With Credit to Mrs.

Ramierez
GUIDED READING-AMSCO CHAPTER 1-PLEASE COMPLETE IN INK AND PASTE INTO YOUR INTERACTIVE
NOTEBOOKES!

Name:__________Raven Harris__________________ Class Period:_3_ Due Date:_7_/_30__/18__

Guided Reading & Analysis: A New World

Chapter 1- A New World of Many Cultures, 1491-1607, pp 1-13
Purpose:
This guide is not only a place to record notes as you read, but also to provide a place and structure for
reflections and analysis using your noggin (thinking skills) with new knowledge gained from the
reading. This guide, if completed in its entirety BOP (Beginning of Period) by the due date, can be
used on the first quiz as well as earn up to 10 bonus points. The benefits of such activities, however,
go far beyond quiz help and bonus points.  Mastery of the course and AP exam await all who
choose to process the information as they read/receive. This is an optional assignment.
So… young Jedi… what is your choice? Do? Or do not? There is no try.
(Image Source: [Link])

Directions:
1. Pre-Read: Read the prompts/questions within this guide before you read the chapter.
2. Skim: Flip through the chapter and note titles and subtitles. Look at images and read captions. Get a feel for the content you are about to read.
3. Read/Analyze: Read the chapter. If you have your own copy of AMSCO, Highlight key events and people as you read. Remember, the goal is not to “fish” for a
specific answer(s) to reading guide questions, but to consider questions in order to critically understand what you read!
4. Write Write your notes and analysis in the spaces provided OR complete digitally on Canvas. If you are completing paper copy, complete it in INK!

Key Concepts FOR PERIOD 1:

Key Concept 1.1: As native populations migrated and settled across the vast expanse of North America over time, they developed
distinct and increasingly complex societies by adapting to and transforming their diverse environments.

Key Concept 1.2: Contact among Europeans, Native Americans, and Africans resulted in the Columbian Exchange and
significant social, cultural, and political changes on both sides of the Atlantic Ocean.

SECTION 1 - Period Perspectives, p.1

Consider the data in the chart at right as well as page 1 of
the text when completing this section.

1. Period 1 begins with 1491. If the American Indian population in

what is now the United States was nearly 10 million before 1492,
why is the United States population in modern times only 2 to 3%
American Indian?
During the Columbian Exchange distributed
germs to the Natives, many may have passed
away due to diseases. Also, Natives and Africans
were enslaved by Spanish and Portuguese
explorers for labor in agriculture and mining
precious metals, which could have caused
multiple deaths for the Native race.
2. Period 1 ends with the establishment of Jamestown, the first
permanent British settlement in North America. Explain why
1607 is a major turning point in United States history.

1607 is the year the permanent

settlement Jamestown was established in
Virginia, which is the beginning
framework of a new nation.
SECTION 2 Guided Reading, pp 2-13
As you read the chapter, jot down your notes in the middle column. Consider your notes to be elaborations on the Objectives and Main Ideas presented in the left
column. When you finish reading the section and taking notes, process and analyze what you read by answering the question in the right hand column. You do not
need to write in complete sentences.
3. Cultures pp 2-5

Key Concepts &

Main Ideas Notes Analysis
Cultures of Central and South America… In what ways did native peoples transform North
Before the arrival of -Had 3 highly developed civilizations American environment before European colonization?
Europeans, native -Mayas build remarkable cities in the Yucatan peninsula (list)
populations in North rainforest
America developed a -Aztecs formed a powerful empire after the downfall of the a. Evolved into Tribes
wide variety of social, Mayas
political, and economic -Aztec capital had population of 200,000 b. Adapted ton environments they were around
structures -Incas made a vast empire in South America
based in part on -Maize for Mayas and Aztecs, potatoes for Incas c. Practiced different cultures
interactions with the
Cultures of North America… d. Spoke different languages
environment and each
-Smaller and less sophisticated than South America
other.
-complex societies disappeared by 15th century
-lived in semi-permanent settlement groups of 300 Identify one key similarity and one key difference
As settlers migrated and -men made tools, women grew crops. between societies that developed in Central and South
settled across the vast America to those that developed in North America.
expanse of North America Language…
over time, they developed -English, Spanish and most European languages had 1 Similarity: Men hunted for food and women gathered food
quite different and language family and planted big crops, and maize was popular for all
increasingly complex -American Indian languages had more than 20 families societies in South America and North America.
societies by adapting to
and transforming their Southwest Settlements…
diverse environments. -Dry region Arizona societies had irrigation systems Difference: South American societies were mainly
-Europeans came and drought occurred along with hostile permanent in their area, while many North American
natives settlements were semi-permanent and moved to various
locations due to weather changes throughout the year.
Northwest Settlements…
-People lived in plank houses or longhouses
-Carved totem poles to save stories, legends and myths
Explain the significance of the difference between
Great Plains… Central /South America and North America.
-Either farmer or nomadic hunter, there’s no in between The significance of the differences is since Central/South
-Hunters lived in teepees, and farmers lived in lodges by America did not have issues with keeping civilizations
rivers blossoming and crops growing, they were capable of
-Acquired horses in the 17th century & went from farming to creating vast empires while dominating the areas they
hunting buffalo in fields acquired. Meanwhile in North America, societies were
-Tribes (Apaches) would migrate from Canada to Texas semi-permanent due to the fact that the civilians had
fought with the Natives that lived in that land first, which
Midwest Settlements… lead to many people dying in the societies that Europeans
-American Indians prospered with a rich food supply created. Since this happened, minimal styles of living such
-Famous for mounds 300ft long as hunting or becoming a farmer were available. As time
-Many permanent settlements developed in the Mississippi passed on and settlers moved west into dry and hot
Ohio River Valleys and elsewhere regions, they began migrating into Canada from Texas to
still thrive as a society. In New York, many lifestyles were
Northeast Settlements… combined to feed the many people (30,000) that lived in
-Culture combined hunting and farming but had to move settlements, but since the soil up north became exhausted
frequently because of bad soil due to techniques, people had to move fairly often to keep
-5 tribes lived in Mohawk Valley of New York their settlements flourishing.
-16th century the Iroquois were a powerful force when
battling American-Indians and Europeans

Atlantic Seaboard Settlements…

-People lived on the Coastal Plains
-Many were descendants of Woodland mound builders
-Atlantic ocean was a rich source of food
 4. Europe Moves Toward Exploration, pp 5-6
Key Concepts &
Main Ideas Notes Analysis

New technology, Improvements in technology… Identify the key difference between Viking voyages of the 12th century to
new knowledge, -Renaissance occurred in 15th and 16th that of Columbus in the 15th century.
and new goals centuries Viking Voyages did not have advanced technology to sail around the world
spurred European -Europeans made improvements in the accurately. Columbus had built better ships that were stronger and capable of
exploration. inventions of others longer voyages, and had accurate maps of the world which helped him sail
-Gun powder and sailing compass were used around the world with a better view of the geography.
-major improvements in mapmaking and
I. shipbuilding were made How did new technology enable Christopher Columbus to dominate
-printing press (1450’s) spread knowledge the “New World?”
around Europe Columbus had built better ships that were stronger and capable of longer
voyages, and had accurate maps of the world which helped him sail around the
Religious conflict… world with a better view of the geography.
-Roman Catholic Church dominated Western
Europe and were threatened by followers of
Islam What was the impact of the Catholic victory in Spain and the European
-8th Century Islamic invaders from North Africa Reformation on North America?
conquered most of Spain The impact of the victory in Spain gave the country new leadership as they
-Spanish Christians reconquered much of the conquered the last Moorish stronghold in Spain, the city of Granada. The
land back monarchs decided to fund Columbus on his first voyage that became historical.
-Spanish monarchs on his historic first
voyage.
-Columbus signaled new leadership who
followed the Roman Catholic faith.
-In early 1500’s certain Christians revolted the
against the authority of the pope in Rome
-Conflicts between Protestants and Catholics
led to religious wars.
-Caused people of the religions to want to
spread their versions of Christianity to those
in Africa, Asia and America

5. Expanding Trade, pp 6-7

Key Concepts &

Main Ideas Notes Analysis

Economic motives New Routes… List three main effects of Europe’s expanding
-Two routes to the Asian Trade were made trade in the 15th century.
drove exploration,
-Portuguese saw that going south then east was the shortest route
and “discovery” -Prince Henry opened up a long sea route around South Africa’s Cape a. Slaves became popular in trades
altered the of Good Hope
European, African, -Vasco De Gama was the first European to reach India via this route b. New sea routes were created
and America -Columbus took the long route at this point
c. Africans resisting slavery
economically, Slave Trading…
politically, and -People in Asia, Africa and Europe have been enslaved people
culturally. captured in wars. Which effect was most significant? Explain your
-15th century, Portuguese traded slaves from West Africa answer.
-Since they were profitable, Europeans used the slave system once Slavery was the most significant because once
they got to America Europeans saw that the Portuguese were profiting off
the slaves, Europeans decided to take the idea with
African Resistance… them to America and profit off of their work.
-Africans resisted slavery any way they could
-Slaves sabotaged work, ran away or revolted
-maintained culture by music, religion, and folkways

Developing Nation-States…
-Small kingdoms (Castile and Aragon) were uniting into large ones
-Huge multiethnic empires ( Holy Roman Empire) were breaking up
-Majority of people shared common culture and loyalty to government
-Monarchs depended on trade to justify their right to rule
-Used their power to spread Christianity
 6. Early Explorations, pp 7-10

Key Concepts &

Main Ideas Notes Analysis

European overseas Christopher Columbus… How did European expansion impact European
expansion resulted in -Spent 8 years looking for financial support society?
the Columbian -The monarchs of Spain sent 3 ships on his voyage Expansion impacted the society because it brought in
Exchange, a series of -Landed in Bahamas on Oct. 12. new foods such as beans, corn sweet and white
interactions and -Found little gold, few spices and no simple path to China or India potatoes, tomatoes and tobacco along with new plants
adaptations among they haven’t grown before.
Columbus’s Legacy…
societies across the
-Died in 1506
Atlantic.
-He’s viewed as a failure
-He didn’t find a trade route but he found a “New World”
J. The arrival of
-Went to land named for someone else
Europeans in the -Great navigation skills
Western Hemisphere -Changed the world forever
in the 15th and 16th How did European expansion impact Native
centuries triggered Exchanges… American society?
extensive -Columbian exchange happened with animals, plants, and germs European impacted Native American society because
demographic and -Europeans learned about beans, corns, white and sweet potatoes, they learned about new animals such as horses and
social changes on tomatoes, and tobacco pigs, they had the wheel introduced to them, but also
both sides of the -New diseases (Syphilis) had diseases introduced such as Smallpox and
Atlantic. -Europeans introduced sugar, pigs, horses, guns & the wheel Measles, which had a 90% morality rate on multiple
-Smallpox and measles was introduced to Natives tribes.
European expansion -Morality rate of 90%
into the Western
Hemisphere caused Dividing the Americas…
intense -Spain & Portugal first got territories in America
social/religious, -1493 pope drew a line called “Line of Demarcation”
political, and -Spain got land on the west, Portugal on the east
economic competition -European countries soon challenged the land Portugal and Spain had
in Europe and the
promotion of empire Spanish Exploration and Conquest…
building. -Spain got land from their conquistadors
-Ships were sent back to Spain with gold and silver from Mexico and Which of these consequences were the most
Peru significant? Explain your answer.
-increased Spain’s gold supply by 500% The most significant consequence was the germs
-Created a system called “encomienda” Indians worked in mines and spread to the tribes that traded with the Europeans.
farms and got care from Spain in return Because of the diseases spread around, it wiped out
-Spanish had to pay a tax to the king for every slave they brought to multiple tribes since the Natives did not have an
the Americas immunity to something they never had been exposed
to before.
English Claims…
-John Cabot, Italian sea captain who sailed under King Henry VII
-Henry VII broke with Roman Catholic Church
-Sir Francis Drake attacked Spanish ships for the silver and gold they
carried
-Sir Walter Raleigh established Roanoke but the venture failed

French Claims…
-France wanted to find a way to Asia through the Americas
-Slow to develop colonies
-During 1500’s France had internal conflicts with Roman Catholics and
French Protestants
-First permanent settlement was created by Samuel de Champlain

Dutch Claims…
-1600’s began exploring
-Hired Henry Hudson to seek passage to Asia through America
-Dutch West India Company, to control the region for economic gain
7. Spanish Settlements in North America, pp 10-11

Key Concepts &

Main Ideas Notes Analysis
What were three chief features of the Spanish empire in America?
European expansion Florida…
into the Western -Spain established a permanent settlement in a. Determined for the settlements they wanted
Hemisphere caused 1565 at St. Augustine
intense b. Conquering places that were close in proximity
social/religious,
New Mexico… c. They were strong enough to keep the settlement
political, and
economic -Santa Fe was established as the capitol in
competition in 1610 by Spain Identify one cause and one effect of Spanish settlement in North
Europe and the America.
promotion of empire Texas…
building. -Spanish established a settlement in between Cause: Spain becomes powerful and rich.
New Mexico and Florida

California… Effect: Can conquer a lot of land and create permanent

-Spanish established permanent settlements settlements.
at San Diego(1769)5 and San Francisco(1776)

8. European Treatment of Native Americans, pp 11-12

Key Concepts &

Main Ideas Notes Analysis

Contacts among Spanish Policy… Identify three major consequences of European

American Indians, -Spanish who settled in Mexico and Peru encountered Aztec contact with American Indians?
Africans, and and Inca empires
Europeans -Spanish made them work in their empires and they died a. Went to serfdom and not slavery
challenged the from forced labor
worldviews of each b. Indians were not treated like humans and the debate
-Spanish intermarried with slaves was not resolved
group. -Class system was created with pure Spaniards being at the
European overseas top c. Class system was created because Spaniards were
expansion and -Bartolome de Las Casas owned slaves but wanted them to intermarrying slaves
sustained contacts have better lives
with Africans and -Laws were put into place which ended Indian slavery and
American Indians put them into serfdom Which of these were the most significant? Explain
dramatically -Conservative Spaniards got some of the New Laws your answer.
altered European The most significant was the Debate about American
repealed
views of social, Indians because even though there was not a clear win for
-Debate for role of Indians in Spanish colonies was 1550- either side, basic arguments on the behalf of Indians were
political, and
1551 established.
economic
relationships -One side said they were human and it was completely
among and wrong to treat them in a harmful manner
between white and -One side argued they were less than human
nonwhite peoples -Neither side one the debate, but basic arguments on behalf
of Indians were established In what ways was English policy toward Native
Americans different from those of France and Spain?
English Policy…
Different from France in that…
-Empires were controlled as a workforce The English became violent with the Native Americans and
-Families came over, not just young men kicked them out of their original land
-Natives and Europeans traded in Mass.
-Peaceful relations turned into conflict and open warfare
-Natives were viewed as savages Different from Spain in that…
-English occupied land and forced the small tribes to move Families came over instead of single men, so
away from the coast intermarrying did not happen as often as it did with Spain.
 French Policy… How effective were Native Americans in overcoming
-The French maintained good relationships with the Native the negative aspects of European policies?
tribes that surrounded their settlements They attempted to still survive by making alliances with
other tribes to help one another survive. Since diseases
-Built trading posts
killed most natives, they had to adapt new ways to avoid
-Assisted the Huron people on fighting the Iroquois and survive with the new ways they could have been
killed.
Native American Reaction…
-saw the tribes as distinct from each other, not as one race
-European goods had them interact with strangers
-Adopted new ways to survive
-Some tribes became allies to help each other survive
-Unable to claim the land they once had before 1492 back

9. Historical Perspectives: Was Columbus a Great Hero? p.13

Key Concepts &

Main Ideas Notes Analysis

European overseas Washington Irving… Support or refute the following statement: Christopher
expansion and -Wrote a biography on Columbus’ virtues Columbus was a hero.
sustained contacts Christopher Columbus was NOT a hero
with Africans and President Franklin Roosevelt…
American Indians -Made October 12th Columbus Day
dramatically List 3 pieces of evidence to support your answer.
altered European Revisionists…
views of social, -Highly critical of Columbus a. He found America (Which was actually the Bahamas)
political, and -Say that he was at the right place at the right time on accident, he thought he made it to Asia.
economic -Not the first discoverer, but the first conqueror
relationships
among and Arthur Schlesinger… b. Did not discover America since people already lived
between white and -Thinks he was challenged by the unknown there
nonwhite peoples. -Deaths of millions caused positive results for America

Fact and fiction… c. His discovery caused slavery to be spread to America

-He found a place that Americans and Europeans have a
permanent point of communication List 3 pieces of evidence that support the alternate
view.

a. He wanted to know if there was any other land

settlements out in the world

b. He helped make America what it is today

c. Made permanent communication for Europe and

America

10. Explain the HIPP of the image below.

Image Source: Public Domain, Library of Congress,

First landing of Columbus on the shores of the
New World, at San Salvador, W.I., Oct. 12th 1492,
Dióscoro Teófilo Puebla Tolín

HIPP+:
Historical Context:
Europeans coming to land that belongs to the Natives.

Intended Audience:
Civilians back home so they can see what their people are
doing in the ‘New World’
 Author’s Purpose:
To show what the conquistadors did when they got to America and claimed land

Author’s Point of View:

Watching the men come onto land with their countries’ flags

+Other Context (similar in kind, from a different time…give an example of similar theme in a different place/time period):
When Spaniards conquered some of South America from the Incas and Aztecs.

Section 3 MAP
The College Board framework for the course includes specific places and locations significant to the development of North America and the United
states. This section provides you with the opportunity to locate and review these items.

Directions:
1. Read the framework excerpts located to the right of the map, and ensure you understand & know where/what is referenced.
2. Circle or highlight the following groups: Pueblo, Chinooks, Iroquois, Algonquian, Wamponoags, Pequot, Powhatan
3. Label/Trace the starting point and expansion of maize cultivation.

On a North American
continent… The spread of
maize cultivation from
present-day Mexico
northward into the American
Southwest and beyond
supported economic
development and social
diversification among
societies in these areas; a mix
of foraging and hunting did
the same for societies in the
Northwest and areas of
California.

Societies responded to the

lack of natural resources in
the Great Basin and the
western Great Plains by
developing largely mobile
lifestyles.

In the Northeast and along

the Atlantic Seaboard some
societies developed a mixed
agricultural and hunter–
gatherer economy that
favored the development of
permanent villages.

European overseas
expansion resulted in the
Columbian Exchange, a
series of interactions and
adaptations among societies
across the Atlantic. The
arrival of Europeans in the
Western Hemisphere in the
15th and 16th centuries
triggered extensive
demographic and social
changes on both sides of the
Atlantic.

Source: North American Continent; Western Hemisphere Indian Culture Map, [Link]
Reading Guide written by Rebecca Richardson, Allen High School
Sources include but are not limited to: 2015 edition of AMSCO’s United States History Preparing for the Advanced Placement Examination, [Link], College Board Advanced Placement
United States History Framework, writing strategies developed by Mr. John P. Irish, Carroll High School, 12th edition of American Pageant, [Link], [Link],
[Link], and other sources as cited in document and collected/adapted over 20 years of teaching and collaborating.