University of Eastern Philippines
University Town, Catarman Northern Samar
College of Education
WRITTEN REPORT
in
Science Technology and Society
Reporters:
Jayson Batula
Reca V. Boltron
Hannah Mae Basierto
INTRODUCTION
The Scientific Revolution was a series of events that marked the emergence of modern science
during the early modern period, when developments in mathematics, physics, astronomy,
biology and chemistry transformed the views of society about nature. ints
The scientific revolution was the emergence of modern science during the early modern
period, when developments in mathematics, physics, astronomy, biology (including human
anatomy), and chemistry transformed societal views about nature.
The change to the medieval idea of science occurred for four reasons: collaboration, the
derivation of new experimental methods, the ability to build on the legacy of existing scientific
philosophy, and institutions that enabled academic publishing.
Under the scientific method, which was defined and applied in the 17th century, natural and
artificial circumstances were abandoned and a research tradition of systematic experimentation
was slowly accepted throughout the scientific community.
During the scientific revolution, changing perceptions about the role of the scientist in respect
to nature, and the value of experimental or observed evidence, led to a scientific methodology
in which empiricism played a large, but not absolute, role.
As the scientific revolution was not marked by any single change, many new ideas contributed.
Some of them were revolutions in their own fields.
Science came to play a leading role in Enlightenment discourse and thought. Many
Enlightenment writers and thinkers had backgrounds in the sciences, and associated scientific
advancement with the overthrow of religion and traditional authority in favor of the
development of free speech and thought.
HOW CAN SCIENCE BE DEFINED?
Science as an idea.
Science as an intellectual activity.
Science as a body of knowledge.
Science as a personal and social activity.
Scientific Revolution
Was the period of enlightenment when the developments in the fields of mathematics, physics,
astronomy, biology, and chemistry transformed the views of story about nature.
Some intellectuals and their revolutionary ideas
Nicolaus copernicus
One of the renaissance men, particularly in the field of science.
1,500 years before came.
(thought experiment, Epitome by Johannes Muller., Commentariolus, De Revolutionibus orbium
coelestium (on the Revolutionsof the Heavenly Spheres) in 1543
Charles darwin
Famous for the theory of evolution.
The Origin of Species in 1859. (most important works in scientific literature)
The Descent of Man.
Framework for doing scientific activities: observation and experiment.
Sigmund freud
Famous figure in the field of psychology.
Method of psychoanalysis (scientific way to study human mind and neurotic illness.
Unorthodox (his method)- focusing on human sexuality and the evil nature of man.
Cradles of early science
Development of Science in Mesoamerica
Mesoamerica includes the entire area of Central America from Southern Mexico up to border of
South America.
The Maya civilization
is one of the famous civilizations that lasted for approximately 2,000 yrs.
People are known for their works in astronomy.
Their religious structures such temples, allows them to use for astronomical
[Link]., pyramid at Chichen Itza in Mexico situated at the Sun during the spring
and fall equinoxes.
Mayan knowledge and understanding about celestial bodies was advance for their time,
as evidenced by knowledge of predicting eclipse and using astrological cycles in planting
and harvesting.
Measuring time using two complicated calendar systems.
Also developed the technology for growing different crops and building elaborate cities
using ordinary machineries and tools.
They built looms for weaving cloth and devised a rainbow of glittery paints made from a
mineral called mica.
Mayans are considered one of the most scientifically advanced societies in
Mesoamerica.
One of the world’s first civilizations to use a writing system known as the Mayan
hieroglyphics.
They were also skilled in mathematics and created a number system based on the
numeral 20.
Independently developed the concept of zero and positional value, even before the
Romans did.
The inca civilization
Also famous in Mesoamerica. Made advanced scientific ideas considering their
limitations as an old civilization.
The following were the scientific ideas and tools that they developed to help them in
everyday life:
Roads paved with stores
Stone buildings that surmounted earthquakes and other disasters.
Irrigation system and technique for storing water for their crop to
grow in all types of land.
Calendar with 12 months to mark their religious festivals and prepare them for
planting season.
The first suspension bridge
Quipu, a system of knotted ropes to keep records that only experts can interpret; and
Inca textiles since cloth was one of the specially prized artistic achievements.
Aztec civilization
Some of their contributions are the following:
Mandatory education
Chocolates
Antispasmodic medication
ChinampAztec calendar
Invention of the canoe
Development of science in asia
Asia is the biggest continent in the world and the home of many ancient civilizations.
It is a host to many cultural, economic, scientific and political activities of all ages.
In the field of science, technology and mathematics, great civilizations have stood out: India,
China and the Middle East civilizations.
India
A huge peninsula surrounded by vast bodies of water and fortified by huge mountains in its
northern boarders.
They are known for manufacturing iron and in metallurgical works.
Their iron steel is considered to be the best and held with high regard in their whole of Roman
Empire.
India is also famous in medicine.
Some ancient texts, like the Susruta Samhita, describes different surgical and other medical
procedures famous in Ancient India.
Also notable in the field of astronomy. They developed theories on the configuration of the
universe,
The spherical self-supporting Earth, and the year of 360 days with 12 equal parts of 30 days
each.
CHINA
One of the ancient civilizations with substantial contributions in many areas in medicine,
astronomy, science, mathematics, arts, philosophy, and music, among others.
Are known for traditional medicines, a product of centuries of experiences and discovery of the
Chinese people.
Among the famous discoveries and inventions of the Chinese civilizations were compass,
papermaking, gunpowder, and printing tools.
THE MIDDLE EAST COUNTRIES
Are dominantly occupied by Muslims.
With the spread of Islam in the 7th and 8th centuries, a period of Muslim scholarship, or what is
called the Golden Age of Islam lasted until the 13th century.
Muslims scientists placed greater value on science experiments rather than plain-thought
experiments.
Development of science in south africa
Africa is blessed with natural and mineral resources.
The ancient Egyptian civilization has contributed immensely and made significant advances in
the fields of astronomy, mathematics, and medicine.
For example, the development of geometry was a product of necessity to preserve the lay out
and ownership of farmlands of the Egyptians living along the Nile River.
These early science activities in Egypt were developed to improve the quality of life of the
Egyptians in building their early homes and cities.
The great structures of the Egyptian pyramids and the early damns built to divert water from
the Nile River are some proofs of their advanced civilization.
Egypt was also known to be a center of alchemy, which is known as the medieval forerunner of
chemistry.
Mathematics was also known to be prominent in the life of early people in the African
continent.
They Islamic regions in Africa during the medieval period was also benefiting from mathematical
learning, which is considered advanced during those times, such as algebra, geometry, and
trigonometry.