Deped LR REFERENCING GUIDE

Learning resources produced by the Department of Education follow the general publication style, mainly borrowing the guide from the
16th Edition of the Chicago Manual of Style. BLR opted to follow CMoS, being the most widely used citation and referencing style in
publications using the Standard English. However, BLR also recommends specific usage in citation and referencing styles in order to
tailor-fit to Philippine education needs.

CMoS uses two methods in citation: the Notes and Bibliography and the Author-Date. In addition, Deped LR intends to incorporate the
guidelines regarding Running Text and Acknowledgement. It should be noted that since CMoS is widely used in general publication, the
education setting finds a need to modify and adapt styles. For one, introducing new concepts and personalities needs to be more than
just stating the term or name. These need to be properly introduced, taking into consideration that learners do not have the repertoire of
books and authors. With this, a modified Notes and Bibliography style is recommended.

As CMoS noted 16th Edition, “conventions for documentation vary according to scholarly discipline, the preferences of publishers and
authors, and the needs of a particular work.”

SOURCE NOTING NOTES AND BIBLIOGRAPHY

Source noting is deemed important in developing learning resources wherein writers find the need to use third-party materials such as
news and journal articles, tables, graphs, and illustrations. In such cases, a source note should immediately follow the said materials.

For styling purposes, source notes should be one 1 point smaller than the regular text, should be flushed right, and should be in regular
font except for italicized titles for books and long works following the DepEd Stylebook Please refer to DepEd Stylebook Version 2017.
The word “source” should be written in bold face.

Example:

When streams of waters create waterways, rivers are formed. But it is a wonder of nature when the water passes
through a cave and drains itself to the sea. The Puerto Princesa Underground River is a subterranean waterway
under a mountain range. It is one of the longest rivers flowing under the earth. What makes it more beautiful is the
system of navigable caves which boast of karst formation and internal natural stalagmite, stalactite, and columns.

The river is a part of the larger Puerto Princesa Underground River Natural Park, which is included in the list of
UNESCO World Heritage Sites. Also, the underground river reaches international fame as the second verified
winner in the New Seven Wonders of Nature global poll. It won because of the uniqueness of its formation and
because of its rich mountain-to-sea ecosystem.

The coastal part St. Paul Bay features mangroves, grassy sea bed, and coral reefs.
Source: JJ Cordova, Seven Natural Wonders of the Philippines Marikina: Maley Publishing, 2014, 74.

BLR came up with the term source note to refer to the note immediately following the third-party material being used in the
presentation. Other forms of notes are end notes written at the end of the document or chapter and foot notes written at
the bottom of the page where the third-party materials are used.

BLR recommends a shortened citation in a note, to be supplemented with an entry in the bibliography following this style:

Source Note Style

1. Author, title of work, and fact of publication, are written in that order.
2. Elements are separated by commas; the facts of publication are enclosed in parentheses.
3. Author’s names are presented in standard order first name first.
 4. Titles are capitalized headline-style. Capitalize the first and last words in titles and subtitles, and capitalize all other
major words.
5. Titles of larger works are italicized; titles of smaller works or unpublished works are presented in roman and
enclosed in quotation marks.
6. Such terms as editor/edited by, translator/translated by, volume, and edition are abbreviated.
7. Only the page number/s where the material or passage was sourced from will be provided on the notes.

Endnotes and Footnotes Style

1. Same style 1 through 7 applies for entries in endnotes, footnotes, and source notes.
2. Notes should be numbered consecutively, beginning with 1, throughout each article and for each new chapter.
3. Numbering should continue through the entire book only if there is no internal division.
4. Symbols may be used instead of a number, but only when there is a handful of footnotes in the entire book. The
most common symbol used asterisk *, followed by † ‡ § should there be a need for it.
5. Note number should generally be placed at the end of a sentence or at the end of a clause.
6. Note number normally follows a quotation, but can be any punctuation except for the dash where it precedes.
7. The abbreviation ibid. from ibidem, “in the same place” usually refers to a single work cited the note immediately
preceding. It must never be used if the preceding note contains more than one citation.
8. Ibid. should be used only when the authors, title of work, and as much of the succeeding material is identical. For
the same work with the same pages, ibid. should be followed by a comma, then the page number/s where the
passage come from.

Source Notes in Images

1. Creator, name of work, and fact of publication, in that order.

2. Every image should have a title or name. In cases where the title is not explicitly stated, Untitled or a descriptive
title should be written.
3. If the image is owned by the single author of a book or publication, there is no need to include a source note. If
there are more than one authors, a shortened note should be written.
4. For layout purposes, the source note may be written on the left side of an image.
5. If the image includes a caption, the source note should immediately follow, enclosed in parentheses .
6. There is no longer a need for bibliographic entry if fact of publication is complete.

BOOKS

With One Author

First Name Middle Initial Last Name, Title of Book Publisher City: Publisher, Year of Publication, page numbers.

Source: Jom C. Alda, Writings of the Children of Lam-ang Marikina: Brains Pub, 2015, 56-64.

With Two Authors

First Name Middle Initial Last Name and First Name Middle Initial Last Name, Title of Book Publisher City: Publisher, Year
of Publication, page numbers.

Source: Jom C. Alda and Rone Ray M. Portacion, Dialogues, Atop the Cinnamon Tree Taipei: One Chin Corp,
2013, 78.
With Three Authors
First Name Middle Initial Last Name, First Name Middle Initial Last Name, and First Name Middle Initial Last Name, Title of
Book Publisher City: Publisher, Year of Publication, page numbers.

Source: Herminio Jose C. Catud, Dinnah A. Bañares, and Renata G. Rovillos, Apples, Pomegranate, Lemons and
the Filipino Element of Neopolitics Pasig: Clocks Inc., 2009, 87-90.

With Four Authors

First Name Middle Initial Last Name of first author et. al., Title of Book Publisher city: Publisher, Year of Publication, page
numbers.

Source: Rone Ray M. Portacion, The Backpackers’ Guide to Central Philippines Bacoor: Echopollo Prints, 2012,
13-17.

With Editor, in place of Author

First Name Middle Initial Last Name, ed., Title of Book Publisher City: Publisher, Year of Publication, page numbers.

Source: Jom C. Alda, ed., Writings of the Children of Lam-ang Marikina: Brains Pub, 2015, 56-64.

Note: Use eds if more than one authors are listed. Use trans for translator, and comp for compiler, after the name.

With Author and Editor

First Name Middle Initial Last Name, Title of Book, ed. First Name Middle Initial and Last Name Publisher City: Publisher,
Year of Publication page numbers.

Source: Jom C. Alda, Writings of the Children of Lam-ang, ed. Rone Ray M. Portacion Marikina: Brains Pub, 2015
56-64.

With Author and Translator

First Name Middle Initial Last Name, Title of Book, trans. First Name Middle Initial and Last Name Publisher City: Publisher,
Year of Publication page numbers.

Source: Jom C. Alda, Writings of the Children of Lam-ang, trans. Teresita E. Helgason, Ed. D. Marikina: Brains
Pub, 2015 56-64.

Preface, foreword, introduction or similar part of a book

First Name Middle Initial Last Name, introduction to Title of Book Publisher City: Publisher, Year of Publication, page
numbers

Source: Teresita E. Helgason, Ed. D., introduction to Writings of the Children of Lam-ang Marikina: Brains Pub,
2015, 56-64.

ARTICLES

For multiple authors and for editors and translators, same sequence applies: First Name Middle Initial Last Name. Use [Link].
after the first of at least four authors.

Article in a print journal

First Name Middle Initial Last Name, “Title of Article,” Name of Journal Volume Year of Publication: page numbers used.

Source: Jom Alda, “Ivatan Mythology Amidst Changes,” Northern Chronicles 2012, 88.
Article in a newspaper or popular magazine
First Name Middle Initial Last Name, “Title of Article,” Name of Magazine, Date of Publication, pages used.

Source: Rone Ray M. Portacion, “Academic Honesty in the Basic Education,” Green Torch, January 16, 2016, E-
45.

Book review
First Name Middle Initial Last Name, “Title of Review,” review of Title of Book, by Author, Name of Magazine, Date of
Publication.

Source: Jom C. Alda, “Framing the Filipino Family,” review of Sociological Foundation of Oriental Culture, by
Raymund L. Santiago, Sunday Magazine, May 7, 2003.

ACADEMIC PAPERS

For academic papers, same convention is used when citing a material with multiple authors.

Thesis or Dissertation
First Name Middle Initial Last Name, “Title of Thesis or Dissertation” master’s thesis OR PhD diss., Name of School, Year of
Submission.

Source: Jom C. Alda, “Laying the Ground for Filipino Academic Honesty: A Study on Plagiarism” master’s thesis,
De La Salle University Dasmariñas, 2017.

Source: Rone Ray M. Portacion, “Into the Psyche of Intellectual Honesty: A Closer Look at Cultural and
Psychological Foundation of Academic Dishonesty” PhD diss., Ateneo De Manila University, 2019.

Paper presented at a meeting or conference

First Name Middle Initial Last Name, “Title of Paper” paper presented at the Name of Event, Venue of Event, Date of Event.

Source: Jom C. Alda, “Laying the Ground for Filipino Academic Honesty: A Study on Plagiarism and Cheating”
paper presented at the Southeast Asian Intellectual Property Standard Forum, Bangkok, Thailand, August 17,
2018.

ELECTONIC RESOURCES

Uniform resource locators URL and digital object identifiers DOI are two locating addresses on computer networks and
databases. Either of these two is important in citing references, with the purpose to lead readers to the original source through
web links. However, it is not enough to provide the URL alone, as the web link might expire or the source might have moved
to a different URL. It is still recommended to cite the full facts of publication.

Note: If a URL or DOI has to be broken at the end of a line, the break should be made after a colon :: or double slash
//; before a slash /, a tilde ~, a period, a comma, a hyphen, an underline _, a question mark, a number sign, a percent symbol;
or before or after an equals sign or an ampersand.

Books Published Electronically

First Name Middle Initial Last Name, Title of Book Publisher City: Publisher, Year of Publication, electronic version. include
URL if consulted online.
 Source: Teresita E. Helgason, Ed. D., Writings of the Children of Lam-ang Marikina: Brains Pub, 2015, Kindle
version.

Source: Dinnah A. Bañares, Writings of the Children of Lam-ang Marikina: Brains Pub, 2015, http://
[Link]/ilocandia/writings

Journal Article in an Online Journal

First Name Middle Initial Last Name, “Title of article,” Name of Journal Volume Year of Publication: page number, accessed
Access Date, doi:DOI number OR URL address

Source: Teresita E. Helgason, Ed. D. and Jom C. Alda, “The Lady of Magat River,” Ilocandia Myth Researches 115
2011: 46-48, accessed May 7, 2008, doi:10.1037/rmh000007

Source: Herminio Jose C. Catud and Jom C. Alda, “The Lady of Magat River,” Ilocandia Myth Researches 115 2011:
46-48, accessed May 7, 2008, [Link]

Website
“Title of Material,” Name of Website Owner, last modified Date of Modification OR accessed Date of Access, URL Address.

Source: “Call for Entries to the National Competition on Storybook Writing,” Department of Education, last
modified August 15, 2017, [Link]/publications.

Source: “Call for Entries to the National Competition on Storybook Writing,” Department of Education, accessed
August 15, 2017, [Link]/publications.

Blog Entry
First Name Middle Initial Last Name, “Title of Blog Entry,” Title of Blog, Date of Posting, URL Address.

Source: Teresita E. Helgason, Ed. D., “More than a Thousand Choices of Chocolate,” The Clumsy Ninja Travelogue,
January 7, 2011, [Link]/clumsytravels/bohol.

Photographs and Images

First Name Middle Initial Last Name, “Title of Image,” Title of Blog, Date of Posting, URL Address.

Source: Renata G. Rovillos, “More than a Thousand Choices of Chocolate,” The Clumsy Ninja Travelogue, January
7, 2011, [Link]/clumsytravels/bohol.

PHOTOGRAPH OR IMAGE

In Museum or Gallery
First Name Middle Initial Last Name, Title of Image, Medium if appropriate, Size of work if appropriate, Date Created,
Collection Title, Museum/Institution, Location.

Source: Rone Ray M. Portacion, The Immobile Batmobile, oil in canvas, March 2005, Child Superheroes, Big Bang
Museum, Chile.

In Print
First Name Middle Initial Last Name, Title of Image, in Title of Print Material, Publishing City: Publisher, Date Published.
Source: Dinnah A. Bañares, The Immobile Batmobile, in Inspirations of Comicon, San Diego: Comic-con Prints, July
2007.
Free Royalty Images from the Internet
First Name Middle Initial Last Name, Title of Image, Free Royalty. Source.

Jom Alda, Alligators, Free Royalty. [Link].

Creative Commons Images

Name of Creator, Title of Image, URL Address. Copyright information.

Jejomar Alda, Free Thinking Athlete, [Link]/stopper. Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-

ShareAlike 3.0 Generic.

Note: A photo is licensed under Creative Commons if a CC logo is located in its source line. Write down the exact license
information of the image, as there are a number of licenses with varying degree of restrictions.

Bibliographic Entry

The bibliographic entry of notes should follow this style:

1. Regardless of page numbers where the passages and materials borrowed appear, the entries in Bibliography are
arranged alphabetically.
2. Elements are separated by periods rather than by commas; the facts of publication are not enclosed in
parentheses.
3. Author’s name is inverted last name first.
4. In case of multiple authors, the first-listed author’s name should be inverted while other authors follow the standard
order.
5. Titles are capitalized headline-style unless they are in a foreign language.
6. Titles of larger works are italicized; titles of smaller works or unpublished works are presented in roman and
enclosed in quotation marks.
7. Such terms as editor/edited by, translator/translated by, volume, and edition are spelled out in a bibliography.
8. No page number is provided; but for journal articles or chapters, the beginning and ending page numbers of the
entire material may be provided.

BOOKS

With One Author

Last Name, First Name Middle Initial. Title of Book. Publisher City: Publisher, Year of Publication.

Alda, Jom C. Writings of the Children of Lam-ang. Marikina: Brains Pub, 2015.

With Two Authors

Last Name, First Name and Middle Initial and First Name Middle Initial Last Name. Title of Book. Publisher City: Publisher,
Year of Publication.

Alda, Jom C. and Rone Ray M. Portacion. Dialogues, Atop the Cinnamon Tree. Taipei: One Chin Corp, 2013.
With Three Authors
Last Name, First Name Middle Initial, First Name Middle Initial Last Name, and First Name Middle Initial Last Name. Title of
Book. Publisher City: Publisher, Year of Publication.

Alda, Jom C., Rone Ray M. Portacion, and Teresita E. Helgason, Ed. D.. Apples, Pomegranates, Lemons and the
Filipino Element of Neopolitics. Pasig: Clocks Inc., 2009.

With Four Authors

Last Name, First Name Middle Initial, First Name Middle Initial Last Name, First Name Middle Initial Last Name, and First
Name Middle Initial Last Name. Title of Book. Publisher City: Publisher, Year of Publication.

Alda, Jom C., Rone Ray M. Portacion, Teresita E. Helgason, Ed. D., and The Backpackers’ Guide to Central
Philippines Bacoor: Echopollo Prints, 2012, 13-17.

Note: Same applies to more authors.

With Editor in Place of Author

Last Name, First Name Middle Initial, ed. Title of Book. Publisher City: Publisher, Year of Publication.

Alda, Jom C. ed. Writings of the Children of Lam-ang. Marikina: Brains Pub, 2015.

Note: Use eds if more than one authors are listed.

With Author and Editor

Last Name, First Name Middle Initial. Title of Book. edited by First Name Middle Initial and Last Name. Publisher City:
Publisher, Year of Publication.

Alda, Jom C. Writings of the Children of Lam-ang, edited by Rone Ray M. Portacion. Marikina: Brains Pub, 2015.

With Author and Translator

Last Name, First Name Middle Initial. Title of Book. translated by First Name Middle Initial and Last Name. Publisher City:
Publisher, Year of Publication.

Alda, Jom C. Writings of the Children of Lam-ang, translated by Teresita E. Helgason, Ed. D.. Marikina: Brains
Pub, 2015.

Preface, foreword, introduction or similar part of a book

Last Name, First Name Middle Initial. introduction to Title of Book. Publisher City: Publisher, Year of Publication.

Fruza, Evelyn C., Ph. D., Introduction to Writings of the Children of Lam-ang. Marikina: Brains Pub, 2015.

ARTICLES

For multiple authors and for editors and translators, same sequence applies: First Name Middle Initial Last Name. Use [Link].
after the first of at least four authors.

Article in a Print Journal

Last Name, First Name Middle Initial. “Title of Article,” Name of Journal Volume Year of Publication: coverage of the article.

Alda, Jom C. “Ivatan Mythology Amidst Changes.” Northern Chronicles 2012, 87-125.
Article in a Newspaper or Popular Magazine
Last Name, First Name Middle Initial. “Title of Article.” Name of Magazine, Date of Publication.

Ortiz, Lilibeth G.. “Academic Honesty in the Basic Education.” Green Torch, January 16, 2016.

Book Review
Last Name, First Name Middle Initial. “Title of Review.” Review of Title of Book, by Author, Name of Magazine, Date of
Publication.

Alda, Jom C. “Framing the Filipino Family.” Review of Sociological Foundation of Oriental Culture, by Raymund L.
Santiago, Sunday Magazine, May 7, 2003.

ACADEMIC PAPERS

For academic papers, same convention is used when citing a material with multiple authors.

Thesis or Dissertation
Last Name, First Name Middle Initial. “Title of Thesis or Dissertation.” Master’s thesis OR PhD diss., Name of School, Year
of Submission.

Alda, Jom C. “Laying the Ground for Filipino Academic Honesty: A Study on Plagiarism.” Master’s thesis, De La
Salle University Dasmariñas, 2017.

Ortiz, Lilibeth G.. “Into the Psyche of Intellectual Honesty: A Closer Look at Cultural and Psychological Foundation
of Academic Dishonesty.” PhD diss., Ateneo De Manila University, 2019.

Paper Presented at a Meeting or Conference

Last Name, First Name Middle Initial. “Title of Pape.r” Ppaper presented at the Name of Event, Venue of Event, Date of
Event.

Alda, Jom C. “Laying the Ground for Filipino Academic Honesty: A Study on Plagiarism and Cheating.” Paper
presented at the Southeast Asian Intellectual Property Standard Forum, Bangkok, Thailand, August 17, 2018.

ELECTONIC RESOURCES

Uniform resource locators URL and digital object identifiers DOI are two locating addresses on computer networks and
databases. Either of these two is important in citing references, with the purpose to lead readers to the original source through
web links. However, it is not enough to provide the URL alone, as the web link might expire or the source might have moved
to a different URL. It is still recommended to cite the full facts of publication.

Note: If a URL or DOI has to be broken at the end of a line, the break should be made after a colon :: or double slash
//; before a slash /, a tilde ~, a period, a comma, a hyphen, an underline _, a question mark, a number sign, a percent symbol;
or before or after an equals sign or an ampersand.

Books Published Electronically

Last Name, First Name Middle Initial. Title of Book. Publisher City: Publisher, Year of Publication. electronic version. include
URL if consulted online.

Fruza, Evelyn C., Ph. D.. Writings of the Children of Lam-ang. Marikina: Brains Pub, 2015. Kindle version.
 Rovillos, Renata G., Writings of the Children of Lam-ang. Marikina: Brains Pub, 2015. http://
[Link]/ilocandia/writings.

Journal Article in an Online Journal

Last Name, First Name Middle Initial. “Title of Article.” Name of Journal Volume Year of Publication: page coverage.
Accessed Access Date. doi:DOI number OR URL address.

Catud, Herminio Jose C. and Jom C. Alda. “The Lady of Magat River.” Ilocandia Myth Researches 115 2011: 46-53.
Accessed May 7, 2008. doi:10.1037/rmh000007

Labad, Evelyn C. and Jom C. Alda. “The Lady of Magat River.” Ilocandia Myth Researches 115 2011: 46-53.
Accessed May 7, 2008. [Link]

Website Content
Name of Website Owner. “Title of Content.” Last modified Date of Modification OR Date Accessed. URL Address.

Department of Education. “Call for Entries to the National Competition on Storybook Writing.” Last modified August
15, 2017. [Link]/publications.

Department of Education. “Call for Entries to the National Competition on Storybook Writing” Accessed August 15,
2017. [Link]/publications.

Blog Entry
Title of Blog Site. Date of Posting. URL Address.

Fruza, Evelyn C., Ph. D.. The Clumsy Ninja Travelogue, January 7, 2011, [Link]/
clumsytravels/bohol.

Photographs and Images

Last Name, First Name Middle Initial. “Title of Image.” Title of Blog, Date of Posting, URL Address.

Bañares, Dinnah A., “More than a Thousand Choices of Chocolate.” The Clumsy Ninja Travelogue. January 7, 2011.
[Link]/clumsytravels/bohol.

PHOTOGRAPH OR IMAGE

In Museum or Gallery
Last Name, First Name Middle Initial. Title of Image, Medium if appropriate. Size of work if appropriate, Date Created.
Collection Title. Museum/Institution, Location.

Ortiz, Lilibeth G.. The Immobile Batmobile. oil in canvas. March 2005. Child Superheroes. Big Bang Museum, Chile.

In Print
Last Name, First Name Middle Initial. Title of Image. Printed in Title of Print Material. Publishing City: Publisher, Date
Published.

Ortiz, Lilibeth G.. The Immobile Batmobile. Printed in Inspirations of Comicon. San Diego: Comic-con Prints, July
2007.
IN-TEXT CITATION AUTHOR-DATE

The Author-Date style of the Chicago Manual of Style is another way of referencing accepted by DepEd. However, this style
is used primarily in some subjects in the higher grade levels. It comes in the form of parenthetical citation where the last
name of the author, year of publication, and cited pages are highlighted in parenthesis.

It should be noted that a parenthetical citation of author-date style should be complemented with a References List at the
end of each chapter. The complete referencing guide is similar to the bibliographic entry in the Notes and Bibliography style.

In-text Citation:

The river is a part of the larger Puerto Princesa Underground River Natural Park Cordova 2014, 34, which is included
in the list of UNESCO World Heritage Sites. Also, the underground river reaches international fame as the second
verified winner in the New Seven Wonders of Nature global poll. It won because of the uniqueness of its formation and
because of its rich mountain-to-sea ecosystem.

Reference List entry:

Ortiz, Lilibeth G.. 2014. Seven Natural Wonders of the Philippines. Marikina: Maley Publishing, 2014.

BOOKS

With One Author

In text
Last Name Year of Publication, pages cited

Magno 2017, 213

Reference
Last Name, First Name Middle Initial. Year of Publication. Title of Book. Publishing City: Publishing.

Alda, Jom C. 2017. Philippine Basic Education Learning Resources Standards. Pasig City: Clocks Publishing.

With Two Authors

In text
Last Name and Last Name Year of Publication, pages cited

Magno and Labad 2017, 213

Reference
Last Name, First Name Middle Initial and First Name Middle Initial Last Name. Year of Publication. Title of Book. Publishing
City: Publishing.

Magno, Maripaz F. and Rone Ray M. Portacion. 2017. Philippine Publishing Handbook. Mandaluyong City: Violet
Hills, Inc.

With Three Authors

In text
Last Name, Last Name and Last Name Year of Publication, pages cited

Bañares, Catud and Rovillos 2017, 7

Reference
Last Name, First Name Middle Initial, First Name Middle Initial Last Name and First Name Middle Initial Last Name. Year of
Publication. Title of Book. Publishing City: Publishing.

Alda, Jom C., Rone Ray M. Portacion and Evelyn C. Labad. 2016. Materials in Special Interest Programs. Bacoor,
Cavite: Technicolor Publications.

With Four and More Authors

In text
Last Name of first author et al. Year of Publication, pages cited

Alda et al. 2017, 7

Reference
Last Name, First Name Middle Initial, First Name Middle Initial Last Name, First Name Middle Initial Last Name and First
Name Middle Initial Last Name. Year of Publication. Title of Book. Publishing City: Publishing.

Rovillos, Renata G., Rone Ray M. Portacion, Maripaz F. Magno and Evelyn C. Labad. 2016. Materials in Special
Interest Programs. Bacoor, Cavite: Technicolor Publications.

With Editor Rather than Author

In text
Last Name Year of Publication, pages cited

Catud 2017, 455-456

Reference
Last Name, First Name Middle Initial, ed.. Year of Publication. Title of Book. Publishing City: Publishing.

Bañares, Dinnah A., ed. 2016. Materials in Special Interest Programs. Bacoor, Cavite: Technicolor Publications.

Translated Books
In text
Last Name Year of Publication, pages cited

Magno 2017, 455-456

Reference
Last Name, First Name Middle Initial, Year of Publication. Title of Book. Translated by First Name Middle Initial Last Name.
Publishing City: Publishing.

Alda, Jom C. 2016. Materials in Special Interest Programs. Translated by Rone Ray M. Portacion. Bacoor, Cavite:
Technicolor Publications.

Note: The difference between the arrangement of Bibliography and Reference List is the Year of Publication. Bibliographic
entries list the publication date at the end, while Reference List includes such before the title of the book.
 The References List should be placed at the end of each Unit of the learning resource. Use the following style:

1. Start References List on a new page, regardless of how small the previous page occupies the page prior.
2. Type the word References at the top, centered on line.
3. Set first line of the reference at left margin, indent all lines underneath in hanging indentation format.
4. Alphabetize by the author’s last name.
5. References by the same author should be arranged chronologically with the earliest work first.
6. A one-author work should be placed before a multi-author work that begins with the same author.
7. References by the same author or multi-authors in the same order should be alphabetized by title.
8. Use a “3-em dash” in place of repeated author’s name.
9. Works with no authors should be alphabetized by title, with the title in the author position.
10. Use Anonymous as an author only if the work is signed anonymously.
11. Alphabetize a group or organization name as author by the first significant word.

REFERENCING FOR ACADEMIC WRITING SUBJECTS

While the BLR Stylebook generally follows the Chicago Manual of Style in its referencing needs, there are cases where
other styles come into play. Academic writing subjects, such as Practical Research, Work Immersion reports, and other
academic papers, follow the American Psychological Association APA Publication Manual 6th Edition. APA citation style
uses the combo of in-text citation and reference list, instead of notes and bibliography.

APA Manual is characterized by the parenthetical citation with only the author and date of publication as elements. The
reference list lists down the facts of publication with the Year of Publication written in parentheses and immediately follows
the author.

APA Publication Manual

In-Text Citation
Style 1: Last Name, Year of Publication
Style 2: running text Name of Author Year of Publication

Style 1: Magno, 2015

Style 2: Writer’s connoisseurship as described by Magno 2015 follows…

Reference List
Author Last name, Initial of First Name. Year of Publication. Title of book. Publisher City: Publisher.
Author Last Name, Initial of First Name. Year of Publication. Title of article. Journal Title, Volume, page range.

Magno, M. 2015. The connoisseurship theory and application to judging entries. Manila: Artista Prints.
Bañares, D., & Rovillos, R. Feudalism in the pre-colonial Katagalugan and surrounding areas. Socio
Researches, 8, 134-137.

Note: The ampersand & is used to separate authors who are identified by the last name and initial of first name, always.

While APA style is an option in subjects requiring academic writing, a workaround can be done using running text citation.
This method introduces every author, book, and concept by describing or defining them. An illustrative sample is written in
the next page.

Doing Research using IMRD Format

Doing research is one of the major tasks that you as Senior High School students will accomplish in most of your subjects. It is
one of the options for a requirement whereby you will demonstrate your competence in the actual conduct of research—from
conceptualization stage to data collection, interpretation, and analysis to the preparation of the research output. The latter stage requires
the research paper, which gives you the venue to exhibit your competence in writing.
In the example, instead of using parenthetical citation in the second paragraph, example Paguio, 2017, the author and the
source are introduced in running. Doing so also saves students their time to flip over the books and find for details about the
author and the source.

The sample work cited must follow the APA style, although the discussion does not. Also, since the sample research
presented is a third-party material, it is but fitting to use a source note, this time following CMoS.

RUNNING TEXT
Text in the form of sentences or paragraphs as distinguished from captions, titles, list, etc. In the Running Text, the author’s name and
title of the book are noted so that the reader can identify the source and find the information in the alphabetical reference list. This type of
referencing is applicable for Key stages K to 3 and Grade 4 to Grade 6.

For styling purposes, Running Text should be italicized and be part of the content. Following the DepEd LR standards.

Example:

Key Stage: K to 3
BOOKS

With One Author

First Name Middle Initial Last Name, simple description about the author, Title of Book.

Source: Jom C. Alda, Copyright expert. Writings of the Children of Lam-ang.

With Two Authors

First Name Middle Initial Last Name and First Name Middle Initial Last Name, simple description about the author, Title of
Book.

Source: Jom C. Alda and Rone Ray M. Portacion, Curriculum Writers Dialogues, Atop the Cinnamon Tree.

With Three Authors

First Name Middle Initial Last Name, First Name Middle Initial Last Name, and First Name Middle Initial Last Name, Title of
Book.

Source: Herminio Jose C. Catud, Dinnah A. Bañares, and Renata G. Rovillos, LR Education Program Supervisors,
Mathematics Grade 2.

Key Stage: 4 to 6
BOOKS

With One Author

First Name Middle Initial Last Name, Title of Book, Whichever is relevant.

Source: Jom C. Alda, Writings of the Children of Lam-ang.

With Two Authors

First Name Middle Initial Last Name and First Name Middle Initial Last Name, Title of Book.

Source: Jom C. Alda and Rone Ray M. Portacion, Dialogues, Atop the Cinnamon Tree.

With Three Authors

First Name Middle Initial Last Name, First Name Middle Initial Last Name, and First Name Middle Initial Last Name, Title of
Book.

Source: Herminio Jose C. Catud, Dinnah A. Bañares, and Renata G. Rovillos, Mathematics Grade 2.

ARTICLES
First Name Middle Initial Last Name. Title of Article, Volume, Month and Year of Publication

Article in a print journal

First Name Middle Initial Last Name, Title of Article, Name of Journal Volume, Month and Year of Publication.

Source: Jom C. Alda, Ivatan Mythology Amidst Changes, Northern Chronicles, November 2017.

Article in a Newspaper or Popular Magazine

First Name Middle Initial Last Name, Title of Article, Name of Magazine, Date/Month/Year of Publication, Page Number.

Source: Rone Ray M. Portacion, Academic Honesty in the Basic Education, Green Torch, January 16, 2016, E-45.

Book Review
First Name Middle Initial Last Name, Title of Review, review of Title of Book, by Author, Name of Magazine,
Date/Month/Year of Publication.

Source: Jom C. Alda, Framing the Filipino Family, review of Sociological Foundation of Oriental Culture, by
Raymund L. Santiago, Sunday Magazine, May 7, 2003.

ELECTONIC RESOURCES

Uniform resource locators (URL) and digital object identifiers DOI are two locating addresses on computer networks and
databases. Either of these two is important in citing references, with the purpose to lead readers to the original source through
web links. However, it is not enough to provide the URL alone, as the web link might expire or the source might have moved
to a different URL. It is still recommended to cite the full facts of publication.

Note: If a URL or DOI has to be broken at the end of a line, the break should be made after a colon (:):) or double
forward slash //; before a slash /, a tilde ~, a period, a comma, a hyphen, an underline _, a question mark, a number sign, a
percent symbol; or before or after an equals sign or an ampersand.

Books Published Electronically

First Name Middle Initial Last Name, Title of Book, Publisher City: Publisher, Date/Month/Year of Publication, electronic
version. include URL if consulted online.

Source: Teresita E. Helgason, Ed. D., Writings of the Children of Lam-ang, Marikina: Brains Pub, November 28,
2017, Kindle version.

Source: Herminio Jose C. Catud, Writings of the Children of Lam-ang, Marikina: Brains Pub, November 28, 2017,
http:// [Link]/ilocandia/writings.

Journal Article in an Online Journal

First Name Middle Initial Last Name, Title of Article, Name of Journal Volume Date/Month/Year of Publication, page number,
accessed Access Date, doi:DOI number OR URL address
 Source: Dinnah A. Bañares. and Jom C. Alda, The Lady of Magat River, Ilocandia Myth Researches 115 November
27, 2017, 46-48, accessed November 28, 2017, doi:10.1037/rmh000007

Source: Renata G. Rovillos and Jom C. Alda, The Lady of Magat River, Ilocandia Myth Researches 115 November
27, 2017, 46-48, accessed November 28, 2017, [Link]

Website
Title of Material, Name of Website Owner, last modified Date/Month/Year of Modification OR accessed Date/Month/Year of
Access, URL Address.

Source: Call for Entries to the National Competition on Storybook Writing, Department of Education, last modified
August 15, 2017, [Link]/publications.

Source: Call for Entries to the National Competition on Storybook Writing, Department of Education, accessed
August 15, 2017, [Link]/publications.

Blog Entry
First Name Middle Initial Last Name, Title of Blog Entry, Title of Blog, Date / Month / Year of Posting, URL Address.

Source: Teresita E. Helgason, Ed. D.,“More than a Thousand Choices of Chocolate, The Clumsy Ninja Travelogue,
November 28, 2017, [Link]/clumsytravels/bohol.

Photographs and Images

First Name Middle Initial Last Name, Title of Image, Title of Blog, Date/Month/Year of Posting, URL Address.

Source: Renata G. Rovillos, More than a Thousand Choices of Chocolate, The Clumsy Ninja Travelogue, November
28, 2017, [Link]/clumsytravels/bohol.

PHOTOGRAPH OR IMAGE

In Museum or Gallery
First Name Middle Initial Last Name, Title of Image, Medium if appropriate, Size of work if appropriate, Date/Month/Year
Created, Collection Title, Museum/Institution, Location.

Source: Rone Ray M. Portacion, The Immobile Batmobile, oil in canvas, November 28, 2017, Child Superheroes,
Big Bang Museum, Chile.

In Print
First Name Middle Initial Last Name, Title of Image, in Title of Print Material, Publishing City, Publisher, Date/Month/Year
Published.

Source: Herminio Jose C, Catud, The Immobile Batmobile, in Inspirations of Comicon, San Diego: Comic-con Prints,
November 28, 2017.

Free Royalty Images from the Internet

First Name Middle Initial Last Name, Title of Image, Free Royalty. Source.

Jom Alda, Alligators, Free Royalty. [Link].

Creative Commons Images

Name of Creator, Title of Image, URL Address. Copyright information.
 Dinnah A. Bañares, Free Thinking Athlete, [Link]/stopper. Creative Commons Attribution-
NonCommercial-ShareAlike 3.0 Generic.

Note: A photo is licensed under Creative Commons if a CC logo is located in its source line. Write down the exact license
information of the image, as there are a number of licenses with varying degree of restrictions.

ACKNOWLEDGMENT

The Acknowledgment Page is also one of the book parts where the writers mention their inspirations in the creation of the learning
resource. This is where they list down the references and authors who contributed in molding the current book, without specifying the
materials or titles of the work.

Suggested guidelines in writing an acknowledgment.

1. One page in length
2. Simple and not too wordy
3. Thank all those who have helped in accomplishing the material
4. Express appreciation in a concise manner
5. Give credits where credit is most definitely due – to the people who helped you make your book possible