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Overview of Biomolecules and Carbohydrates

This document defines and describes the four major types of biomolecules: carbohydrates, lipids, nucleic acids, and proteins. Carbohydrates include sugars, starches, and fiber, and can be monosaccharides (single sugars), disaccharides (double sugars), polysaccharides (long chains of monosaccharides), or oligosaccharides (short chains of monosaccharides). Lipids are water-insoluble molecules composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen, including fats and oils. Proteins are polymers of amino acids that serve structural and enzymatic functions. Nucleic acids such as DNA and RNA are essential biopolymers found in all living things.

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34 views9 pages

Overview of Biomolecules and Carbohydrates

This document defines and describes the four major types of biomolecules: carbohydrates, lipids, nucleic acids, and proteins. Carbohydrates include sugars, starches, and fiber, and can be monosaccharides (single sugars), disaccharides (double sugars), polysaccharides (long chains of monosaccharides), or oligosaccharides (short chains of monosaccharides). Lipids are water-insoluble molecules composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen, including fats and oils. Proteins are polymers of amino acids that serve structural and enzymatic functions. Nucleic acids such as DNA and RNA are essential biopolymers found in all living things.

Uploaded by

Julia Oh
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© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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BIOMOLECULES

WHAT IS BIOMOLECULES?
- It is also called Biological Molecule. It is any of
numerous substances that are produced by
cells and living organisms. Biomolecules have
a wide range of sizes and structures and
perform a vast array of functions. There are
four major types of biomolecules:
Carbohydrates, lipids, nucleic acids, and
proteins.

SUBMITTED BY:
ALEXIA JULIA C. NAVARRO
10-1
SUBMITTED TO:
MRS. JOSEPHINE B. SUNGLAO
SCIENCE TEACHER
CARBOHYDRATE
S
-Carbohydrates encompass a broad range of sugars, starches, and
fibre. The basic building block of a carbohydrate is a simple unions
of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen. The chemical definition of a
carbohydrate is any compound containing these three elements
having twice as many hydrogen atoms as oxygen and carbon.
There are 4 classifications of carbohydrates:
 Monosaccharide
 Disaccharides
 Polysaccharides
 Oligosaccharides

MONOSACCHARIDES
-From the prefix “mono” which
means one. Monosaccharide is
the simplest sugar and the basic
subunit of a carbohydrate. These
compounds are white solids at
room temperature. Because they
have polar, hydroxyl (-OH)
groups in their molecular
structures, because they are very
soluble in water. The most
monosaccharide are glucose and
fructose.

DISACCHARIDES

-is also called double sugar. It


is the sugar formed when two
monosaccharides are join by
glycosidic linkage. The most
common types of
disaccharides are: sucrose,
lactose, and maltose.
POLYSACCHARIDES

-are polymeric carbohydrate molecules composed


of long chains of monosaccharides units bound
together by glycosidic linkages, and on hydrolysis
give the constituent monosaccharides and
oligosaccharides. Examples include of this storage
are, starch and glycogen. Structural such as
cellulose and chitin.

OLIGOSACCHARIDES

-is s saccharide polymer


containing a small number
of monosaccharides.
Oligosaccharides can have
many functions including
cell recognition and cell
binding.
LIPIDS
-are water insoluble molecules that
are composed of carbon, hydrogen,
and oxygen. Fats and oils are
triglycerides that are combinations
of glycerol and three fatty acids, and
are the most abundant in lipids.

PROTEINS

-are large biomolecules or macromolecules,


consisting of one or more long chains of
amino acids. Proteins are polymers of amino
acids. They are found as structural materials
in hair, nails, and connective tissues.
Enzymes are proteins that act as biological
catalysts.
NUCLEIC
ACID
-are biopolymers, or small biomolecules,
essential to all known forms of life.
Nucleic acids are the most important of all
biomolecules. They are found in
abundance in all living things.

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