Notes:
Topic: Compare the negative effects of monosodium glutamate (MSG)
and food colouring.
Background of Monosodium Glutamate (MSG) :
- Crystalline (Downs 2008)
- Enhances other flavours (Downs 2008) (Zeratsky 2015) (Minton
2009) (Culpepper 2017) (University Health News 2018) (Hurasova
and Ostatnikova 2013) (ThiThu et al. 2013)
- Imparts a savory taste (Downs 2008)
- Brain stimulant (University Health News 2018)
- Very commonly used compared to last time(Hurasova and
Ostatnikova 2013)
-
Definition and components of MSG:
- Monosodium glutamate (Minton 2009)
History of MSG:
- Originally extracted from seaweed in 1908 (University Health News
2018)
- Ancient Romans used garum as a condiment to season their
dishes (ThiThu et al. 2013)
Where is MSG found:
- Campbell Soups (Mercola 2010) (Zeratsky 2015) (Minton 2009)
(University Health News 2018)
- Salad dressing (Mercola 2010) (Minton 2009)
- Chips (Mercola 2010) (Minton 2009) (University Health News
2018)
- Frozen entrees (Mercola 2010) (Zeratsky 2015) (Minton 2009)
(University Health News 2018)
- Restaurant foods (Mercola 2010) (Minton 2009) (Culpepper 2017)
(University Health News 2018)
- Seasonings (Mercola 2010)
- Canned food (Zeratsky 2015) (Minton 2009) (Culpepper 2017)
- Processed foods (Minton 2009) (Culpepper 2017) (Hurasova and
Ostatnikova 2013)
Negative effects of MSG:
- Depression (Mercola 2010)
- Disorientation (Mercola 2010) (Hurasova and Ostatnikova 2013)
- Eye damage (Mercola 2010) (ThiThu et al. 2013)
- Fatigue (Mercola 2010) (Culpepper 2017)
- Headaches (Mercola 2010) (Zeratsky 2015) (Culpepper 2017)
(University Health News 2018) (Hurasova and Ostatnikova 2013)
- Obesity (Mercola 2010) (Minton 2009) (University Health News
2018) (Hurasova and Ostatnikova 2013) (ThiThu et al. 2013)
- Affects neurological pathways (Mercola 2010) (Minton 2009)
- Facial pressure (Zeratsky 2015) (Culpepper 2017)
- Numbness, tingling and burning (Zeratsky 2015) (Culpepper 2017)
(Hurasova and Ostatnikova 2013) (ThiThu et al. 2013)
- Rapid fluttering heartbeats (Zeratsky 2015) (Culpepper 2017)
(Hurasova and Ostatnikova 2013)
- Chest pain (Zeratsky 2015) (Culpepper 2017)
- Nausea (Zeratsky 2015) (Culpepper 2017)
- Weakness (Zeratsky 2015) (Culpepper 2017) (Hurasova and
Ostatnikova 2013)
- Brain damage (Minton 2009) (University Health News 2018)
(Hurasova and Ostatnikova 2013)
- Liver inflammation (Minton 2009) (University Health News 2018)
- Dysplasia (Minton 2009)
- Cancer (Minton 2009)
- Behavioural problems (Minton 2009)
- Asthma attacks (Culpepper 2017) (Hurasova and Ostatnikova
2013)
- Allergies (Culpepper 2017)
- High cholesterol (University Health News 2018)
- Diabetes (University Health News 2018)
- High blood pressure (University Health News 2018)
- Metabolic effects (Hurasova and Ostatnikova 2013)
- Hypertension (ThiThu et al. 2013)
- Sleep-disordered breathing (ThiThu et al. 2013)
-
Background information about food colouring:
- More common in modern diet (Stokes 2010) (Bell 2017)
- Certain colours causes specific side effects (Stokes 2010)
- Chemical dyes used to colour food and drinks (Downs 2018)
(Bollinger 2016) (Gomes et al. 2013)
- Children are the biggest consumers (Bell 2017) (Bollinger 2016)
(Yu 2016)
- Enhance appearance of food (Bell 2017) (Group 2014) (Bollinger
2016) (Yu 2016) (Kobylewski and Jacobson 2010) (El-Wahab and
Moram 2012) (Gomes et al. 2013)
- Comes in dyes and lakes (Yu 2016)
- Do not offer health or nutritional benefits (Yu 2016) (Gomes et al.
2013)
- Cheaper than natural food colourings (Kobylewski and Jacobson
2010) (El-Wahab and Moram 2012)
- Uniformity and stability (El-Wahab and Moram 2012)
- Controversial advance for the food industry (Gomes et al. 2013)
Components of Food colouring:
- Petroleum (Bell 2017) (Bollinger 2016) (Kobylewski and Jacobson
2010)
History of Food colouring:
- Created in 1856 from coal tar (Bell 2017) (Kobylewski and
Jacobson 2010)
- Natural colours used (Safefood 2013)
Where is food colouring found:
- Types of processed foods (Downs 2008) (Bell 2017) (Group 2014)
(Bollinger 2016) (Yu 2016)
- Beverages (Downs 2008) (Mercola 2010) (Bell 2017) (Bollinger
2016) (Yu 2016)
- Condiments (Downs 2008) (Mercola 2010)
- Candy (Mercola 2010) (Bell 2017) (Group 2014) (Bollinger 2016)
- Desserts (Bell 2017) (Bollinger 2016) (Yu 2016)
- Baked goods (Bollinger 2016) (Yu 2016)
- Cosmetics (Bollinger 2016)
Negative effects of food colouring:
- Causes increased hyperactivity in children (Downs 2008) (Stokes
2010) (Bell 2017) (Group 2014) (Bollinger 2016) (Yu 2016)
(Kobylewski and Jacobson 2010) (El-Wahab and Moram 2012)
- Worsen asthma symptoms (Downs 2008) (El-Wahab and Moram
2012)
- Cause cancer (Downs 2008) (Mercola 2010) (Bell 2017) (Group
2014) (Bollinger 2016) (Yu 2016) (Kobylewski and Jacobson 2010)
(El-Wahab and Moram 2012)
- Allergies (Stokes 2010) (Bell 2017) (Bollinger 2016) (Kobylewski
and Jacobson 2010)
- Irritability and aggressiveness (Stokes 2010) (Mercola 2010) (Bell
2017)
- Significant reduction in IQ (Mercola 2010) (El-Wahab and Moram
2012)
- Chromosomal damage (Mercola 2010)
- Interfere with brain-nerve transmission (Mercola 2010) (Bollinger
2016) (Yu 2016) (Kobylewski and Jacobson 2010)
- tumors (Mercola 2010) (Bell 2017) (Bollinger 2016) (Kobylewski
and Jacobson 2010) (El-Wahab and Moram 2012)
- Depression (Bell 2017)
- Insomnia (Bell 2017)
- ADHD (Group 2014)
- Estrogen enhancer (Group 2014)
- Organ failure (Bollinger 2016) (Yu 2016) (Kobylewski and
Jacobson 2010)
- Birth defects (Kobylewski and Jacobson 2010) (El-Wahab and
Moram 2012)
- Indigestion (El-Wahab and Moram 2012)
- Decrease in body weight (El-Wahab and Moram 2012)
- Mutagenic (Gomes et al. 2013)