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PMMC Instrument Overview and Applications

The document discusses the Permanent Magnet Moving Coil (PMMC) instrument, which is the most accurate type for DC measurement. It operates based on the principle that a current-carrying conductor experiences a mechanical force when placed in a magnetic field. The PMMC instrument contains a moving coil wound with copper wire that is mounted on a pivot and free to move in the magnetic field of a permanent magnet. It also includes a core that provides a low reluctance flux path to increase the deflecting torque, and hair springs that provide the control torque and act as the current carrier for the moving coil. PMMC instruments can be used to measure both current and voltage.

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256 views12 pages

PMMC Instrument Overview and Applications

The document discusses the Permanent Magnet Moving Coil (PMMC) instrument, which is the most accurate type for DC measurement. It operates based on the principle that a current-carrying conductor experiences a mechanical force when placed in a magnetic field. The PMMC instrument contains a moving coil wound with copper wire that is mounted on a pivot and free to move in the magnetic field of a permanent magnet. It also includes a core that provides a low reluctance flux path to increase the deflecting torque, and hair springs that provide the control torque and act as the current carrier for the moving coil. PMMC instruments can be used to measure both current and voltage.

Uploaded by

kssrao13
Copyright
© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

SNS COLLEGE OF TECHNOLOGY

(An Autonomous Institution)


Coimbatore-35

PMMC Instruments
By
Mr. K Samba Siva Rao, AP/EIE
01-10-2019 Unit 1 BEEE K. Samba Siva Rao, AP/EIE 1
PMMC Instrument
• Permanent Magnet Moving Coil (PMMC)
instrument is the most accurate type for D.C
measurement
Principle
• When a current carrying conductor is placed in a
magnetic field, a mechanical force is experienced on
the conductor, which tends to move the conductor
in a direction given by Fleming’s left hand rule

01-10-2019 Unit 1 BEEE K. Samba Siva Rao, AP/EIE 2


Construction

01-10-2019 Unit 1 BEEE K. Samba Siva Rao, AP/EIE 3


Moving Coil
• The moving coil is wound with many turns of enameled
or silk covered copper wire
• The coil is mounted on a rectangular aluminum former
which is pivoted on jewel bearings
• The coil moves freely in the field of a permanent
magnet
• For voltmeter, the coils also provides the required
electro-magnetic damping
• For ammeter, coils are wound on non-magnetic formers
because coil turns are effectively shorted by the
ammeter shunt

01-10-2019 Unit 1 BEEE K. Samba Siva Rao, AP/EIE 4


Magnet System
• Old systems consisted of long U shaped permanent
magnets having soft iron pole pieces
• Due to development of materials such as Alnico and
Alcomax, these are replaced by smaller magnets.
• The flux densities used in PMMC instruments vary from
0.1 wb/m2 to 1 wb/m2
• Concentric magnetic construction is employed to
obtain larger movement of pointer and long angular
swing of coil
• To protect the system from external magnetic fields,
core magnetic construction is used, where the magnet
itself acts as core

01-10-2019 Unit 1 BEEE K. Samba Siva Rao, AP/EIE 5


Core
• The iron core is used to provide a flux path of low
reluctance and hence provides a strong magnetic field
for the coil to move in
• This increases the deflecting torque
Control:
• The control torque is provided by two phosphor bronze
hair springs. These springs also act as current carrying
element to the moving coil
Damping:
• Damping torque is provided by movement of the
Aluminum former in the magnetic field of the
permanent magnet

01-10-2019 Unit 1 BEEE K. Samba Siva Rao, AP/EIE 6


Pointer & Scale
• The pointer is carried by spindle and moves over a
graduated scale
• The pointer is of lightweight construction, and is
often twisted to form a fine blade. This helps to
reduce the parallax errors in the reading.

01-10-2019 Unit 1 BEEE K. Samba Siva Rao, AP/EIE 7


Torque Equation

01-10-2019 Unit 1 BEEE K. Samba Siva Rao, AP/EIE 8


PMMC Ammeter

01-10-2019 Unit 1 BEEE K. Samba Siva Rao, AP/EIE 9


PMMC Voltmeter

01-10-2019 Unit 1 BEEE K. Samba Siva Rao, AP/EIE 10


Advantages of PMMC instruments
• Uniform scale
• Low power consumption (25 – 200µW)
• No hysteresis loss
• High torque – weight ratio resulting in high accuracy
• Can be used for both current and voltage
measurements by use of shunts and multipliers
• Not affected by stray magnetic fields as the radial field
is used
• Due to self – shielding property of core magnets, these
can be used for air-craft and aerospace applications
that require mounting of meters in close proximity.
01-10-2019 Unit 1 BEEE K. Samba Siva Rao, AP/EIE 11
Disadvantages of PMMC instruments
• Can be used for D.C measurements only
• Costly compared to moving iron instruments
• Affected by friction and temperature errors
• Affected by ageing of magnets and springs

01-10-2019 Unit 1 BEEE K. Samba Siva Rao, AP/EIE 12

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