
𝐴𝑝𝑝𝑙𝑦 𝑅1 → 𝑅3
8 4 3 0 0 1
(2 1 1) = (0 1 0) 𝐴
1 2 2 1 0 0
𝐴𝑝𝑝𝑙𝑦 𝑅2 → 𝑅2 − 2𝑅1 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑅3 → 𝑅3 − 8𝑅3
1 2 2 0 0 1
(0 −3 −3 ) = (0 1 −2) 𝐴
0 −12 −13 1 0 −8
𝐴𝑝𝑝𝑙𝑦 𝑅3 → 𝑅3 − 4𝑅2
1 2 2 0 0 1
(0 −3 −3) = (0 1 −2) 𝐴
0 0 −1 1 −4 0
𝐴𝑝𝑝𝑙𝑦 𝑅3 → (−1)𝑅3 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑅2 → (−1/3)𝑅2
1 2 2 0 0 1
(0 1 1) = ( 0 −1/3 2/3) 𝐴
0 0 1 −1 4 0
𝐴𝑝𝑝𝑙𝑦 𝑅2 → 𝑅2 − 𝑅3
1 2 2 0 0 1
(0 1 0) = ( 1 −1/3 2/3) 𝐴
0 0 1 −1 4 0
𝐴𝑝𝑝𝑙𝑦 𝑅1 → 𝑅1 − 2𝑅1
1 0 2 −2 26/3 −1/3
(0 1 0) = ( 1 −13/3 2/3 ) 𝐴
0 0 1 −1 4 0
𝐴𝑝𝑝𝑙𝑦 𝑅1 → 𝑅1 − 2𝑅3
1 0 0 0 2/3 −1/3
(0 1 0) = ( 1 −13/3 2/3 ) 𝐴
0 0 1 −1 4 0
𝑖. 𝑒. 𝐼 = 𝐵𝐴
0 2/3 −1/3
⇒ 𝐴−1 = 𝐵 = ( 1 −13/3 2/3 ) 𝐴
−1 4 0
𝑁𝑜𝑤 8𝑥 + 4𝑦 + 3𝑧 = 19
2𝑥 + 𝑦 + 𝑧 = 5
𝑥 + 2𝑦 + 2𝑧 = 7
can be written as system of matrix
8 4 3 𝑥 19
𝐴 = (2 1 1 ) 𝑋 = ( 𝑦 ) 𝐶 = ( 5 )
1 2 2 𝑧 7
𝐴𝑋 = 𝐶
𝑋 = 𝐴−1 𝐶 𝑖𝑠 𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛

[Link] [Link] [Link] [Link] [Link] [Link] [Link] [Link] [Link] [Link] [Link] [Link] [Link]
 2 1
0 −
3 3 19
𝑋= 13 2 (5)
1 − 7
3 3
(−1 4 0 )
10 7
𝑥 −
3 3 1
𝑦
( )= 65 14 = (19 − 17)
𝑧 19 − + 1
3 3
( −19 + 20 )
1
= (2 )
1
𝑖. 𝑒. , 𝑥 = 1, 𝑦 = 2, 𝑧 = 1

Q.43: Using elementary row transformations, find the inverse of the matrix
𝟏 𝟐 𝟑
𝐀=[ 𝟐 𝟓 𝟕]
−𝟐 −𝟒 −𝟓
Ans: Using elementary Row operations:

` Let: A = IA
0 1 −2 1 0 0
[−2 9 −23] = [0 1 0] 𝐴
−1 5 −13 0 0 1
1 2 3 1 0 0
[0 1 1] = [−2 1 0] 𝐴 {𝑈𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑔, 𝑅2 → 𝑅2 − 2𝑅1 ; 𝑅3 → 𝑅3 + 2𝑅1 }
0 0 1 2 0 1
1 0 1 5 −2 0
[0 1 1] = [−2 1 0] 𝐴 {𝑈𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑔, 𝑅1 → 𝑅1 − 2𝑅2 }
0 0 1 2 0 1
1 0 1 3 −2 −1
[0 1 1] = [−4 1 −1] 𝐴 {𝑈𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑔, 𝑅1 → 𝑅1 − 𝑅3 ; 𝑅2 → 𝑅2 − 𝑅3 }
0 0 1 2 0 1
3 −2 −1
∴ 𝐴−1 = [−4 1 −1]
2 0 1

Q.44: Using elementary transformations, find the inverse of the following matrix:
𝟏 𝟐 𝟑
[𝟐 𝟓 𝟕]
−𝟐 −𝟒 −𝟓
1 2 3
Ans: 𝐿𝑒𝑡 𝐴 = [ 2 5 7]
−2 −4 −5
In order to use elementary row transformations, we write 𝐴 = 𝐼 𝐴

[Link] [Link] [Link] [Link] [Link] [Link] [Link] [Link] [Link] [Link] [Link] [Link] [Link]
 1 2 3 1 0 0
[2 5 7 ] = [ 0 1 0] 𝐴
−2 −4 −5 0 0 1
𝐴𝑝𝑝𝑙𝑦𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑅2 → 𝑅2 − 2𝑅1 , 𝑅3 → 𝑅3 + 2𝑅1
1 2 3 1 0 0
[0 1 1] = [−2 1 0] 𝐴
0 0 1 2 0 1
𝐴𝑝𝑝𝑙𝑦𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑅2 → 𝑅2 − 𝑅3 , 𝑅1 → 𝑅1 − 3𝑅3
1 2 0 −5 0 −3
[0 1 0] = [−4 1 −1] 𝐴
0 0 1 2 0 1
𝐴𝑝𝑝𝑙𝑦𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑅1 → 𝑅1 − 2𝑅2
1 0 0 3 −2 −1
[0 1 0] = [−4 1 −1] 𝐴
0 0 1 2 0 1
3 −2 −1
∴ 𝐴−1 = [−4 1 −1]
2 0 1

Q.45: Obtain the inverse of the following matrix using elementary operations;
𝟑 𝟎 −𝟏
𝑨 = [𝟐 𝟑 𝟎]
𝟎 𝟒 𝟏
Ans: Since A= IA
3 0 −1 1 0 0
∴ [2 3 0 ] = [0 1 0] 𝐴
0 4 1 0 0 1
1
𝐴𝑝𝑝𝑙𝑦𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑅1 → 𝑅 , 𝑊𝑒 𝑔𝑒𝑡
3 1
1 1
1 0 − 0 0
[ 3] = [3 ]𝐴
2 3 0 0 1 0
0 4 1 0 0 1
𝐴𝑝𝑝𝑙𝑦𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑅2 → 𝑅2 − 2𝑅1 , 𝑤𝑒 𝑔𝑒𝑡
1 1
1 0 − 0 0
3 3
2 = 2 𝐴
0 3 − 1 0
3 3
[0 4 1 ] [ 0 0 1]
1
𝐴𝑝𝑝𝑙𝑦𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑅2 → 𝑅 , 𝑤𝑒 𝑔𝑒𝑡
3 2
1 1
1 0 − 0 0
3 3
2 = −2 1 𝐴
0 1 0
9 9 3
[0 4 1 ] [0 0 1]
[Link] [Link] [Link] [Link] [Link] [Link] [Link] [Link] [Link] [Link] [Link] [Link] [Link]
 𝐴𝑝𝑝𝑙𝑦𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑅3 → 𝑅3 − 4𝑅2
1 1
1 0 − 0 0
3 3
2 −2 1
0 1 = 0 𝐴
9 9 3
1 8 −4
[0 0 9 ] [9 3
1]

𝐴𝑝𝑝𝑙𝑦𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑅3 → 9𝑅3 , 𝑤𝑒 𝑔𝑒𝑡

1 1
1 0 − 0 0
3 3
2 = −2 1 𝐴
0 1 0
9 9 3
[0 0 1 ] [ 8 −12 9]
2
𝐴𝑝𝑝𝑙𝑦𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑅2 → 𝑅2 − 𝑅3 ,
9
1
𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑅1 → 𝑅1 + 𝑅3
3
1 0 0 3 −4 3
[0 1 0] = [−2 3 −2] 𝐴
0 0 1 8 −12 9
3 −4 3
𝐻𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑒 𝐴−1 = [−2 3 −2]
8 −12 9

Q.46: Find the inverse of the following matrix using elementary operations:
𝟏 𝟐 −𝟐
𝑨 = (−𝟏 𝟑 𝟎)
𝟎 −𝟐 𝟏
1 2 −2
Ans: Let 𝐴 = (−1 3 0)
0 −2 1
In order to use elementary row transformation, we write A = IA
1 2 −2 1 0 0
[−1 3 0 ] = [ 0 1 0] 𝐴
0 −2 1 0 0 1
𝐴𝑝𝑝𝑙𝑦𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑅2 → 𝑅2 + 𝑅1 , 𝑤𝑒 𝑔𝑒𝑡
1 2 −2 1 0 0
[0 5 −2] = [1 1 0] 𝐴
0 −2 1 0 0 1
1
𝐴𝑝𝑝𝑙𝑦𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑅2 → 𝑅 , 𝑤𝑒 𝑔𝑒𝑡
5 2
1 2
−2 1 0 0
−2 1 1
[0 1 ]=[ 0] 𝐴
5 5 5
0 −2 1 0 0 1
𝐴𝑝𝑝𝑙𝑦𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑅3 → 𝑅3 + 2𝑅2 𝑤𝑒 𝑔𝑒𝑡
[Link] [Link] [Link] [Link] [Link] [Link] [Link] [Link] [Link] [Link] [Link] [Link] [Link]
 1 2 −2 1 0 0
−2 1 1
0 1 0
5 = 5 5 𝐴
1 2 2
[0 0 5 ] [5 5
1]

𝐴𝑝𝑝𝑙𝑦𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑅3 → 5 𝑅3 𝑤𝑒 𝑔𝑒𝑡
1 2 −2 1 0 0
−2 1 1
[0 1 ]=[ 0]
5 5 5
0 0 1 2 2 5
2
𝐴𝑝𝑝𝑙𝑦𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑅2 → 𝑅2 + 𝑅 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑅1 → 𝑅1 + 2 𝑅3 , 𝑤𝑒 𝑔𝑒𝑡
5 3
1 2 0 5 4 10
[0 1 0] = [1 1 2 ]𝐴
0 0 1 2 2 5
𝐴𝑝𝑝𝑙𝑦𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑅1 → 𝑅1 − 2𝑅2 𝑤𝑒 𝑔𝑒𝑡
1 0 0 3 2 6
[0 1 0] = [1 1 2] 𝐴
0 0 1 2 2 5
3 2 6
−1
𝐻𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑒 𝐴 = [1 1 2]
2 2 5

Download More @ [Link]

[Link] [Link] [Link] [Link] [Link] [Link] [Link] [Link] [Link] [Link] [Link] [Link] [Link]