SECURITIZATION
Securitization is the procedure whereby an issuer designs
a financial instrument by merging various financial assets and then
markets tiers of the repackaged instruments to investors. This
process can encompass any type of financial asset and
promotes liquidity in the marketplace.
The process of securitization creates liquidity by enabling smaller
investors to purchase shares in a larger asset pool. It can involve
the pooling of contractual debts such as auto loans and credit card
debt obligations, or any assets that generate receivables.
MORTGAGE BACKED SECUIRTY
Mortgage-backed securities are a perfect example of securitization.
By combining mortgages into one large pool, the issuer can divide
the pool into smaller pieces based on each mortgage's inherent
risk of default and then sell those smaller pieces to investors.
With a mortgage-backed security, individual retail investors can
purchase portions of a mortgage as a type of bond. Without the
securitization of mortgages, retail investors may not be able to
afford to buy into a large pool of mortgages
ASSET BACKED SECURITY
An asset-backed security (ABS) is a securitywhose income payments and hence
value are derived from and collateralized (or "backed") by a specified pool of
underlying assets. The pool ofassets is typically a group of small and
illiquid assetswhich are unable to be sold individuall
CREDIT DEFAULT SWAP
A financial contract whereby a buyer of corporate or sovereign debt in the form of A
credit default swap is a financial swap agreement that the seller of the CDS will
compensate the buyer in the event of a debt default or other credit event. That is, the
seller of the CDS insures the buyer against some reference asset defaulting
MINORITY INTEREST
In accounting, minority interest (or non-controllinginterest) is the portion of a
subsidiary corporation's stock that is not owned by the parent corporation.
What is the 'Enterprise Value (EV)'
The Enterprise Value, or EV for short, is a measure of a company's
total value, often used as a more comprehensive alternative to
equity market capitalization. Enterprise value is calculated as the
market capitalization plus debt, minority interest and preferred
shares, minus total cash and cash equivalents.
EV = market value of common stock + market value of preferred
equity + market value of debt + minority interest - cash and
investments.
Budgeting is a process. This means budgeting is a number of activities
performed in order to prepare a budget. A budget is a quantitative plan used
as a tool for deciding which activities will be chosen for a future time period.
Budgeting and financial forecasting are tools that companies use
to establish a plan of where management wants to take the
company and whether it's heading in the right direction.
Although financial forecasting and budgeting are often used
together, there are distinct differences between the two.
Budgeting quantifies the expectation of revenues that a business
wants to achieve for a future period, whereas financial forecasting
estimates the number of revenues that will be achieved. In other
words, budgeting lays out the plan for where management wants to
take the company, whereas financial forecasting shows whether the
company's headed in the right direction.
Budgeting
A budget is an outline of expectations for what a company wants to
achieve for a particular period, usually one year. Some of the
characteristics of budgeting include:
Estimates of revenues and expenses for the year
Expected cash flows
Expected debt reduction
A budget is compared to actual results to calculate the
variances between the two
Budgeting represents a company's financial position, cash flows and
goals. A company's budget is usually re-evaluated periodically,
usually once per fiscal year, depending on how management wants
to update the information. Budgeting creates a baseline to compare
actual results to determine how the results vary from the expected
performance.
Most budgets are done for an entire year, but that's not a hard-and-
fast rule. For some companies, management may need to be flexible
and allow the budget to be adjusted throughout the year as business
conditions change.
Forecasting
Financial forecasting estimates a company's future financial
outcomes by examining historical data. Financial forecasting allows
management teams to anticipate results based on previous
financial data. Financial forecasting characteristics include:
Companies use financial forecasting to determine how they
should allocate their budgets for a future period. Unlike
budgeting, financial forecasting does not analyze
the variance between financial forecasts and actual
performance.
Financial forecasts are regularly updated, perhaps monthly or
quarterly, when there's a change in operations, inventory,
and business plan.
Forecasts can be both short-term and long-term. For example,
a company might have quarterly forecasts for revenue. Also, if
a customer is lost to the competition, revenue forecasts might
need to be updated.
A management team can use financial forecasting and take
immediate action based on the forecasted data.
Budgeting quantifies the expectation of revenues that a business
wants to achieve for a future period, whereas financial forecasting
estimates the number of revenues that will be achieved. In other
words, budgeting lays out the plan for where management wants to
take the company, whereas financial forecasting shows whether the
company's headed in the right direction.
Budgeting
A budget is an outline of expectations for what a company wants to
achieve for a particular period, usually one year. Some of the
characteristics of budgeting include:
Estimates of revenues and expenses for the year
Expected cash flows
Expected debt reduction
A budget is compared to actual results to calculate the
variances between the two