Name. — AP Statisties: Hypothesis Review w Qts: 1-4 : Aresearcher wished to test the effect of the addition of extra calcium to yogurt on the “tastiness of yogurt. A collection of 200 adult volunteers wes randomly divided into two groups of 100 subjects each. Group 1 tasted the yogurt containing the extra calcium. Group 2 tasted yogurt From the same batch as group 1 but without the added calcium, Both groups rated the flavor ona scale of 1 to 10,1 being "very unpleasant" and 10 being "very pleasent." The mean rating for group 1 was, =[Link] a ‘standard deviation s, =1.5. The mean rating for group 2 was Z, = 7.0 with a standard deviation s, = 2.0. ‘Assume the two groups are independent. Let 1, and sz represent the mean ratings we would observe For the entire population represented by the volunteers if all members of this population tasted, respectively, he yogurt with and without the added calcium 1. Assuming two sample t procedures are safe to use, a 90% confidence interval for ji ~ iis (use the conservative value for the degrees of freedom). A)-054 25 8) -08 2.32 0-05 + 42 D)-05 = 50 = 2. Suppose the researcher had wished to test the hypotheses: He 1u= ye: Ho uz ‘The p-value for the testis (use conservative value for the degrees of freedom) A) p00 B)010>p>0.05 —)0.05>p>001 —dD)peOOl _—_—E none of these £23. Which of the following would lead us to belive that the t procedures were not safe to use. here? AA) The sample medians and means for the twe groups were slightly different, B) The distributions of the data were moderately skewed, (©) The data are integers between 1 and 10 and so cannot be nerinal D) Only the most severe departures from normality would lead us te believe the t procedures were not safe to use. ©) None of the above. 4, Tf we had used the caleuletor to approximate the degrees of freedom, what number would we have used for the degrees of freedom for the t procedures? A) 199 8) 198 ©) 184 b)99 E) none of these C-_5, Theheight (in inches) of males inthe US ar believed t be normaly dstibuted with mean u The averoge height of arondom sample of 25 American adlt males if found to be = 69.72 and s.7 48, The standard error of is: ”) A017 —8)069 «083204 none of these13, Mars in, makers of M&Ms candies, claims that they produce M&M with the following distribution: tion: frown 20% Red 20% Yell 20% =. Orange 10% ream 10% tle 10% Fed ame vsrenony seed fromthe rcery str helt nd he clr fom heey were {pling Sroun 16 fed th Yelow 9 a 25] Neb) Crewe 5 Green Fecal oa he martocres cin For he YEUONL tec sect tet. fn the pts es sep if the cam sre, Pe HUSSECPAN Gee tage? pur one, po n-p)7S 2 81620)946,875 Tops \prop tat 9p) 75-241 Ga)>1Z,225 1 oe (net) sind undo 2tut ee 5.08 Uae Based vv ure 7 TE Seapunel the wutihybothea Iie fe hig tines MSE Vane Ubud fydoa. PPO or $) We would reject H. at a = 05 but not at «= 025 0) We would reject He at « = 025 but not at «=.01 D) We would reject H, at a = OL ©) None of these C8, suppose we were not sure if the distribution of net weights was normal In whch ofthe following circumstances would we not be safe using at procedure inthis problem? ‘A) The mean and median of the data are nearly equal 8) A histogram of the data shows moderate skewness O)Astenplot ofthe date has a large outlier 1D) The sample standard deviation is large E\None of these SKGP 9. Tf the standard deviation for the distribution of actual net weights for bags of this brand is 9 0.25, the power of our test when 1 = 13.8 ounces is approximately: 4) 09761 9) 09300 c)2ti9 ——>).0007——Enene of these P10, what i the critical valu * which sotisfes the condition tht thet dstbution wth 8 degrees of freedom has probability 0.10 to the right of **? 41397 By1zee 0) 289 D)090 ——_E) none of theseA: 1, suppose e have two SRS from two detnet populations and the samples are independent. We messure the sane vrable for both samples. Suppose both populations of the values of these voriables are normally ditibuted but the means and standard devotions are unknown Fer purposes of comparing the tw nea, we tse |A) Two sample t procedure 8) Matched pairs t procedure) Z procedures D) The linear regression __E)None of the above. The answer is 12, Aesearcher investigating whether joggers are less likely to get colds than people who do not jog Found a p-value of 3%, this means that 0.3% of joggers get colds b, Joggers get 3% fewer colds than non-joggers LE & Theres. 3% chonce that joggers get fewer colds [= d. There's a3% chance that joggers don't get fewer colds None of these 13. An opinion pol asks @ random somple of edults whether they faver bantng ownership of handguns by private citizens, A commentator believes that nore than half of el adults favor ‘sucha ban, The null and alternative hypotheses you would use to test this elim are 0,H,:p=05;H,:6 #05 bs p=05: Hap > 05 cH: p =05H,:p #05 GHP =00:Hsp>00 — enmeotree should be “p" nok "A ee then choose bt Which of the fling ere true 1. Tests of significance (hypothesis teats) are designed to mesaure the strength of evidence ogra the nul hypothe, 1 A well planed fest of significance should result ina statement either that the nll Iypthezesis tre or thai is fas, Py 1 Thechterative petesis is on-sided if there is interest in devitons From the D rall hypothesis nely one circten [Link] It Lond IE eMondTir 4.7,11,ed TT e. None of the above gives the complete set of true responses, 15, Suppese that a conveyor used to sort packages by size does not work properly. We test the conveyor on several packages (with Hit incorrect sort) and our data results in a p-value of 0.016. What probably happens es @resut of our testing? Ho: Sort, Wron tig. sort right (_ & Wecorrect fall toretec He b. We correctly reject H, ¢. We reject H,, making «type error 4. We reject, making a type IE error €. We fail toreject H,, committing a type IT error15, A city council must decide whether to fund a new “welfare to work" program to assist long-time tunemployed people in Finding jobs. This program would help cients fill out job applications and give them advice about dealing with job interviews. A sixteen-month trial has just ended. At the start of this trial a number of unemployed residents were randomly divided into two Groups; one group went through the. tiglaand. the other group did not. Data about employment at the end of ths trial are shown inthe table Should the city couneil find this program? si. Progann Trott te guna Current Job status weet mores Raniom [pleted gov debe nese neste ny 30 gevboth, Not dist “pote upnbhumempl. inks | yay ae BH LOE Y0< cing ursengl, MIB)? hoe Clb lene HuLaa)2 ne 7S | 466-33) 6.295 | Bond mtedalek, ust stots 8) atu) aut SHC UD> 196] SH (4999 20.595) oer. ange Vnereuts ne ennai nee eonens, malades to rcizet nite hyp. Se we ; = | O&yconanery aktied a Age vieigeslucat mon regimens. One group con standard baby formula without any iron supplements. Here ae ite resus on Baad hemoglobin levels ar 12 months, Because the s values are very similar, itis reasonable to assume that the populations’ standard deviations are equal. ‘A. Ts there significant evidence that the mean hemoglobin level is higher amang breast-fed babies? State H, and H, and cary out « pooled two-sample t test. Quyan Dol n'21230, takes W] Comti ow read Got hypo! is ‘ aun Pn. 1 6) 3% |) AD aE a air ee in Spanish. ©For Qts. 17: The table below gives the pretest and posttest scores on the MLA listening test in ‘Spanish fer 20 high school Spanish teachers who attended an intensive summer course in Spanish. ‘Subject | Pretest | Posttest]| Subject | Pretest | Posttesty Subject | Pretest | Posttest 1 30) 29 8 5 | 8 | 34 | 32 2 | 28 | 30 g | ee [3 16 | 20 | 27 3 31] 32 wo | 20 | 2 | 7 | 26 | 28 4 | 26 [30 | 30 | 32 is [25 | 29 5 | 2 | 16 | 2 | 2 | 19 | 31 | 32 6 30 | 25 | 13 | a | 36 | zo | 29 | 32 7 | 4 | 3 4) 2 | 2 We hope to show that attending the institute improves listening sills, State the hypotheses. Be sure to label all variables. Check your data (show please®) and report on the validity of the test. 15. We hope to show tht attending the sitate iproes string sil. State the hypatheses Be ‘areelebelllanale. Chek your dete (Sew pleazeD) rt repart on he ay ofthe eh. N20 ,dapindint “pe Melee Du best Somer “> Seposr pm poeet LEAR Murti toe 76 weet v1, Abo | Has Monee 70 2 onde Bg eth wl eauhinw fae to0s ae hina te 1p - 0 3m 6 conyurejec Hot he BE siitince IPE 4.05 Ghanaaenel Ment da doedane, ie in 4.024 oe, ue ‘asic Ins el lisesi18, [A study investigated why some people don’t gain weight even when they overeat. Perhaps fidgeting and othcr “nonexercise activity” (NEA) explains why ~ some people may spontangously increase nonexercise activity shen fed more, Researchers deliberately averfed arandom sample of 16 healthy young adults for 8 weeks. “They measured fat gain (in kilograms) and chango in energy use (in calories) from activity other than deliberaw. cexereise fidgeting, daly living, and the lke ~ foreach subject. Here are the data andthe Minitab output from least-squares regression analysis for these data. TREX Change ay [S257 UY TES [Was [UST OS SSS | SOT aS [86 [535 | ST 0 [oma [OO Fat Gain cat) -[42130 [3.7 [27 132 [3s toa [us [3a [a7 [16 [22 V1.0 fos [23 TU Regression Analysts: Fat galn versus NEA change - Predicor Conf SE Coef T P Constant 3.5081 030351154 0.000 NEA Change -0.0034415 0.000781 4.64 0.000 $=0.739853 R-Sq= 60.6% R-Se(al) ~ 57.8% 4. An engineer designs an improved lightbulb. The previous design had an average lifetime of 1200 hours. The mean Ife ofa rendom sample of 2000 new bubs i Tound to have @ mean etme of 1201 hours. Although the dlerence from the old mean lft of 1200 hours s quite smal, te p-value fs.09 and the effects statistically significant at te.05 Tovel Ib fat there Iso ference between the mean bfeimes of te new and ol designs, the researcher has 'A) commited a type ear A.B) commited ype Neror ©) a probabilty of being corect tnt is equal to the p value 1D) ‘a probablly of being corect hats equal fo 1~ value 2.A media researchers working on @ new tenant for aca ype of canoer. The average sural ie afer Giagosis on the standard vestments wo years nan ry ta, she ies the new eetmenton tree subjects who have Sn averge sve tear dagnss of ur years. Alpough to sural be has doubled, he resus are not Sactcaly stant evan atthe 10 sean evel Suppose, inact that he ew teatment does creae the mean Scheer ptr wh th pared pu of cna. Th eearcher has ‘Aeamnited ype! sor 8) commie typ eer 6) incorrect used a ove! 10 tst when she should nave used 06 evel est , —Bhinoorecdy used lve 10 test when she shoud have computed the p value