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Young's Modulus and Elastic Properties

Young's modulus, also called modulus of elasticity, is a parameter used to describe the elastic properties of linear objects like wires and rods. It represents the ratio of stress to strain, or how much force is required to produce a given amount of deformation. Materials with a higher Young's modulus require more force to deform them a certain amount. Young's modulus can predict the elongation or compression of an object as long as the stress is below the material's yield strength. Yield strength refers to the maximum stress a material can withstand before plastic deformation occurs, while ultimate tensile strength is the maximum stress before failure.

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29 views5 pages

Young's Modulus and Elastic Properties

Young's modulus, also called modulus of elasticity, is a parameter used to describe the elastic properties of linear objects like wires and rods. It represents the ratio of stress to strain, or how much force is required to produce a given amount of deformation. Materials with a higher Young's modulus require more force to deform them a certain amount. Young's modulus can predict the elongation or compression of an object as long as the stress is below the material's yield strength. Yield strength refers to the maximum stress a material can withstand before plastic deformation occurs, while ultimate tensile strength is the maximum stress before failure.

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Yohan S.
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To describe elastic properties of linear objects like wires, rods, or columns which are

stretched or compressed, a convenient parameter is the ratio of the stress to the strain, a
parameter called the "Young's modulus" or "Modulus of Elasticity" of the material.
Young's modulus can be used to predict the elongation or compression of an object as
long as the stress is less than the yield strength of the material.

Young's Modulus (Modulus of Ultimate Tensile


Elasticity) Yield Strength
Strength
Material -E- - Sy -
- Su -
6 2 (106 N/m2, MPa)
(106 psi) (109 N/m2, GPa ) (10 N/m , MPa)
ABS plastics 2.3 40
Acrylic 3.2 70
Aluminum 10.0 69 110 95
Antimony 11.3
Beryllium 42
Bismuth 4.6
170
Bone 9
(compression)
Boron 3100
Brasses 100 - 125 250
Bronzes 100 - 125
Cadmium 4.6
Carbon Fiber
Reinforced 150
Plastic
Cast Iron 4.5% C,
170
ASTM A-48
Chromium 36
Cobalt 30
Concrete, High
40
Strength 30
(compression)
(compression)
Copper 17 220 70
Diamond 1,050 - 1,200
50
Douglas fir Wood 13
(compression)
50
Glass 50 - 90
(compression)
Gold 10.8
Iridium 75
Iron 28.5
Lead 2.0
Magnesium 6.4 45
Manganese 23
Marble 15
Mercury
Molybdenum 40
Nickel 31
Niobium
15
(Columbium)
Nylon 2-4 75 45
Oak Wood (along
11
grain)
Osmium 80
Pine Wood 40
Platinum 21.3
Plutonium 14
Polycarbonate 2.6 70
Polyethylene
0.8 15
HDPE
Polyethylene
Terephthalate 2 - 2.7 55
PET
Polyimide 2.5 85
Polypropylene 1.5 - 2 40
Polystyrene 3 - 3.5 40
Potassium
Rhodium 42
Rubber 0.01 - 0.1
Selenium 8.4
Silicon 16
Silicon Carbide 450 3440
Silver 10.5
Sodium
Stainless Steel, 860 502
AISI 302
Steel, Structural
200 400 250
ASTM-A36
Steel, High
Strength Alloy 760 690
ASTM A-514
Tantalum 27
Thorium 8.5
Titanium 16
Titanium Alloy 105 - 120 900 730
Tungsten 400 - 410
Tungsten Carbide 450 - 650
Uranium 24
Vanadium 19
Wrought Iron 190 - 210
Zinc 12
 1 N/m = 1x10-6 N/mm2 = 1 Pa = 1.4504x10-4 psi
2

 1 psi (lb/in2) = 144 psf (lbf/ft2) = 6,894.8 Pa (N/m2) = 6.895x10-3 N/mm2

Note! Use the pressure unit converter on this page to switch the values to other units.

Strain

Strain can be expressed as

strain = dL / L (1)

where

strain = (m/m) (in/in)

dL = elongation or compression (offset) of the object (m) (in)

L = length of the object (m) (in)

Stress

Stress can be expressed as

stress = F / A (2)

where
stress = (N/m2) (lb/in2, psi)

F = force (N) (lb)

A = area of object (m2) (in2)

Young's Modulus (Tensile Modulus)

Young's modulus or Tensile modulus can be expressed as

E = stress / strain = (F / A) / (dL / L) (3)

where

E = Young's modulus (N/m2) (lb/in2, psi)

Elasticity

Elasticity is a property of an object or material which will restore it to its original shape
after distortion.

A spring is an example of an elastic object - when stretched, it exerts a restoring force


which tends to bring it back to its original length. This restoring force is in general
proportional to the stretch described by Hooke's Law.

Hooke's Law

One of the properties of elasticity is that it takes about twice as much force to stretch a
spring twice as far. That linear dependence of displacement upon stretching force is
called Hooke's law which can be expressed as

Fs = -k dL (4)

where

Fs = force in the spring (N)

k = spring constant (N/m)

dL = elongation of the spring (m)


Yield strength

Yield strength, or the yield point, is defined in engineering as the amount of stress that a
material can undergo before moving from elastic deformation into plastic deformation.

Ultimate Tensile Strength

The Ultimate Tensile Strength - UTS - of a material is the limit stress at which the
material actually breaks, with sudden release of the stored elastic energy.

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