Outlines of Tests and Courses of Reading BA/B Sc Pass Course 1

Geography
B.A./[Link].: Elective and Optional

Part-I
Outlines of Tests

Paper Title of Course Marks

A: Physical Geography 70
C: Map Work (Practical-I) 30
i. Written Paper 15
ii. Viva Voce 05
iii. Record 10

Total Marks 100

Syllabi and Courses of Reading

PAPER-I: PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY

Objective:
To create understanding of Physical environment.
Contents:
1. The Earth and its Origin:
The universe: the solar system, Earth’s origin, shape and size, rotation
and revolution, composition and structure.
2. Atmosphere:
Composition and structure of atmosphere, temperature and pressure, winds and
their global circulation, air masses and fronts (classification, distribution and
associated weather), cyclone and weather disturbances. Hydrological cycle,
atmospheric moisture and precipitation, climate classifications: Koppen’s
classification with special reference to the following types: Af, Am, Bsh. Csa and
DF. Atmospheric pollution.
3. Lithosphere:
Internal structure of the Earth. Rocks origin , formation and types
(igneous, sedimentary and metamorphic) plate tectonics , mountains building,
geomorphic processes internal and external, earth quakes, volcanic activity,
weathering, mass wasting, landforms produced by surface water, ground water,
winds and glaciers.
2. Hydrosphere:
Configuration of ocean floor, deposits, composition, temperature and salinity
of oceanic water, movement of the oceanic water, waves,currents and tides.
3. Biosphere:
Origin and evaluation of life on Earth (with reference to Geological time scale).
Formation and types of soils, Forest Biome. (Major forest types)
TRANSMISSION OF CONTENTS
Lecturers to be supplemented by Audio- visual aids:
7. Maps and Models
8. Slides, films strips and transparencies
9. Rocks, minerals and soil specimen
10. Magazines and journals
11. Photographs
12. 6. CDs
Books Recommended:
10. Strahler.A.N and Strahler.A.N, A, H (2000) Physical environment , New York,
John Wiley.

GC University, Faisalabad
 Outlines of Tests and Courses of Reading BA/B Sc Pass Course 2
11. Chirtopherson ,R.W (2000) Geo system USA Prentice Hall,Inc
12. Well & Well and N (1998) Atmospheric and ocean , London Longman
13. Monhouse FJ (1996) Principles of Physical Geography, London Holder &
Stoughton

14. Rathor, A H (1996) Tabi Geographia ,Islamabad Muqtadra Quami Zaban

15. D Blij ,H J & Muler PO (1996) physical Geography of the global environment
,USA John Wiley &Sons Inc.
16. Tailor, J : (1993) Integral physical Geography, London Longman
17. Melveen J.F.R (1989) Fundamentals of weather and climate Longman London
Chapman & Hall
18. Small ,R.J Geomorphology and Hydrology London Longman
19. Strahler.A.N (2002) Introduction to Physical Geography , New Yrok John Wiley
20. Akram.I (2004) University Physical Geography, Lahore Ilmi Kitab Khana.

Practical Part-I
MAP WORK (PRACTICAL-I) 30 Marks
Detail of practical
i. Written Paper 15
ii. Viva Voce 05
iii. Record 10
i) Introduction to Map
Definition, types and use of maps
ii) Scale
Plain, Diagonal, Conventional signs and contours of various land forms
Weather maps, Beauport scale, weather forecasting
Aerial photography and remote sensing
3. Collection, Tabulation and Presenting of Data:
Sample, quantitative techniques and their use in Geography. methods of data
collection, study of frequency distribution. Average (mean, mode and median) . Mean
deviation and standard deviation. Statistical diagrams and distribution maps.
4. Map Projections:
General principles , classification, choice of projections, merits and demerits,
construction of graticules by simple graphic methods of the following projections.
i. Cylindrical Projections: Simple , Equal Area and Mercators projections
ii. Conical Projections:One and two standard parallel and Bonne’s
projections
iii. Zenithal Projections:Gnonomoic, Stereographic and Orthographic
Projections (polar case)

GC University, Faisalabad
 Outlines of Tests and Courses of Reading BA/B Sc Pass Course 3

Geography
B.A./[Link].: Elective
Part-II
Outlines of Tests

Paper Title of Course Marks

A: Human and Regional Geography 70
C: Surveying and field report (Practical-II) 30
i. Field Survey 10
ii. Field Report 10
iii. Viva Voce 05
iv. Record 05
Total Marks 100

PAPER-II: HUMAN AND REGIONAL GEOGRAPHY

Objective:
To develop the skills of analytical study of Man- Environment interaction.
Section I HUMAN GEOGRAPHY
1. Man environment interaction
Environment determinism, possibilism and perception
2. Population
Growth and natural increase, composition (age and sex structure)
population change, migration and distribution.
3. Human Settlements
Location, forms and function of urban and rural settlements, central place
theory
4. Economic Activity
Location, characteristics of primary, secondary, tertiary and quaternary
activities
5. Environmental Problems
Ecosystem and environmental degradation
Section II REGIONAL GEOGRAPHY
Study of South Asia with special reference to Pakistan.
Under the following headings:
Resources base (Physical, Human, Economic) Transport, trade and Geo Political
importance.
Books Recommended:
i) De Blij HJ & Miller (2000) Geography Realms, Regions and Concepts
New York, John Wiley.
ii) De Blij HJ & Miller (2000) Human Geography Culture, society and space New
York, John Wiley.
iii) Kuby, M. Human Geography in action, New York, John Wiley.
iv) Khan F.K An introduction to Economic Geography Karachi Saleem publishing
house
v) Brendonk RW (1982) Agriculture change in South Asia London John Murry
vi) Khan FK (2002) Pakistan, Geography, Economy and People Karachi
vii) Sethi H N (2005) Environment of Pakistan Peak publication & Co Karachi
viii) Abbasi ,B,A (2008),A Regional Studies of South Asia Sang-e-Meel
Publications ,Lahore.

GC University, Faisalabad
 Outlines of Tests and Courses of Reading BA/B Sc Pass Course 4

Practical Part-II
Surveying and field report (Practical-II) 30 Marks
1. Instrumental Surveying (10)
Making plans with the help of chain, plane table and prismatic compass
2. Field Report: (10)

Based on the study of Geographical aspects of a selected area /activity (a field

may trip may be arranged to prepare this report)
3.. Viva Vice: (05)
4. Record (05)
Books Recommended:
1. Maling D.H (1989) Measurements fro maps, oxford pergamon press
2. Briggs K. (1989) Practical Geography, London, Hodder and
Stchghton
3. Khan J.A. (1993) Weather Maps interpretation of Pakistan Karachi,
University of Karachi
4. Dent, B.D (1993) Elements of plane surveying, New York, Mc Graw
Hill
5. Avery, Te & Berlin, GL ( 1991) Fundamentals of Remote sensing
and Air Photo Interpretation New York Macmillaian
6. Miller, V.C. & Wsterback M.E (1997) An interpretation of
Topographical Maps, Ohio Merrill publishing Co.
7. Robinson, A.N.(1999) Elements of Cartography, New York, John
Willey
8. Burt ,E.T (1996) Elements of statistics for Geographers, New York
Lawarence Elbtine
9. Campbell, J(1990)Introduction to cartography, Oxford, W.C.B
10. Ahmad ,K. S. (1973) Map Projections, Lahore, Oxford WCB
11. Leon A & Leon ,M (1999) Introduction to Computer Techniques
Chennai Leon Tech worlds
12. Den, B. D. (1993) Cartography ,Thematic Maps Design Oxford WCB
13. Saeed, Q. (2002) Map Projections, Publishers United (PVT) LTD
176-
Anarkali ,Lahore.

GC University, Faisalabad
 Outlines of Tests and Courses of Reading BA/B Sc Pass Course 5

GEOGRAPHY : OPTIONAL
Outlines of Tests

Paper Title of Course Marks

Opt General Geography of Pakistan 100

Syllabi and Courses of Reading

General Geography of Pakistan under the following heads:-

(i) Relief.
(ii) Climate.
(iii) Natural Vegetation.
(iv) Irrigation.
(v) Agriculture.
(vi) Minerals.
(vii) Power Resources.

Recommended Books:

1. Kazi, S. A, A Geography of Pakistan, Oxford University Press, Karachi.

2. Qureshi, K.U. (2003) A Geography of Pakistan, Lahore, Natural Book
Sirvice
3. Shams, F.A.(2002) Land of Pakistan, Lahore, Kitabistan Publishing
Company

GC University, Faisalabad