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Drawing Scales in Civil Engineering

This document discusses drawing scales used in civil engineering. It defines scales as measuring devices that transfer true or relative dimensions of objects to drawings proportionally smaller than actual size. Scales can be plain, diagonal, or vernier. The representative factor is the ratio of length on a drawing to actual length, indicating how much an object is reduced. Examples show how to construct different scales and measure lengths using scales. Assignments provide practice drawing scales and measuring lengths.

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33 views5 pages

Drawing Scales in Civil Engineering

This document discusses drawing scales used in civil engineering. It defines scales as measuring devices that transfer true or relative dimensions of objects to drawings proportionally smaller than actual size. Scales can be plain, diagonal, or vernier. The representative factor is the ratio of length on a drawing to actual length, indicating how much an object is reduced. Examples show how to construct different scales and measure lengths using scales. Assignments provide practice drawing scales and measuring lengths.

Uploaded by

sajid khan
Copyright
© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Lecturer 2: Drawing Scales

CE-112 : Engineering Drawing for Civil Engineers

By: Dr. Mohammad Ashraf (engineerashraf@[Link])


Office: CE: B109

Department of Civil Engineering, University of Engineering and


Technology, Peshawar

Measuring Units
 US Customary Units or English Units or Foot Pound System (FPS)
or Imperial Units
z 1.0 Mile = 1760 Yards
z 1.0 Mile = 8.0 Furlongs
z 1.0 Yard = 3.0 Feet
z 1.0 Feet = 12.0 Inch
 International System of Units (SI System)
z Mega meter, Kilometer, meter, decimeter, centimeter, millimeter
 Conversions
z 1.0 Meter = 3.281 Feet
z 1.0 Yard = 0.9144 Meters

1
What is drawing scale?
 The scale is a measuring device used to transfer
the true or relative dimensions of an object to
the drawing
 Traditionally scales were made of wood, but
today they are usually made of rigid plastic or
aluminum
 Full-size may not always be possible. Drawings
are usually drawn proportionally smaller or
larger
 Civil Engineering objects are usually bigger and
therefore drawn smaller than the actual size

Representative Factor (R.F.)


 R.F. is used to represent the scale of a drawing
 It is the ratio of length on drawing to the length on actual object
R.F. = (length on drawing) / (actual length of object)
 It is a measure of how much the object is reduced or enlarged on
drawing paper.
 The scale is also represented as 1″ = 8′-0″ i.e. one inch on drawing
is equal to 8 feet on actual object
 The Representative Factor of scale 1″ = 8′-0″ is 1/96 indicated as
1:96 on drawing

2
Type of scales
 Plain Scales (A line id divided into a number of equal parts and
sub-parts)
z Full Size Scales (SI Units, US Customary Units), 1:1 (RF = 1)
z Reduced Scales, 1:2 (RF=1/2), 1:10 (RF=1/10), 1:96 (RF = 1/96)
z Enlarge Scale, 2:1 or 1:1/2 (RF=2), 10:1 or 1:1/10 (RF=10)
 Diagonal Scales (For minute measurements)
 Vernier Scales (for minute measurements)

Plain Scales
Problem:
Draw a scale of 1″ = 4′-0″ (1:48) to show inch and half inch and long
enough to measure up to 10 feet.
Length of the scale = RF x maximum length to be measured
= 1/48 x (10 x 12) = 2.5″

3
Diagonal Scales
Problem:
Draw full-size diagonal scales with a least count of 1/64″ and 1/100 and
long enough to measure up to 6″.

Vernier Scales
Problem:
Draw full-size vernier scale with a least count 1/100 and long enough
to measure up to 6″.

4
Assignment No.1
Prob-1: Draw a plain scale of 1″ = 2′-0″ (1:24) to show inch and half
inch and long enough to measure up to 10 feet. Show a length of 2′-
3.5″ on the scale

Prob-2: Draw full-size diagonal scale with a least count of 1/200


(0.005) and long enough to measure up to 6″. Show a length of 2.345″
On the scale

Prob-3: Draw a full-size vernier scale with a least count 1/64 and long
enough to measure up to 6″. Show a length of 2-29/64″ on the scale

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