PTE Advantage Academic Module PDF

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PTE Advantage Academic Module PDF

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Durga Das Kanaka

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With Answer r Vv ° wis Ri Ie a Key & Solutions PIE ADVANTAGE for Academic Module BetterThink eter resranPTE ADVANTAGE for Academic Module BetterThink WILEYPTE ADVANTAGE for Academic Mole Copyright © 2016 by Wie India Pv Li, 4435-86/7, Ansa: Road, Darya), New Deli11002 Besse Think™— A progam of TCY Leaning Sl (%) Lid Cover Image: Borel and Burwell Photgraphy/Stokphor All sighs reserved: No part ofthis book ay be reproduce, stored in eval stem, or wansmived i ay fox or by any vans cecrnie, mecha, pxocopying, ecoding oF seanning without the ween permission of the publish ‘Limit of Liability: White the publaher nd the nuthor have used thet best for in prepasing this book, Wily and the aor make no rpresotaton ce warranties wih eect tote aecuy ocorpltencs ofthe content of this ‘book, and special ischim any implied warranties of merchantability o nes fo any parcuar purpose. There se Warrate which extend beyoad the deseripeioas contained in ths paragraph, No warrany maybe crested or ‘asended by sales representaties or weit sles materials The accuracy and eompletenes Of the informason provided herein and te opinions ated herin arent guaranteed or ware to prosece any parte resi and fhe advice and mates cntaned herein may ot be stable for every nds Nether Wiley India nor the aor shall be lable for any Iss of peo or anyother eommercil dames, including but a imite to spec ncdeata, consequential cretherdamazes Disclaimer: Thecontent of thisbook haveheen checked for acta Since deviations cannot he prehaded emily ‘Wiley ors author canoe gente fll agement As the hook sited for edveasonal purpose, Wiley ores tuxhor sal ot be responsible for any erors, omissions or darsages ating a of the wae of the information contained inthe book. This pubeation is designed to provide accurate and authortadveinformaton with put 0 the subject mater covered ts soli onthe understanding thatthe Publsheris no enpagein reader professional “Trademark: A brand names and pode names ued in his hook are trademarks, rejtered trademarks or rade rnamesof their especie holders Wiley notassociatd wth any praetor vendor mentioned inthis book, Other Wiley Batoral Otbces: Joba Wiley & Sons le 111 River Stet, Hoboken, N7080,USA, ‘Wiles-VCH Verlag Grab, Pppeliee 3,D-69409 Weinheim, Germany Jonn wiey2eSons Ansan a 2c Dougal Stee, ton Qoerstand 465, Astra Jona Wiley Sons (Ak) Phe Lid 1 Fasionopi Wale 07-01 Sears Sout Ter, Sngepone 13625 ‘Jona Wiley & Sons Canada Lt, 22 Woeeser Ros, Etobicoke, Otani Canad, MW IL Fic ion: 2016 ISBN:978 81-255 5899.5, swruilyindiacom Princed at: Sharda Offset Press, Delhi 4 cqoce « € C © eocce C €Preface PTE (Academic) has become an extremely popular English language qualification test over the past few years. Berter Think, a TCY program, has been at the forefront to help aspirants excel in PTE (Academic) ‘The TCYonline website was also the first to put PTE (Academic) test series online. Having had the advantage of first movers in the online domain and rich classroom teaching experience across a wide network spread across North India, BetterThink, a TCY program, is eminently placed to now bring out book for the advantage of all the PTE aspirants within and beyond India. It gives us immense pleasure and sense of accomplishment in presenting this book to all PTE (Academic) aspirants. The book includes tips, strategies, examples, practice exercises, answers and explanations. In case of all subjective type questions, including those in the Speaking and Writing section, suggested answers and/or hints have been provided. The step-by-step approach to answer the various question types ensures that the aspirants score well beyond their own expectations. For listening practice and exercises, as also for some speaking items, inputs have been provided liberally in the form of CDs. In case any clarification is needed, there also are transcripts for all the recordings. “Then there are Three Comprehensive Mock Tests. Care has been taken to provide not only the answers but also the explanations/solutions, for the aspirants to study and ingest the strategies. PTE (Academic) is an online test. The aspirants will surely look for test experience in the online domain. They can always visit [Link] to access many simulated tests in each section, along with analytics that tell chem where they stand and what they need to do to excel. For any other test related information, they may also access Better Think. lease send your feedback and/or inputs to info@[Link].MF OCCOSCCECOCECCCELECCCOGCECUOEE~ Contents ie Preface v Chapter 1 What is PTE (Academic)? 1 LI Introduction 1 1.2. How is PTE (Academic) Different from IELTS and TOEFL? 1 1.2.1 Compasison of IELTS/TOEFLIPTE Scores 2 1.3 PTE (Academic) Structure 2 1.3.1 Total Test Time 3 1.3.2 PTE Scores 4 1.3.3. Two Types of Scoring in PTE. 4 1.3.4 Maximizing your Score with Machine Based Scoring System 7 1.3.5 Is There any Negative Marking in PTE? 7 1.4 On the Test Day 7 1.4.1 How is the Test Conducted? 8 15 FAQ 8 Chapter 2 Speaking Module 9 2.1 Introduction 2.2 Structure of Speaking Test 2.2.1 Question Types 22.2. Stills Assessed 10 2.2.3 How to Prepare for the Speaking Section? 10 2.24 General Tips forthe Speaking Section 10 2.2.5 General Tips for Maximizing Score in Speaking (Pronunciation and Fluency) un 2.3. Personal Introduction n 2.3.1 Why do I Need to Record a Personal Introduction at the Beginning of the Test? 12 2.3.2. Tips for Personal Introduction 2 24 Read Aloud 2 24.1 Tips for Read Aloud 2 13, 2.4.2 Tips for Maximizing Score (Content)MET 1 ao vantace gS Example 13, 25 Repeat Sentence 4 2.5.1 Tips for Repeat Sentence 14 2.5.2. Tips for Maximizing Score (Content) 15 got Example 15 2.6 Describe Image 15 2.6.1 Describe Graphs or Diagrams 15 2.6.2 Finding Main Festures 16 2.63. ‘Describe Image’ Means Doing Three Things 16 exh Example i 2.6.4 Tips for Describe Image 18 2.6.5 Tips for Maximizing Score (Content) 18 27° Retell Lecture 18 quot" Example 18 27.1. Tips for Retell Lecture 20 2.7.2 Tips for Maximizing Score (Content) 2» 2.8 Answer Short Question 2 gut! SS Example a 28.1 Tips for Answer Shore Question 2 Practice Questions (Solved) 22 Describe Image 2 Re-tell Lecture a Practice Questions (With Hints) 29 Describe Image » Read Aloud 33 Practice Exercises 34 Describe Image 34 Repeat Sentence 37 Answer Short Question. a7 Chapter 3 Writing Module 39 3.1 Introduction 39 3.2 Structure of Writing Test 39, 3.2.1 Question Types 39CONTENTS 3.2.2. How to Prepare for the Writing Section? 0 3.23. General Tips for the Writing Seetion 40 33. Summarize Written Text 4 3.3.1 Tips for Summarize Weitten Text 41 3.3.2 Skills Assessed in Summarize Written Text 2 3.3.3. Some Do's and Don's for Summarize Written Text a 3.3.4 Tips for Maximizing Score a got Example 42 34 Write Essay a 3.4.1. Tips for Write Essay “a 3.4.2 Tips for Maximizing Score 44 3.4.3 Skills Assessed in Write Essay 4 3.44 Some Do's and Don's for Write Essay 45 eS Bample 45 Practice Questions (Solved) % Summarize Writen Text % ‘Write Esay 49 Practice Questions (With Hints/Outlines) 32 Suromarize Weieeen Text 2 Write Esay 35 Practice Exercises 37 Summarize Writen Text 7 ‘Write Esay a Chapter 4 Reading Module 65 4.1 Introduction 6 42 Structure of Reading Test 6 42.1 Question Types 6 422° Skills Assessed 6 423° General Tips 66 4.3 Multiple-Choice, Choose Single Answer o 43.1. Tips for Multiple-Choice, Choose Single Answer o oS. Beample 8 44. Multiple-Choice, Choose Multiple Answers 68 6 44.1 Tips for Multiple-Choice, Choose Multiple AnswersWEE © sovanrace i 44.2. Tips for Maximizing Seore Cy gol Example 69 45. Reorder Paragraphs 70 435.1 Tips for Re-order Paragraphs 70 4.5.2. Tips for Maximizing Score 70 ex¥S Example n 4.6 Reading: Fillin the Blanks n 406.1. Tips for Reading: Fillin che Blanks 2 oS Example n 4.7 Reading and Writing: Fill in the Blanks n 47.1. Tips for Reading and Writing: Fil inthe Blanks B gut? Example B Practice Questions (Solved) ma Mulkiple-Choice, Choose Single Answer ” ‘Mulkiple-Choice, Choose Multiple Answers 7 Re-order Paragraphs 80 Reading: Fill n the Blanks 2 Reading and il in the Blanks 85 Practice Questions (With Hints) 88 ‘Muleiple-Choice, Choose Single Answer 88 ‘Mulkiple-Choice, Choose Multiple Answers 9 Re-order Paragraphs 95 Reading: Fill in che Blanks 7 Reading and Writing: Fill in the Blanks 9 Chapter 5 Listening Module 103 5.1 Introduction 103 5.2 Structure of Listening Test 103 5.2.1 Question Types 104 5.2.2 Skill Assessed 105 5.2.3 General Tips 105 5.3 Summarize Spoken Text 105 5.3.1 Tips for Summarize Spoken Text 1s 5.3.2. Tips for Maximizing Score 106CONTENTS VY eohS Eample 106,107 5.4 Multiple-Choice, Choose Multiple Answers 107 5.4.1 Tips for Multiple-Choice, Choose Multiple Answers 107 5.4.2 Tips for Maximizing Seore 108, go Example 108 55. Fillin the Blanks 109 5.5.1 Tips for Fillin the Blanks 109 5.5.2. Tips for Maximizing Score 109 go SS Example 0 5.6 Highlight Correct Summary 110 5.6.1 Tips fr Highlight Correct Summary a eo Example m2 5.7 Maltiple-Choice, Choose Single Answer 113 5.7.1. Tips for Mulkiple-Choice, Choose Single Answer 113 got Example 113,114 5.8 Select Missing Word ng 5.8.1. Tips for Select Missing Word 15 eohS Example 5 5.9 Highlight Incorrect Words 16 5.9.1 Tips for Highlight Incorrect Words 116 5.9.2 Tips for Maximizing Score 116 go, xample 17 5.10 Write from Dictation 17 5.10.1. Tips for Write from Dictation ng 5.10.2 Tips for Maximizing Seore 1s eo Example n9 Practice Questions (With Clues) 19 Summarize Spoken Text 19 Maltiple-Choice, Choose Multiple Answers 120 Fill in the Blanks 2 Highligh Correce Summary 123 “Maltiple-Choice, Choose Single Answer 125 Select Missing Word 7 Highlight Incorrect Words 128BBM °Te ADVANTAGE ‘Transcripts for Speaking and Listening Modules Answers to Practice Exercises in Chapters PTE Mock Test-1 PTE Mock Test-2 PTE Mock Test-3 ‘Transcripts for the Mock Tests Answers to PTE Mock Tests 131 161 167 221 273 329 361What is PTE (Academic) 1.1 | Introduction PTE is Pearson Test of English. The reference here is to PTE (Academic Test), which is different from PTE (General), the latter being a suite of six tests at different levels (Al, 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5) designed to assess and accredie general English language proficiency. Both the test types are intended for test takers who are speakers of other languages (ESOL). Like IELTS and TOEFL, PTE (Academic) is designed to assess the English language skills of can- didates who want to study in an English Speaking Country. However, PTE is different from IELTS and TOEEL in several important respects. First and foremost, unlike IELTS but like TOEFL, PTE is an online internet based test. More importantly, PTE is totally free of human intervention; it is a Computer-based Computer-assessed test. All the items in PTE (Academic) are machine scored. In a way, PTE is the new age language ability test that is free of any cultural or native skills bias. Other tests of similar nature involve human intervention at some stage where assessments can — knowingly or unknowingly — get influenced by external factors, such as, appearance, personality, body language, flow of thoughts, apart from culcural bias. Not so in the case of automated scoring system, where impartiality. ‘on all these counts is built-in and one can be sure to be judged only on language performance. ‘An indirect but equally important benefit of the computer-based computer-assessed interface of PTE (Academie) is that the assessment is instantaneous and, at least theoretically, the result can be made available to che student immediately after the test. This is a far cry from tests like IELTS and TOEFL that typically take a fortnight to make the results available. Unlike IELTS and TOEFL that assess the test taker for communicative skills only (Listening, Speaking, Reading and Writing), PTE also assesses the test taker for enabling skills (Grammar, Oral Fluency, Pronunciation, Spelling, Vocabulary, Written Discourse). Apart from the composite score, PTE Academic rates the test taker separately on each of these parameters (4 + 6), to a scale of 10-90, Note: } The test rakes approximately three hours to complece. This includes an un-timed introduction to the test and an optional scheduled break of up to 10 minutes. 1.2 | How is PTE (Academic) Different from IELTS and TOEFL? Parameter TELTS TOEKL PTE Academie) Registration ime 15 Days 7 Days 48 Hours Result 13 Days 14 Days 5 Business days (Continued)ES == s0vantce (Continued) Parameter ELIS TOEFL PTE (heademie) “Time beeween evo attempts 2 Weeks 2 Weeks 5 Days Test duration 2Days 4 Hours 3 Hours (single sising) Test dates Fixed Fixed Flexible 1.2.1 Comparison of IELTS/TOEFL/PTE Scores aad Pr aera) Source: [Link]/test-takers/results! 1.3 | PTE (Academic) Structure There are three parts as below that are separately timed: 1. Speaking and Writing 2, Reading (Optional Break) 3. Listening “The test seructure can be represented by a brief graphical outline as shown below: PTE (Academie) Pearson Test of English Reading Speaking & Writing stoning Time: 77-93 Min Time: 32-41 Min Time: 45-57 Min Question Types: 7 (nto) Question Types: 5 Question Types: 8 Total Score: 90 Total Score: 90 Total Score: 90(CHAPTER 1: WHAT IS PTE (ACADEMIC)? Za 1.3.1. Total Test Time ~ Speaking and Writing ‘Number of Items ‘Total Time = 77-93 minutes Introduction ‘ 1 minute Read Aloud « a Repeat Sentence (10-12) © Describe Image 7) 30-35 minutes A Revel Lecure o-) Answer Short Question (20-12) a ‘Summarize Written Text (23) 20-30 minutes Wits Boy 0) 20-40 mites O Tate ae manta a > “Multiple-choice, Single answer. (2-3) > Malkiple-choice, Multiple answers (2-3) ~ Reorder Paragraphs 03) Reading: Fill n the Blanks 5) Reading & Writing: Fill Blanks (5-6) Listening ‘Number of Tiems Total Time = 45-57 minutes O Summarize Spoken Text: 23) 20-30 minutes > Multiple-choice, Muleiple answers (2-3) a Fill in the Blanks (23) a Highlight correct summary. (2-3) 23-28 minutes a Multiple-choice, Single answer (2-3) Select missing word eo) © Highligh ncorece words 23) Write from dictation G4)MEM = sovantace 1.3.2. PTE Scores PTE (Academic) provides the test taker composite or overall score as well asa separate score for each of the communicative and enabling skills, [Link] Overall Score “The composite score is based on the test taker’ performance on all test items (70-91 items of 20 different types). The score given for each item conteibutes to the overall score. The score range, for each parameter as well as overall, is 10-90 points. [Link]. Communicative Skills Scores ‘The communicative skills measured are listening, reading, speaking and writing. Items testing these communicative skills also test specific enabling skills. For items integrating various communicative skills, the score contributes to such different communicative skills are involved. The score range for each. skill is 10-90 points, [Link] Enabling Skills Scores ‘The enabling skills—grammar, oral fluency, pronunciation, spelling, vocabulary and written discourse— are tested in related assessment items in speaking and writing, The score range for each skill is 10-90 points. No enabling skills score is awarded if the response for the related item is inappropriate in content or form, An essay write-up unrelated to the topic assigned, for example, will earn no score, even for the related enabling skills. In relation to form, ifa task requires a one-sentence summary of a ext and the response consists of alist of wards, no score points for the response will be given. 1.3.3. Two Types of Scoring in PTE ‘There are two types of question items, and hence, two types of scores in PTE: 1. Correct/Incorrect Items (Full credit or zero credit) ‘The score for these items is based on correctness alone, 2. Partial Credit Items(Correci/Partially Correct! Incorrect) ‘The score for these items is based on * Correctness *+ Formal aspects (e.g,, word limit) * Quality of response (assessment of enabling skills) [Link] Essay Scoring System 1. First Check Point: Content: If score is 0 (no response or irrelevant response), no other aspect is checked and overall essay score is 0 2. Second Check Point: Form: (If a score is received for content)> CHAPTER 1: WHAT iS PTE (ACADEMIC)? fees To) Appropriate length of essay: IF score is 0 (much below or much above the word limit), no rating is done on vocabulary, spelling, grammar; development, structure, coherence, and general linguis- O dicrange. 3. Third Check Point Enabling Skills: Scores for concent, form and enabling skills add up co the total essay score [Link] Machine Based Scoring System Since the marking for all the communicative and enabling skills is machine based, PTE has well-defined system for scoring. The following is a summary of the defining criteria in respect of various test items and the corresponding scores. ‘SPEAKING Score Defining Criteria Content For questions type where exact answers are required (Read Aloud, Repeat Sentence A ct). replacements omissions or insertions of words count as errors. For long answer «ype items, like Deseribe Image or Re-tell Leeure, the seoringis based on how many ~ of che key elements in the image/lecture have been covered in the response. Other Communicative Other defining criteria are pronunciation and oral fluency (i.e. how natural and Skil native-like they are). The important thing to note here isnot to confuse pronunciation with accent. Narive-like pronunciation means the correct way to pronounce the ‘word, not the way itis accented by natives of, say Britain or America (US). oO WRITING 5 Score Defining Criterion ~ Adequately deals with the prompe Bae Deals with the prompt but does not deal with one minor aspect 1 Deals withthe prompt bur omits a major aspect or more than one minor aspect 0 Does not deal properly with the prompt 0 Form: A Score Defining Criterion nt Length is between 200 and 300 words 1 Length is berween 120 and 199 or between 301 and 380 words ° Length is less chan 120 or more than 380 words. Essay is written in capital leteers, 4 contains no punctuation or only consists of bullet poines or very short sentencesME ©: sovantace Development, Structure and Coherence Score Defining Criterion 2 ‘Shows good development and logical structure 1 Is less well structured; some elements/ paragraphs are poorly linked ° Lacks coherence and consists of ists or loose elements Grammar: Score Defining Criterion 2 Haas correct grammatical structure 1 ‘Contains grammatical errors but with no hindrance to communication 0 Has defective grammatical structure which could hinder communication Vocabulary: i Score Defining Criterion : 2 Has appropriate choice of words 1 Contains lexical errors but with no hindrance to communication ° Has defective word choice which could binder communication Spellings 2 Correct spelling 1 One spelling error o More than one spelling error ‘READING Score Defining Criteria Content For all the question types in the Reading Section, there are definitive right answers. But chese ate all, except the items on Multiple-choice, Choose Single Answer, partial credit items. For Multiple-choice, Change Multiple Answers items, you get 1 credit for each correct response and -1 foreach incorrect response (subject to a minimum score of zero). For Fill in the Blanks items, you get | credit for each correct response and 0 credit for each incorrect response. For Re-order Paragraph items. you get 1 credit for each correct adjacent pair and 0 credit for each incorrect pait. In the Reading Section, Multiple-choice, Choose Multiple Answers is the only item type ‘thar arracts negative marking. So, you are free ro guess your answer forall question types, except Multipl-choice, Choose Multiple AnswersCHAPTER 1: WHAT IS PTE (ACADEMIC)? as ‘LISTENING Score Defining Criteria Content For the Listening Section, chere are 8 items in all. For Summarize Spoken Text, scoring system is identical to the one described above in respect of Writing Section. “There are five items viz. Multiple-choice, Choose Single Answer, Highlight Correct Summary Fill in the Blanks, Select Missing Word, and Write from Dictation where ‘you get I credit foreach correct response and 0 credit foreach incortect response “There are two others viz. Multiple-choice, Choose Multiple Answers and Highlight Incorrect Words, where you get 1 credit for each correct response and —1 credit (negative marking) for each incorrect response. Here too, you are free to guess your answer fr all question types, except these two, 1.3.4 Maximizing your Score with Machine Based Scoring System Since the entire scoring system is machine-based (no human touch at any stage), and since PTE has publicized che system of scoring for each question type, it is essential co keep note of small details so as to avoid being penalized for any small deviation from prescribed norms. Such precautionary advice is given question-wise in the following chapters. 1.3.5. Is There any Negative Marking in PTE? “There is no negative marking in PTE (Academic) except in ‘Multiple-choice, Choose Multiple Answers) and “Highlight Incorrect Words’ questions. So, forall the questions, except che two types as mentioned above, don’t leave a question unanswered even if you have to guess. In ‘Multiple-choice, Choose Multiple Answers’ and in ‘Highlight Incorrect Words’ questions, however, you need to be careful. Your score is 1 for each correct option selected and (~) 1 for each incorrect option selected. 1.4 | On the Test Day You need to arrive at your designated PTE test center at least 30 minutes in advance, so as co pass secu- sity and get the documentation/check-in done. You need to bring only the acceptable ID. On arriving at the test center, you need to check-in with the test administrator. 1. You need to show your ID and ‘sign in’ digitally 2. You gct your digital photograph taken, 3. You also get your palm digitally scanned. ‘The test administrator then assigns a locker to check-in your belongings. No papers are allowed inside except the documents required. You are now ready to take your assigned seat in a secure cabin.ME re a0 vantace 1.4.1 How is the Test Conducted? You are also allowed time for equipment check. There is an untimed test introduetion at the scare that tells you what to expect in the test. The test takes approximately three hours to complete, including an uuntimed Personal Introduction and an optional break of up to 10 minutes. There are three timed parts, consisting of Speaking &Writing, Reading, and Listening, each of whi tion types and a number of items under each question type. will have a number of ques- 4.5 | FAQs 1, What happens if there is a problem with my computer during the test? Raise your hand and tell the test administrator. They will do whatever they can to help and will ensure the problem is recorded and reported. Make sure you tell the test administrator about any problems you feel affect your ability to complete the test. 2. Can | take notes during the test? You are given an erasable notepad (about 5 sheets of A4 paper). If you run out of space, you can ask for another notepad. Ensure chat the pen given to you is also working properly. 3. Can I correct my answers during the test? For other than spoken tesponses—yes; but this should be before you move on to the next item. You can correct multiple-choice responses (click again to deselect your answer) and typed responses (use the cut, copy and paste options). For spoken responses, you can correct yourself in the same breath, But you cannot re-record any spoken response afterwards, The microphone will switch off automatically if you are silent for more than 3 seconds during an answer. 4, Am | penalized for wrong answers? For most question types, there is no negative marking. So, you must not leave a question even if you have to guess. However, for ‘multiple-choice, choose multiple answers’ and for ‘highlight incorrect words, there is indeed penalty for wrong option selected. So, you need to be more careful here. 5. Are all communicative skills scores (e.g. reading, writing) weighted equally? Yes, All the scores in PTE (Academic) are presented on a scale of 90. Theic is a wunpusive ut overall score in the range 10-90. Then there isa score for each of the communicative skills (Speaking, Writing, Reading and Listening) and each of the Enabling skills (Grammar, Oral Fluency, Pronunciation, Spell ing, Vocabulary and Written Discourse), again in the range 10-90. 6. How long is my score report valid? Your score report is valid and available online for two yeats.Speaking Module 2.1 | Introduction Speaking and Writing module is the fist part of the PTE test. For your convenience, we have divided ic into two different sections: Speaking and Writing. This module discusses the Speaking section of the test, while the next module discusses the Writing section, 2.2 | Structure of Speaking Test [Time Allowed 1 minute + 30-35 minutes Procedure * First item of Speaking & Writing section is Personal Introduction (30 seconds co 1 minute) * Second item of Speaking & Writing section isa set of S question types: Read aloud, Repeat sentence, Describe image, Re-tell lecture, Answer shore question (ime allowed: 30-35 minutes) 2.2.1 Question Types 1. Personal Introduction 2. Read Aloud 3. Repeat Sentence 4. Describe Image 5. Retell Lecture 6. Answer Short Question [Link] Overview of Speaking Test which is to be described in detail Question Type Task Skill Assessed [Length | Time to Answer Personal introduction_| Introduce yourself Notatescitem |N/A | 30 seconds to record Read aloud ‘Atextappearsoon the screen | Readingand | Up co 60 | Depends on che which i to be read aloud speaking | words | length ofthe text Repearsencence | Arecording ofasentenceis | Liseningand [3-9 | 15 seconds played which is required to be | speaking | seconds repeated Describe image ‘An image appears on the screen | Speaking [NA | 40 secondsRE 1c aovantace Question Type Task ‘SkillAssessed | Length | Time to Answer Resell eecure ‘Alecture iso be listened, and | Listeningand | Up to 90 | 40 seconds answered in a single word ora | speaking seconds few words L “Answer shore question | A question isco beheard and | Listeningand | Up co 90 | 40 seconds answered in a single word or few | speaking seconds swords 2.2.2 Skills Assessed 1. Content and cohesion 2. Oral fluency 3. Pronunciation (including stress and intonation) 4, Lexical resources (vocabulary range) 2.2.3 How to Prepare for the Speaking Section? 1. The first pre-requisite for good speaking skills is the habit of speaking, not only in the academic but also in the social contexts. If you move around in company where any particular language is spoken as a matter of course, it does not need much time to pick up che spoken language 2. But, for the purpose of PTE (Academic), the speaking ability has to be structured and focused ‘on answering exactly what is asked. This needs the ability to comprehend first the context, then the question. The context could be listening based, or reading based. So, the nced is to read/lsten and understand. The question is what will separace the grain from the chaff. Comprehending the question will build focus on such part of the context as is needed. 3. The next step is to familiarize yourself with all the question types that occur in PTE (Academic) so that strategies to respond to each question type could be worked out and practiced well in advance, 2.2.4 General Tips for the Speaking Section 1, Adjust the volume of the headphones to your own convenience such that neither your voice hurts your ears, nor others’ voices disturb you. 2. Speak at natural pace, at normal volume (neither too quietly nor too quickly), and with nacural accent. There Is no need ro imitate or be inclined wo use any unnatural, or so-called native accent, 3. All of us commie slip of the tongue. Icis alright if you miss out on something or commit a minor ‘error while speaking. Carty on as usual. There is really no need to correct or repeat yourself, 4, Ieis important co keep speaking even ifit is only to make a sound or buy time. In long answer type questions, keep saying something while you formulate your ideas. The fillets could be like “Yes, I ‘would say"; “Shall we say?” No sound for 3 seconds means recorder gets ‘off.5, Take note of the “Time Remaining” at the top right hand corner and “Next” burton at the bottom. right hand comer. You know how much time you are left with to record (this time is controlled by the computer), and, after you complete your answer, you know you need to rush to the next question without losing time. (CHAPTER 2: SPEAKING MODULE 2.2.5 General Tips for Maximizing Score in Speaking (Pronunciation and Fluency) 1. Let the accent not affect your pronunciation, Doni lose the pronunciation in order to get accent. 2. Continuity is more important than speed. Dont hale or revise in parts, 2.3 | Personal Introduction ‘This is how the slide looks like in the actual exam, end te prem blo n 26 reconds, rou rus py In your cum ward ratiraty ane 2 patil, oy hae 2 seconds tons ct Sena ei eer yur sar pate raMEER #1 sovantace 2.3.1 Why do | Need to Record a Personal Introduction at the Beginning of the Test? ‘The personal introduction is sent to institutions along with your test scores. ‘The institution concerned can also verify your identity by comparing your voice with the recording from the test. However, personal introduction is not assessed and does not contribute to your test score. 2.3.2. Tips for Personal Introduction 1, Make a positive impression. 2. Go prepared. 3. Practice in advance so as co wind up in 30 seconds sharp. 2.4 | Read Aloud ‘Note: | There are generally 6-7 questions based on this question type. This is how the side looks like in the actual exam. “Nothing hs changed the fundamental ecoromics of business,” says James E. Copeland. “Ws sill good w havea lot of capital Is still pood wo be big, But i's stil ood not ta let your bigness make you slow. Is stil ood to stay nimble in the marketplace” SRS RIE RE 2.4.1. Tips for Read Aloud 1. About 30-40 seconds time is allowed to pre-read. Use this time to pre-read the text and to sound. yourself out on words you might find difficult to handle. After this time, there will be a lice tone to indicate time to start recording.CHAPTER 2: SPEAKING MODULE fees To) 2. Try to follow the flow of the sentence complete with the pauses and the emphases. The punctuation marks and cheme words tell you where to pause and what to emphasize. Recognize and follow the punctuation marks but don't name them. 3. Sound natural for the intended character. You don't need to raise the pitch of your voice or speak in hush-hush tone. 4, ‘Read aloud! assignment assesses your oral fluency, pronunciation and intonation as per flow of the text. Place yourself in the shoes of the speaker and speak as you would expect him/her ro speak. 5. Divide the text into groups of words or phrases and then read them phrase by phrase. 6 Stress on the key syllables in a theme word, speaking them in a slightly louder tone. 7. Don't stop speaking, It is better to use fillers like umm, ch..., etc. 8. Speak as soon as you hear a tone prompting you to speak. 2.4.2 Tips for Maximizing Score (Content) [As per PTE guidelines: “Each replacement, omission or inseition of a word counts as one error”. So, 1, Do not try to explain, add, or treat anything as unnecessary. 2. Do not name punctuation marks got OD Track 1: Play the CD to listen to the related recording, ‘Text: “Nothing has changed the fundamental economics of business,” says James E. Copeland. “Ie still good to havea lot of capital. I still good to be big. But it’ still good nor [Link] your bigness make you slow. Ie’ still good to stay nimble in the marketplace.” Intonation/Pauses in the Sentence “Nothing has changed the fundamental economics of business,” (short pause) says (short pause) James E. Copeland. (Long pause) “Ics still good (high intonation) co have a lot of capital. (Long pause) Ie’ still good (high intonation) to be big, (Long pause) But (short pause) ies still good not (high intonation) to let your bigness make you slow. (Long pause) Irs sll good (high intonation) to stay nimble in the markerplace.”PTE ADVANTAGE 2.5 | Repeat Sentence Note: | ‘There are generally 8-10 questions based on this question type. This is how the slide looks like in the actual exam: 2.5.1. Tips for Repeat Sentence i cs 3. 4 5. 6. a ‘Gi Recording of one sentence ata time is played. Typically these are short sentences. Listen to the sentence attentively and try to repeat as many words in order as pos Iehelps to splic the sentence into parts and repeat them in the same sequence. While listening, visualize the speaker and the context; focus on general sense of the sentence. Dont be overly worried if a word or two is missed. The important thing is to convey the general idea in the same manner in which the original speaker did. Speak in a relaxed manner copying the stresses and the intonation pattern as you heard in the recording. Donk stop speaking as the microphone will close after 3 seconds of silence. It is better ro use fill- crs, such as umm, eh... et Scart speaking when the status on the screen changes to Recording. There is no tone for this irem type so you should start speaking as soon as you see the changed status. ‘Repeat sentence’ assignment assesses your oral fluency, pronunciation and intonation.CHAPTER 2: SPEAKING MODULE 2.5.2. Tips for Maximizing Score (Content) [As per the PTE guidelines, only the following are counted as errors in content: “Errors = replacements, omissions and insertions only Hesitations, filled or unfilled pauses, leading or trailing material are ignored in the scoring of content.” 3 marks awarded ifall words from the prompt are repeated in the correct sequence. 2 marks awarded if at least 50% words from che prompt are repeated in the correct sequence. Even if you forget a word or two, you will still get 2 marks out of 3 But the sequence needs to be correct So, try to repeat as many words in order as possible tl SS ed ‘Track 2: Play the CD to listen to the related recording. Splitting the sentence makes it easier to repeat: ‘my intermittent fatigue and lethargy asa sign Twas a weak person 2.6 | Describe Image here are generally 6-8 questions based on this question type 2.6.1 Describe Graphs or Diagrams You may need to describe any of the Following types of graphs or diagrams: ONDIFWAMJJASWBE 1 Ab vantace Max. Hold | Hold Time Range 26s-33s | 16s~20s 19s - 25s 125~ 16s 13s 18s 95-128 8s 12s 63-8 In some cases, you may have to describe a process illustrated by a diagram, ot information presented ina able You may even have a combination of two or more of these. 2.6.2 Finding Main Features In answering a ‘Describe Image’ question, the real challenge is identifying the main features, In facts the main features vary from question to question. Still cis very useful to pick up the following things: 1, The highest and the lowest figures 2. Beginnings and endings 3. Overall crends and patterns 4, Deviations from trends (Exceptions) 5. Comparisons/contrasts 2.6.3 ‘Describe Image’ Means Doing Three Things 1, Selecting: Means choosing a few and leaving out « lot 2, Reporting: Saying what you see 3. Comparing: Not just about more or less While describing an image, especially picture-based, it pays to keep a good stock of phrases handy to use while speaking, However, this does not mean that you should limie yourself to these only. You may introduce your own as well. Ina way. they help you hy relling you what to speak about, co chat you don'e stop speaking. Some of the common words which you may use ate: ‘How to start describing To say what is happening Where in the image? ‘Ifsomething tmnt clear or you are not sure Tn this image, “The woman In the foreground, “There There In che background ‘The tourists are(CHAPTER 2: SPEAKING MODULE (Continued) VThere Its flashing, ‘At the top/bottom of the image In the middle ofthe image. - On thelefdrghe ofthe Tc looks like a. image next 10 Te might bea A in font of He could be... ng Behind Maye ie a i on top of Under This is how the slide looks like in the actual exam. Refer to pi Pais Tact of alish Acad teat ath raph 2 cane le pt hI showing, ee eco rte fs World Sources of Energy 2014 ~ Nuclear ane Recorded Answer renewables r 14% Petoleum 33% Yemen Wane / 1% 0 [sen ose Coal 36% — Curent Stat Segre 28 sereWME 1: Aovanrace Solution Identifying name and type: Te pie-chare represents the proportion of various world sources of energy, during the year 2014. Identifying the main point(s) and their relationship(3: OF all the energy generated in 2014, 74% came from fossil fuels. This included 36% from coal, 33% from petroleum and 5% from natural gas. Of the rest, 12% came from biomass and waste and 14% came from nuclear energy and renewable sources. Identifying conclusion: The world energy consumption in the year 2014 was heavily dependent on pollution-making fossil fuels. Only a quarter was being met from biomass, nuclear energy and presumably clean and green renewable sources. 2.6.4. Tips for Describe Image 1. You just have 35-40 seconds to ‘recognize’ the image or rather the salient features of the image. So, better organize your thoughts or impressions of the image. 2. Identify and name, the type of image (line graph, bar graph, table, chart, map, etc.), as well as the headings, labels and axes. 3. Identify ‘what’ (main point). Do not simply repeat the information. 4, Identify ‘wither (trend) or ‘how’ (comparison of entities, as proportions in a pie chart). 5. Identify exceptions (highest, lowest values). 6. Organize your speech into general content, main idea and conclusion/implications after making notes 7. Dont stop speaking as the microphone will close after 3 seconds of silence. Iv is beter to use fillers Tike umm, eh... ete 8. Speak when you hear a tone prompting you to speak. 2.6.5. Tips for Maximizing Score (Content) To geta score of 5 out of 5, describe 1. all elements of the image 2. their relationships, possible development 3. conclusion or implications 2.7 | Re-tell Lecture Note: | There are generally 2-3 questions based on this question type. es QD Track 3: Play the CD to listen to the related recording.CHAPTER 2: SPEAKING MODULE This is how the slide looks like in the actual exam. a ee es can LAAT AS Ieee ees Rarer oa emPTE ADVANTAGE Solution Taking Notes: Dengue necessitate hospitaliz mosquito bite ... serious and painful ... even death ... two severe forms no vaccine ... treatment ... reducing fever ... supplying blood platelets no mosquito bite ... long sleeve shirt ... mosquito repellant... mosquito control best treatment Main Points/Summary. Dengue, caused by mosquito bite, is a serious and painful disease that may even result in death of the patient. Two types of the disease, Shock Syndrome and Hemorthagic Fever, are particularly dangerous and necessitate hospitalization. ‘There is no preventive vaccine for the disease. ‘The only cure is keeping the fever and the blood platelets under control. And the only prevention is keeping the mosquitoes under check and avoid being bitten by them. 2.7.1 Tips for Re-tell Lecture 1. The time for the recording to start is controlled by the system. Use this time to preview the image. Ik often gives you a general idea about the topic. It can often help you predict what you are going to hear about. You can use the time which you are provided with before the lecture begins to think about the related vocabulary. 2. While listening, take notes for clue words and short phrases (two-three words). Donit try co write down long sentences let you miss out on main points to follow. 3. Use the 10 second preparation time allowed to formulate your answer. 4, While speaking, focus on the main points of the lecture ~ not one main point, but all the main points. Try to start with the topic sentence. 5. "Try to cover these main points in just 40 seconds ~ no less, no more. The clock will come handy. 6. Do not hesitate oF stop mid-way to correct yourself. 7. Dontt stop speaking as the microphone will close after 3 seconds of silence. It is better to use fill- crs, such as umm, eh..., etc. 8. Speak when you hear a tone prompting you to speak. 2.7.2 Tips for Maximizing Score (Content) To get 5 marks out of 5, 1, retell all points of the presentation and describe characters, aspects and actions 2. their relationships, the underlying development 3. implications and conclusions 4, Take short notes (two-three words) during the lecture to note down all the key points._ bility for weakening the “art of conversation”, but no matter the source, ou interpersonal, family [x __ and civic lives are in jeopardy. With much of the media creating adrenalin-triggering content to keep viewers in a constant state of urgency and drama, what i lost is our sense of commonality, wholeness and shared understanding, Most people sense that we live in an age of boundless potential, yee are Faced with a variety of ongoing and impending crises with no clear solutions. ~ Hints: Caught in this morass of information overload, we don' have time to think and sort weakening the “art of conversation” 3. Small businesses who decide that they want to sell their product to other countries may have a hard time because their product is not as well known as the ones that have that “brand name” on © them, Knowing this can be very discouraging. Also, not knowing how to go about getting one's business into other countries can be discouraging. Sometimes simple research to make a business ° better is needed. If ic is difficule for an owner to obtain this information, it is very hard for them to find and understand how to get started in a global markerplace, why they should go global, and what managerial practices are needed to make their international business successful. Small businesses also have to understand that there are many other things that they have to consider before they go global such as understanding direct investments, partnerships, joint ventures, and the use of new technologies. All this combined may turn people off to globalization because it seems like just too much work for that small town business,PTE ADVANTAGE Hints: bow to get started in a global marketplace, why they should go global there are many other things that they have to consider before they go global ¥ urn people off to globalization because ie seems like just too much work 3. Govt. can bind people to its chosen course for a time but the impositions cannot limit their options for long. The quarter century that has passed since commencement of the effort to redesign the Chinese family, is leaving behind its own trail. The Government needs to be careful now. Tt has to invent new remedies to address this problem. It needs to redesign the social fabric so that programs like ‘Care for Girls’ gets support of the masses, which seem to have little faith in the system. They view the new program for the girl child in the same resigned manner as the program that was forced on them in the past. Some women social workers are of the view that the fall of sex ratio has been an advantage for the women of China, as their social value has increased. The Government policy has in a way helped uplifi the status of females. The real fear now is that China ~ will soon be faced with hordes of bachelors at war with their brethren over finding their brides. “The “surplus sons” of China need to stop interfering with the social system. Ee Hints: A effort to redesign the Chinese family is leaving behind its own trait L China will son be faced with hordes of bachelors over finding their Brides = 4, Last week in a college seminar, I heard the new generation people debating about marriage’s true meaning. One of them put forch the argument that marriage was to bear someone elses action) yourself. Are you ready to bear someone else's doing or asking someone else to bear your doing Young people do not really understand this institution. Till today even educated girls accept the ~/ first proposal that their parents suggest. Here you are not being asked to defy your parents, but at least some homework needs to be done. You should at least know the person you are going to ~ spend your life with. This type of acceptance is escapism where you want the parents to bear the brunt of anything that goes wrong. You should go in for the necessary preparations before you accept any proposal. The fear of finding a wrong partner yourself makes you desperate for such 2 decision. You should be confident as it is your life which is at stake. Hints: i debating about marriages true meaning =(CHAPTER 3: WRITING MODULE reser 7 a4 Young people do not really understand this institution The fear of finding a wrong partner yourself makes you desperate for such a decision. You should be confident as it is your life which is at stake. Write Essay 1, More and more people have started buying ready to eat food and less people cook for themselves. ‘What are che advantages and disadvantages of such development? Give reasons for your answer and include any relevant examples from your own knowledge or experience Outline: Understand the topic: ‘Buying’ food replacing ‘cooking’ food Introduction: Fast food- convenience food ~ gaining popularity Advantages: easy to makeluse ~ no need to plan ~ tasty too Disadvantages: makes you lazy — expensive ~ you are never sure about the contents Conclusion: No doubt saves time ~ good for a change, but difficult co digest on a daily basis - betrer to eat fresh ~ enhances healthy life 2, Will the Internet bring a new freedom of information and will this freedom narrow the technology gap? Use specific reasons and examples to support your answer. Outline: Understand the topic: New freedom to bridge technology gap Introduction: Interaction between humans and computers increased - access to information ~ trans- forming society Body. © Bridging the gap ~ eliminating power differentials + Literacy levels improved — e-education has become inexpensive + Easy to access internet ~ hence easy to use info from libraries etc. Conclusion: Today knowledge is power -helping to bridge the gap between the haves and have-nots 3._Ifcountres ae serious about solving trafic problems, they should tax private cars very heavily and use the money to provide fice or very cheap rail rave To what extent do you agree? Use specific reasons and examples to support your answer.RE =: svanrtace Outline: Understand the topic: Taxes on private cars to finance cheap public transport Introduction: Traffic problems — causing congestion — especially during peak hours - better to use public transport Body: * Taxes imposed would discourage car owners — people encouraged to use public transport “Taxes imposed can improve bad road or rail infrastructure - old public transport can be improved ‘Waiting time for public transport ~ also, distance to the nearest pick-up point — loss of freedom Conclusion: Promote well ~ keep public convenience a priority ~ otherwise will create its own problems 4, Should rich countries pay more for environmental damage? Give reasons for your answer and include any relevant examples from your own knowledge or experience. Outline: Understand the topic: Why should | should not rich countries pay more for environmental damage? Introduction: Environmental damage is the illegitimate child of induserialization —both rich and poor ‘countries share equal blame for brisk pace — but rich countries started much earlier and polluted much ‘more —even today, they contribute more to environmental damage Bedi: Rich countries much more responsible for damage done; even in poor countries MNCs Rich countries ina better financial position — they also guzale more energy Ieis imperative for tich countries to take a stand and the lead — others will follow them Conclusion: Both rich and poor countries equally affected; poor countries too cannot close their eyes; they also need to answer future generations 5. Each country should have a free health service, even if this means that the latest medical ereat- ‘ments may not be available through the service because they are too expensive. ‘To what extent do you agree? Give reasons. Outline: Understand the topic: \s it a balance between efficiency and universality? Introduction: 1s the rising cost of health care not a major problem for many countries? We have so many rights; why not have right co healeh? Body. ‘+ The paradox - World driven by advancement in medical field — yer people deprived of health services ~ medicines are becoming better ~ but the cost is killing‘CHAPTER 3: WRITING MODULE aT * The resource crunch - due to population explosion ~ difficult to cater wo all the needs + Need for basic care forall plus premium care for those that can afford Conclusion: A right no onc should be deprived of — need to have a healthy and wealthy nation because loss of health is loss of productivity. fe oa Practice Exercis ‘Summarize Written Text Read the passage below and summarize it using one sentence. You have 10 minutes to finish this task, Your response will be judged on the quality of your writing and on how well your response presets the key points in the passage. 1. Probably it began with the disappearance of five Navy planes in 1945. Logic states they vanished due co bad weather and failure of compass field. ‘The trainee pilots lacked the expertise to face the sudden ordeal. The other declaration was that the planes collapsed duc to fucl shortage. But in no way any mystery element coincides. This has been a revered subject for writers as a lot of written material can be found about it. Its perhaps surprising that no one took the investigation on the mystery. Rather they all cashed this mystery to write their best sellers. They passed these derivations of the past without pondering on them. Slowly Bermuda Triangle mystery evolved as.a farce as these irresponsible authors did not foresee how their accounts would change a mych into a eruth in public eye. The mass media too played in phlegmatic acitude in solving this. They plundered the mystery element to spice up their news items, Soon the superstitious called ie che “Devils Triangle’. Some considered it to be the alien's domain and some called the Atlantis the cursed water which gobbled whoever came across. But it’s a fact that all chese exaggerations have helped co lend fear and fascination to the world’s greatest mystery the Bermuda Triangle. 2. Music means a pleasing modulation of sounds. The poets and novelists have used the term for fig- trative sense - as the music of forest, the music of the brook. Music has to do with cones, sounds selected on account of their musical quality and relations. These tones again, before becoming music in che artistic sense, must be so joined together, set in order, controlled by the human imagination, that they express sentiment. Every manifestation of musical art has two elements: first a befitting selection of tones and, second, the use of them for expressing sentiments and feelings. Hence, the practical art of music like every other fine art has its two elements an outer or technical, where trained intelligence rules, and eaching and study are the principal means of progress; and an inner, the imagination and musical feeling, which can indeed be strengthened by judicious experience in hearing, but which when wanting cannot be supplied by the teacher or the laws of their action reduced to satisfactory statement. 3. As itis, there are no such mountains. The whole tract is nearly level, and so little elevated above the sea, that, at the distance of many hundred miles in che interior, the land rises only to the height of a few hundred feet above the surface of the Mediterranean; whereas in New Grenada, at less than one hundred miles from the sea, the chain of the Andes rises to elevations of from ten toWET = ao vantace 5. fificen thousand feet. Such an ascent as that ofa few hundred feet in hundreds of miles would be “wholly imperceptible to any ordinary mode of observation; and the great rainless region, one vast plain, an immense expanse of silence and solicude, but fora single interval of fruitfulness and life. South of the great rainless region lie groups and ranges of mountains in Abyssinia. These mountains are near the equator and che relation they sustain co the surrounding seas, and to currents of ‘wind which blow in that quarter of the world, is such that they bring down from the atmosphere, ‘specially in certain scasons of the yeat, vast and continual torrents of rain. The water which thus falls drenches the mountain sides and deluges the valleys. There is a great portion of it which ‘cannot flow to the southward or eastward toward the sea, as the whole country consists, in those directions, of continuous tracts of elevated land. The rush of water thus turns to the northward, and, pressing on across the desert through the great central valley which we have referred to above, it finds an outle, at last, in the Mediterranean, at a point two thousand miles distane from the place where the immense condenser drew it from the skies. The river thus created is the Nile, eis formed, in a word, by the surplus waters ofa district inundated with rains, in their progress across arainless desert, seeking the sea. “The best chings in an artist’ work are so much a matter of intuition, that chere is much to be said for the point of view that would altogether discourage intellectual inquiry into artistic phenomena on the part of the artist. Intuitions are shy things and are bound to disappear if looked into too closely. And there is undoubtedly a danger that too much knowledge and training may supplant the natural intuitive feeling of a student, leaving only a cold knowledge of che means of expression in its place. For the artist, if he has the right stuff in him, has a consciousness, in doing his best work, of something, as Ruskin has said, “not in him but through him.” He has been, as it were, but the agent through which it has found expression. Talent can be described as “that which wwe have,” and Genius as “chat which has us.” Novy although we may have little control over this power that “has us,” and although ie may be as well to abandon oneself unreservedly to its influ- tence, there can be little doube as to its being the business ofthe artist to see to it that his talent be so developed, that he may prove a fit instrument for the expression of whatever it may be given him to express; while it must be left to his individual temperament to decide how far it is advisable to pursue any intellectual analysis of the elusive chings that are the true matter of art. Superstition gives us the freedom to connect everything, even things litle known to us. People foresee cheir future in the planets, some dates are auspicious, some numbers can be unpropitious, black cats predice disaster. We fear these things because their effect, if there are any, are little known. We cannot peek into of relate much to the future; so we are superstitious about it. IFwe cannot learn about a relationship, does that mean it does not exist? On seeing a tiger, our sight accepts its existence and on heating its roar also the existence of tiger can be accepted. We van see the results of high currents and infer or presume their existence from the ultimate wreckage, So we as human beings have a marked correlation mechanism. But our knowledge is limited. Whatever four sense of assessment of correlations, there can always be a new amazing insight in connection with the idea. We cannot say we have evolved with the perfect and satisfactory derivation, as all ‘our knowing is also limited._ CHAPTER 3: WRITING MODULE Pamseoc tl All Aristorelian, Newtonian works and physical theories divulge connections which were unim- ed before their revelation, Such people developed new tools to establish connectivity and slowly (> developed a theory in the bargain. So we can say, probably all superstitions could turn tomorrow's science given the right treatment. Relationships of Earth with the moon, the sun, the planets were all © based on superstitions in pre historic times but people worked on these superstitions and slowly a real relation based on science was derived. All superstitions were shed and real theory evolved. So we can say superstitions are possibly the mother to most of scientific theories. 6. The people who advocate universal brotherhood often feel non violence to be the essence of life. ‘They consider itas much a means to achieve success and win over the evil-doer, as an end in itself because of its ultimate virtue. They believe it to be their moral duty to respect every individual irrespective of his social status or his socio-political leanings or even his evil deeds. Every human © being should be treated with love and care, whatever evil he must have committed or threatened the other with. A pacifist can in no way deny respect and love to a person who does evil. A pacifist has no belief though, in indulgence in violence or destructive activities, There is complete line of demarcation becween the deed and the doer. Love is for the doer and the aim is conversion of the force of the deed. This respect for the evil doer can only lend strength to the feeling of brotherhood. Mahatma Gandhi stands out as a leader of this philosophy of pacifism and non violence. He propagated this and achieved success in gaining freedom for India from the British yoke. Non violence does not yield quick results though. The purpose would be achieved slowly and the great victory attained. This moral force is powerful enough to bring out the goodness finally. Gandhi's movement in India is a living evidence of this. 7. ‘The treasure of wisdom and science, which all men dese by an instinct of nature, infinitely surpasses all the riches ofthe world: in respect of which precious stones are worthless; in comparison With which silver is clay and pure gold is just little sands at whose splendor the sun and the moon ‘ate darks compared with whose marvelous sweetness honey is bitter to the taste. In books I find > the dead as if they were alive: in books I foresee chings to come; in books warlike affairs are set forth; from books come forth the laws of peace. We must consider what pleasantness of teaching there is in books, how easy, how secret! How safely we lay bare the poverty of human ignorance to books without feeling any shame! They are masters who instruct us without rod or ferule, without angry words, without money. The value of books is unspeakable; no deamness of price ought to hinder a man from the buying of books, if he has the money that is demanded for them, unless it be to withstand the malice of the seller or ro await a more favorable opportunity of buying, For if © itis wisdom only that makes the price of books, which is an infinite treasure to mankind, and if the value of books is immeasurable, how shall the bargain be shown to be deat where an infinite © good is being bought? ~The principal object of nearly every previous discussion of the intermarriage of kindred, has been either to prove or to disprove some alleged injurious effect upon the offspring. The writers who have treated the subject may be divided into three groups. First, those who have maintained in accordance with popular opinion that consanguinity per se is a cause of degeneracy or that in © some mysterious way kinship of the parents produces certain diseases in the children. Second, those who have flatly contradicted this position and have asserted that on the whole such mar-PTE ADVANTAGE 9. 10. riages are beneficial, and that crossing isin itself injurious to the race, although they admit that where degencrate conditions exis in the parents consanguinity in marriage may not be beneficial. ‘The third group holds hac cousin marriages in themselves, especially if not carried through too ‘many generations, are not harmful, but chat if any hereditary tendency to malformation or disease ~~ exists in the family of the parents, this tendency, inherited through both parents is strongly inten, sified in the offspring, and that consequently an increased percentage of the offspring of cousin ~ marriage may be afflicted with herediary diseases. On the whole this theory seems to be the most 5 reasonable one. Persons do not become a society by living in physical proximity, any more than a man ceases to be socially influenced by being so many feet or miles removed from others. A book ora leter may institute a more intimate association between human beings separated thousands of miles from ~ cach other than exists between dwellers under the same roof. Individuals do not even compose a social group because they all work for 2 common end. ‘The parts of a machine work with a maxi- — ‘mum of cooperativeness for a common result, but they do not form 2 community. If, however, they were all cognizant of the common end and all interested in ic so that they regulated their specific activity in view of it, then they would form a community. But this would involve com- / munication. Each would have to know what the other was about and would have to have some way of keeping the other informed as to his own purpose and progress. Consensus demands com- ~ ‘We are thus compelled to recognize that within even the most social group there are many relations ~ that are notas yet social. A laige number of human relationships in any social group are still upon the J rmachine-like plane. Individuals use one another so as co get desired results, withouc reference to the ‘emotional and intellectual disposition and consent of those used. Such uses express physical superior ity or superiority of position, skill, technical ability, and command of tools, mechanical ot fiscal. So far as the relations of parent and child, teacher and pupil, employer and employee, governor and gov- ‘med, remain upon this level, they form no true social group, no matter how closely their respective activities touch one another. Giving and taking of orders modifies action and results, but does not of itself effect a sharing of purposes, 2 communication of interests “The firs fact chat stands out clearly as a characteristic of social life is activity. Everybody seems to be doing something. There are a few among che population, like vagrants and the idle rich, who are parasites, but even they sustain relations to others that require a certain sort of effort. Activity seems fundamental, It needs but a hasty survey to show how general it is, Farmers are cultivating their broad acres, woodsmen are chopping and hewing, miners are drilling in underground chambers, and the products of farm, forest, and mine are finding their way to the great distributing centers. In the town the machinery of mill and factory keepe busy thousands of operatives, and tums out manufactured products to compete with the products of the soil for right of way to the ‘World. Busiese of all are the throngs that thread the streets of the great centers, and pour in and ~ ‘out of stores and offices. Men rush from one person to another, and interview one after another the business houses with which they maintain connection; women swarm about the counters of the department stores and find ac the same time social satisfaction and pecuniary rewards children(CHAPTER 3: WRITING MODULE nm in hundreds pour into the intellectual hopper of the schoolroom and from there to the playground. Everybody is busy, and everybody is sceking personal profit and satisfaction, Write Essay You will have 20 minutes to plan, write and revise an essay abou the topics below. Your response will be Judged on how well you develop, « position, organize your ideas, present supporting details, and control the elements of standard written English. You should write 200-300 words 1. Science without religion is lame and religion without science is blind, Discuss the extent to which you agree or disagree with this statement. Support your point of view with reasons and/or exam ples from your own experience or observations. 2. A permanent seat in the UN Security Council is neither necessary nor sufficient for India to become world power. Discuss the extent to which you agree or disagree with this statement. Sup- port your point of view with reasons and/or examples from your own experience or observations. 3. In the 21st century, development is increasingly being associated with manufacturing and service industry. Is the loss of importance of agriculture a risky phenomenon for elementary needs like food security? Support your point of view with reasons and/or examples from your own expeti- ence or observations. Should developed nations bear a disproportionate part of the costs involved in fighting global warming? After all they are the ones that brought Mother Earth to this stage, in the first place. Or is it the equal responsibility ofall the nations to foor the bill equitably since the ill-effects of global ‘warming are not going to spare anyone. Which point of view do you agree with and why? Support your point of view with reasons and/or examples from your own experience or observations. 5. Any nation, big or small, aspiring to develop, will need to invest in human capital, ic. health and education. Yet the poorer nations of the world do not have the resources to achieve this. Is it the ‘moral duty of richer nations to provide assiscance in these areas? Support your point of view with reasons and/or examples from your own experience or observations. 6. Given the resource crunch, the poorer countries face the dilemma of feeding the people o: ing in their long term welfare. Should the highest priority for government funding be given to meet immediate needs or to fund long term growth like education and healch? Which of these, do you believe is more important? Support your point of view with reasons and/or examples from your own experience or observations. 7. When so many children around the world are malnourished, when so many poor ate deprived of the basic necessities of life, when so much remains to be done to improve the lot of the common people, are the governments justified to spend large amounts of money in weapons to defend ‘themselves though they are not at war? Support your point of view with reasons and/or examples from your own experience or observations. Forests are the lungs of the earth. To destroy the world’s forests is to descroy our fueure. Discuss the extent to which you agree or disagree with this statement. Support your point of view with reasons and/or examples from your own experience or observations. vestBEE 1 avantace % 10. Mu. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. More and more people are migrating fom poor to rich countries and are settling down there per- manently. This is already giving rise to some social and political issues in counties. Discuss some such issues that are likely to come up in the 2st century. Give reasons and/or examples from your own experience or observations. More and more qualified people are migrating from poor to rich countries to fill vacancies in specialist areas like engineering, computing and medicine. Does this farther enrich the developed countries while impoverishing the poor counties which are more in need of the services of these specialists? What arguments do people give for and against this brain drain? Which opinion do you support? Give reasons and/or examples from your own experience or observations, With the disintegration of che joint family system in traditional societies like India, taking care of the elderly people at home (say, old parents) is increasingly becoming a problem, particularly when the adult children are all working professionals. Is provision of retirement homes the solution to the problem? Discuss all aspects of the problem citing reasons and examples from your ‘own experience or observations. ‘Uneil what age should people be encouraged to remain in paid employment? State your opinion and support it with reasons and/or examples from your own experience or observations, ‘Worldwide economic development and damage to the environment go hand in hand and the latter is a natural consequence of the former. Discuss the extent to which you agree or disagree with this statement. Support your point of view with reasons and/or examples from your own experi- cence or observations. Education is justifiably deemed as the Future of any society in today’s world. Therefore, education up to the secondary level should be made compulsory and free. Discuss the extent to which you agree or disagree with this statement. Support your point of view with reasons and/or examples from your own experience or observations ‘Are universities merely training grounds for employment and building careers, and are university courses meant solely to meet the economic needs of society? State your opinion and support it with reasons and/or examples from your own experience or observations. ‘Women make better parents than men and so have greater role in raising children, Discuss the extent to which you agree or disagree with this statement. Support your point of view with reasons and/or examples from your own experience or observations. “The best way co use public money to reduce unemployment in a country is to provide every ‘unemployed person a mobile phone and free access to the Internet. Discuss the extent to which you agree or disagree with this statement. Support your point of view with reasons and/or examples from your own experience or observations. Should the media, such as che prcss, TV and Internet be monitored and regulated through a central authority? State your opinion and support it with reasons and/or examples from your own experience or observations. Governments are talking about setting up smart cities or even cyber cities. These cities are supposed to solve the problems associated with overgrown old cities and improve the quality of life and workplace. What are the advantages and disadvantages of the building the all new smartCHAPTER 3: WRITING MODULE 20. 21. 22, 23. 24, 25. 29. cities? Support your point of view with reasons and/or examples from your own experience or observations. English is being used more and more as a world language, while the older local languages are increasingly being squeezed and even dying out. Many people feel fewer languages or even a com- ‘mon link language promotes harmony and understanding among people. Do you agree? Support your point of view with reasons and/or examples from your own experience or observations. Elders believe that young people today spend too much time inside home, watching television and playing video games rather than spending it outside engaging in physical activities. Discuss the extent to which you agree or disagree wich this statement. Support your point of view with reasons andlor examples from your own experience or observations. Some people believe that history has no value in the contemporary world. But some believe that wwe sill nced history to learn from che past. State your opinion and support it with reasons and/or examples from your own experience or observations. Many species of animals all around the world are on the verge of extinction. People from different countries argue that we should lend a helping hand to them. But others argue that we should focus on the problems faced by humans. State your opinion and suppore it with reasons and/or examples from your own experience or observations. Some people believe that schools should reward those students who show excellent academic performance while some believe that only the ones who show the significant improvement in grades should also be rewarded. What are the advantages and the disadvantages of both? Support your point of view with reasons and/or examples from your own experience or observations. In certain countries, the number of people who use bikes as the main means of transport is reduc ing even though itis beneficial both physically and environmentally. What can be the reasons for this change in preference? How can people be encouraged co use bikes? Discuss all aspects of the problem citing reasons and examples from your own experience or observations. Some people think that subjects like arts, music, drama and creative writing contribute moze towards a child’ overall development. The school curriculum should provide more time for these subjects to be taught if ie wants the all-round development of children in school. Discuss the extent to which you agree or disagree with this statement. Support your point of view with reasons and/or examples from your own experience or observations. Ic is believed that there is a negative impact of tourism on tourist spots which is majorly due to the behavior of people who visie there. Why do you think thar people behave badly when they visic some places? What measures can be taken up to resolve this issue? Support your point of view with reasons and/or examples from your own experience or observations. Some people believe that children should be made disciplined by making them obey rules and do what cheir parents and teachers want them to do. Others however believe that those children who are controlled are not well-prepared to tackle che challenges life brings to them. State your ‘opinion and support it with reasons andior examples from your own experience or observations. Ieis believed that students studying in secondary school and high school should be taught how co manage money as ic isan importanc life skill. Discuss the extent to which you agree or disagreeRTE #1 Aovanrace 30. 31. 22s 33. 35. 36. with this statement. Support your poine of view with reasons and/or examples from your own experience or observations. Mobile phone usage is held responsible for a lot of medical, social and technical problems. What forms do these problems take? Do you agree that the problems outweigh the advantages offered by mobile phones? Discuss all aspects of the problem cicing reasons and examples from your own experience or observations. Some people think that the amount of noise should be strictly controlled. Others believe one should be fiee to make as much noise as one wishes. Stare your opinion and support it with reasons and/or examples from your own experience or observations. In the past, everyone wore clothes according to their culture but now people wear similar clothes all around the world. Is this a positive or a negative development? State your opinion and support it with reasons and/or examples from your own experience or observations. Nowadays, marketers have left no stone unturned to entice customers. Certain fast food companies and restaurants now tie up with schools to endorse their products. Discuss the extent to which you agree or disagree with this statement. Support your point of view with reasons and/or examples from your own experience or observations. Some people are of the view that industries and multinational companies should pay for the cost ‘of ways to clean up the pollution they have created and not the government. Discuss the extent to which you agree or disagree with this statement. Support your point of view with reasons and/or ‘examples from your own experience or observations. ‘With the increase in transport and accommodation problems in many cities, some governments are encouraging businesses ¢o move to rural areas. Do you think the advantages of this ourweigh its disadvantages? Discuss all aspects of the problem citing reasons and examples from your own experience or observations Some people believe thae giving support ro the local community is more favorable than giving ic oa charitable organization. Support your point of view with reasons and/or examples from your ‘own experience or observations.Reading Module 4.1 | Introduction Reading in PTE (Academic) consists of short reading passages (texts). Your comprehension of the texts is tested in various ways. You may be asked to pick one or mare answer to.a question prompt that secks information on what you read. Or the statements in the text, otherwise part of a running paragraph, ‘may be presented in a jumbled sequence, and you are expected to put them back in the correct sequence based on structural and logical flow of the original text. Or the text may be provided with gaps, and filers/distracters provided separately for you to choose from and complete the natural flow of the origi- ral text, The question forms may be different but what is being tested essentially is whether you are able to catch the flow of che idea(s) discussed, particularly the main point of the argument. 4.2 | Structure of Reading Test Time Allowed 32Al mines Five Parts art 1+ Mulkiplechoice choose single answer (23 items) Part 2: Multiple-choice, choose mulriple answers (2-3 items) Part 5: Reading and writing: fil in the blanks (5-6 irems) 4.2.1 Question Types 1. Mulkiple-choice, choose single answer 2. Multiple-choice, choose multiple answers 3. Re-order paragraphs 4, Reading: Fill in the blanks 5. Reading and writing: Fill in the blanksWE 1 Ao vantace [Link] Overview of Reading Test Question Type Task ‘Skills Assessed | Prompt Length ‘Malkiple choice, Read che vextand select one suitable | Reading Up w 110 words choose single answer | response to 2 multiple choice question based upon the tone or content of the text Maliple-choice, Read the text and select more than one | Reading Up 10 300 words choose multiple suitable response to a multiple choice answers ‘question based upon the tone or content of the text Re-order paragraphs | Many rex boxes appear in random order_| Reading Up to 150 words on the sreen. Rearrange the text boxes in correct order. Reading fillin the | A texe with several gaps appears on the | Reading Up © 80 words blanks screen fil in the blanks by dragging, words from the box given below. Reading and wating: | A text with several gaps appear on the | Readingand | Up co 300 words fill n che blanks screen; fill the gaps choosing the correct | Writing ‘option from the given drop down lise 4.2.2 Sh 1 2 3. ls Assessed Understanding the writers viewpoint and answering the question accordingly. Identifying and retrieving faceual information from the given passage. Understanding the main ideas of a passage by recognizing ways of linking ideas, sentences and paragraphs. 4.2.3. General Tips 6. Read for a purpose. Read for the key point(s). Look for the clue words in the question or the passage. ‘Try to relate unfamiliar words with the texe and/or with other similar words 50 as to guess the meanings. In all the slides shown below, take note both of the “Time Remaining” at the top right hand corner and “Next” button at the bottom right hand comer, Both are very important, one indicating, the time you are lefe with (the items are not separately timed), and the other emphasizing the urgency to go to the next item without losing time. ‘Also note the number of items you are left with in this section (mentioned underneath the time remaining).CHAPTER 4: READING MODULE 4.3 | Multiple-Choice, Choose Single Answer ‘This is how the slide looks like in the actual exam. ‘There may be very few and far between eases of virgin births in tumans and mostly ensconced in mythology; but cases of virgin births have been observed in animals. These births have surprised the scientists and common in alike Some time back, a female white spotted bamboo shark ave birth to two babies ina 200; it came as a shock to the ‘200 keepers as she had lived in the 00 alone forthe last six years. Iti a known fact that animals are eapable of laying ‘gs without mating; but these eggs are infertile, In the case of sharks, it was observed that these species use an intemal fertilization process to produce their young ones ‘This has been recorded only in about 70 species of vertebrates (only about 0.1 percent of the total). Lizards have been known in nature 10 utilize this mode, but seeing ini the ease of higher vertebrates has surprised many, Tatcare te Zerccevanponte Smionevorponaels The case of virgin births among sharks surprised the scientists because such births were © mythological © egg-laying © rare among higher vertebrates © common among lizards TT STL RL ET EL 4.3.1 Tips for Multiple-Choice, Choose Single Answer 1. The question could pertain to the main idea, or detail, or inference, purpose, organization. 2. Skim the text to get an overview of the ‘Main Point’ 3. Then scan the question along with the options. 4. Now read through the text to catch the answer. 5. In case of difficulty, eliminate as many options as you can. 6 Try to relate but do not worry much about unfamiliar words. 7. Dont leave the question unanswered. “The key to find the answer is to catch the key words of the written text. An easy way to do this isto locate phrases that most options use. The answer will most likely lie among such options. Eliminate patiently incorrect options by simply using a yes/no format. Choose the one that you are not able toWBE Fe Aovanrace "SS (Refer to text given in screenshot on the previous page) Solution Main Point: Virgin births in animals surprised scientists, case of a species of sharks, fertile eggs known in the case of lizards, but surprising in case of higher vertebrates. Question: Why surprising? Answer: It is known in the case of lizards, but surprising in case of higher vertebrates. 4.4 | Multiple-Choice, Choose Multiple Answers This is how the slide looks like in the actual examination. Tn the almost our billion years since life onthe earth caved into cislence, volun hte generted sone marvslus Imetamorpnoses. One ofthe ios spestacelar i suey that which prodiced tenes eeatues eating limbs, fingers and tes from Iratechound fish with fine, Todsy, this group, he tetapods, ‘nsompasses everthing fom bids ul their dinnsaor ancestor 10 Taars nokss, tt, fogs and mamas, inluding ws. Some of these animals hve modified or fst hee Libs, but thir sommon ancestor had them ~ two i he fat and two Hn the Back, where fins on licked insted. The replacement of fins with ibs Was a ‘racial tp in tis rnsfeation, Bui was by no means the only fone. As teapots vented onto shor, they eacounired challenges that no vericate bad ever faced beter it wasnt jst a mater of devslping legs and walking away. Land isa radically diferent ‘medium fom wae, and to congue i tetrapods had to evolve nove ways to breathe, hes and contend with gravity ~ te ist goes ‘on, Once this exten makeover reached completion, however, the and woe hero explo ‘Until abou 50 years ago, pleostlogits understood very Tite about he sequence of evens tha made up the sation from ‘sh w trap. We hae an wana ha ewe en Goh wth Aeshy fine akin to toa’ Kingfish and coelseanth, a rlation fst proposed by Arneican paleontologist Edward. Cope in the ale 19th conty, But the dts of thi serial sit emai hidden fevanesand seas un yeti ie ‘Which afte ftlowing statement an be derived om the aiven ext? 1 Tetapods ae closely linkedin appenrance to watr-bound fish 12 Moving sound on land is much more difclt that in ‘The snosstors of taped had ibs similar to those oF ssaer-bound fh 1D The ettapods eve mnt four ilion years a. Linle was known til zecatly how ietrapods evolved fom fick from view eSCHAPTER 4: READING MODULE _. 4.4.1. Tips for Multiple-Choice, Choose Multiple Answers 1. “The question could pertain to the main idea, or deal, or inference, purpose, organization, 2. Skim the text to get an overview of the ‘Main Point’. 3, Then scan the question along with the options. 4. Now read through the text to catch the answer, 5. Incase of difficulty, eliminate as many options as you can. 6. Try to relate but do not worry too much about unfamiliar words © 7. Beware! This is a question with a negative marking. Dont select an option unless you are confident. “The key to find the answers isto catch the key words of the written text. Eliminate patiently the incor- “> rect options by simply using a yes/no format. Keep all the options that outwardly seem to be correct. No more than three options (often only two) will be correct. So, filter out options that are corrupted by use of incorrect or irrelevant words/phrases. 4.4.2. Tips for Maximizing Score “This question type attracts deduction of points in case a wrong answer is selected. Yet itis very impor- > tanto note that the minimum score for the question asa whole is ero. So, simple strategy to maximize score is to choose only the answer(s) you are sure about and not to neutralize the positive score(s) by © earning minus point(s). Pick an answer if you are sure; skip an answer if you are not. "Sefer to text given in screenshot on the previous page) Solution Mein Poins: How terrestrial creatures evolved from water-bound fish © Key words: etrapods, modified limbs, erucial for terrestrial existence, initial challenges, little known sequence of events until recently Elimination: close in appearance (only similar limbs) moving on land difculs (it was only initially): > tetrapods evolved four billion years ago (life, not tetrapods) Answers: Ancestors had similar limbs _ Eittle was known till recentlyEON Pre aovanrace 4.5 | Re-order Paragraphs ‘This is how the slide looks like in the actual exam. 4.5.1 Tips for Re-order Paragraphs 1. Skim each text to get a general idea of the topic. 2. Look for grammatical/syntactic connectors/markers (noun-pronoun; article; and/but; later; firstly, secondly, et). 3. Make links like DA, BC, to mark sentences that occur together. 4. Note that all the texts are part of one big paragraph. Find the beginning of che big paragraph. 5. Be sure to re-read all the texts after sequencing them. Seart by making pairs. Choose one text thac will come afer the other. Note that if A comes after B, it need not come immediately aftr B. The sequence could be BA or BCA or BDA. For BCA to be correct, something in A must refer to something in C also. ‘When once you think you have found out the correct sequence, make sure to re-read all the texts in the chosen sequence and see if they make sense. 4.5.2 Tips for Maximizing Score ‘As per PTE guidelines, one point is awarded for “each pair of correct adjacent text boxes”, So, the trick lies in geting che pairing right. This ensures that even if your final answer is notall right, you get creditCHAPTER 4: READING MODULE _-for the pare that you arranged right. Also, if you are able to get at least two pairs right, itis highly likely that you get the whole answer right. ol Ss (Refer to text given in screenshot on the previous page) __ Solution Grammatical Markers: Happiest and most usefcl, besides, best ofall ‘Sequencing: Thinking about work happiest and most usd: ... happiness of knowle friendships... besides good (useful) things in lif... best ofall satisfaction of Answers DACB _.4.6 | Reading: Fill in the Blanks (This is how the slide looks like in the actual exam. ptt ats sp worse misrng. Ong word rr the or below oh apprepite pce th tnt To unde ar newer, (Segment echo bo sow te The practical at of musi like every other] at has itso elements an outer o echnical, where tained intelligence rules, and teaching and [———] are the principal means of progress; and an [——] the imagination and musical feeling, which can indeed be srengthened by judicious experience in hearing, but ‘which when wanting cannot be supplied by the [——] or the laws of performance, a 0 (re et4.6.1. Tips for Reading: Fill in the Blanks 1. Skim the text to get the flow. 2. Look for clue words to fill each blank (and, but, while, etc.). 3. Eliminate ungrammatical/illogical words among the options. 4. Always stare with the fillers that you are sure about. First fil the easier ones and then predict fillers for the rest. 5. Keep eliminating (progressively) the words that you have used and the words you will not use. ~ 6. Never leave the question unanswered. 7. In English, chere are many words often used cogether. These are known as collocations. For exam-~ ple, though strong and powerful are synonyms, in English we can use the former to qualify tea_ and the latter for computer and not vice-versa. So, an awareness of collocation can help you arrive at the right answer. 8. Your knowledge of grammar can also help you get the right answer. For example, certain preposi tions can help you judge the correct word for the blank. 7 “Try to understand the flow of the text and predict the answers. Make sure also to predict Part of the Speech for the filler, that is, whether you need a noun, a verb or an adjective. extS (Refer to text given in sereenshot on the previous page) Solution (Clue Words/Markers: music, like any other (fine) art; an outer...and an (inner); trained intelligence (reaching and practice); (study) or the laws of performance Easy Eliminators: achievement and sound v Answer: fine (art), practice, (an) inner, study 4.7 | Rea ig and Writi ll in the Blanks ~ ‘This is how the slide looks like in the actual exam.CHAPTER 4: READING MODULE Exes) Museums contain specimens of lace and history ncudes a scatere | oF lace which proves Frere od ~_Uniquein design. For modem laces | tre best featurezofthelaces that have gone before revere [sews its origin from ancient mes. But laces of present age are more foeausift, artistic and them, and have fi ‘many new inspirations. z vided berated fed 4.7.1 Tips for Reading and Wr 1, Skim the text to get the flow. 2, Look for clue words to fill each blank (and, but, while, etc.) 3. Eliminate ungrammaticalfillogical words among the options. 4, First fill the easier ones and then predict filles for the rest. A 5+ Never leave the question unanswered. ing: Fill in the Blanks __Try to understand the flow of the text and predict the answers. Eliminate options that are ungrammati- ‘al or incorrect in the context. _™"°S (Refer to text given in the screenshot above) _ Solution Clue Words! Markers: scattered (literature) in history: modern laces (preserve) the best ofthe old; and (add) new. Answer: literature, preserve, addedPTE ADVANTAGE [BB Practice Questions (Solved) u Multiple-Choice, Choose Single Answer Directions: Read the text and answer the multiple choice question by selecting the correc response. Only ont response is correct. (Note: The underlining indicates the main idea(s) of the text.) ~ 1. The mind may be likened so 2 great sea upon which there are visible afew islands. The islands~ represent the conscious thoughts — consciousness we use to calculate, to map out our plans, 0 form our judgments. This isthe mind that for cencuries was accepted as the entice mind. But we know that the islands are merely the cops of huge mountain-ranges formed by the floor of the sea_, in mighty, permanent upheaval; thac as this sea-floor rises, high above its customary level, and thrusts its bulk above the waters into che atmosphere, is possibly the island. u “There can be no consciousness except as that which is already in the mind ~ the vast subconscious material ofall experience rises into view and relates itself through the senses to an outside world. So our recognition of the impression is merely the rising inco consciousness of the subconscious material in response to a stimulus from the outside world which appeals through the senses. The~ visible island is but 2 symbol of the submarine mountain. The present mental impression is but_, proof of a great bulk of past experiences. Q. Which of the following phrases denotes the expression “The upon which here are visible afew islands”? (A) The sea is the mind and che islands are the subconscious mind. Q) The islands denote the conscious mind and the sea is the subconscious mind. @) The islands rise above the sea but have their base in the form of a mountain. (4) The sea represents the mind and the islands in the sea the conscious thoughts. v ind may be likened to a great sea Scrategy/Solution: (4) Often the opening lines indicate the main poine ofthe argument. (4) isthe cor rect answer and can be derived directly from the underlined parts of che opening lines. Y 2. A scientist is one who has leaned to organize his knowledge. The main difference between a sci-~ ‘entist and one who is nor is thae the scientist sees the significance of facts, while the non-scientific. rman sees facts as more or less unrelated things. As one comes to hunt for causes and inquires into ~ the significance uf dhings, one becomes a seientist. A thing or an event always points beyond ieself_) to something else. This something else is what goes before it or comes after it, is its cause or its effect. This causal relationship that exists between events enables a scientist to prophesy. By care-~ fally determining what always precedes a certain event. a certain type of happening, a scicatist is able to predict the evens. All that is necessary to be able to predict an event is to have a clear knowledge of its true causes.CHAPTER 4: READING MODULE aa 5 ‘Whenever, beyond any doubt, these causes are found to be present, the scientist knows the event will follow. OF course, all chat he really knows is that such results have always followed a similar causes in the past. But he has come to have faith in the uniformity and regularity of nature. -~\ Q Which of the following cannot be the characteristic of a person with a scientific bent of mind? (He tends to organize his knowledge in the light of facts. © @) He seeks to predict the outcome of a phenomenon based on prior observations. @) He likes to bring order out of chaos. © @ He can see beyond facts and establish relationship between any unrelated things. ©) Strategy/Solution: (4) Note that options (1), (2) and (3) are directly given in the passage as per the three phrases underlined in the same order. Option (4) uses ‘unrelated things given in the passage in a different context. A scientific mind does not establish relationship between any unrelated things. ©) 3: If Bach is the mathematician of music, as has been asserted, Beethoven is its philosopher. In his avork, the philosophic spirit comes to the fore. To the genius of the musician is added in Bee- a thoven a wide mental grasp, a selfless spiric that seeks to help humanity on the upward path, Up to Beethoven's ime musicians in general performed theit work without the aid of an intellect for the most part; they worked by intuition. In everything outside their art they were like children. Beethoven was the first one having the independence to think for himself ~ che first co have ideas on subjects unconnected with his are. Ie was he who established the dignity of the art- A ist over that of che simply well-born, His entie life was a protest against the pretensions of birth over mind, His predecessors, co a great extent subjugated by their social superiors, sought only to o please, Nothing further was expected of them. This mental attitude is apparent in theit work. The language of the courtier is usually polished, but will never have the virility chat characterizes the 0 speech of the free man. > Q Iccan be inferred from the passage that Beethoven (addresses the intellect of mankind (2) was a rare genius beyond mathematics (3) pucphilosophy into practice (4) was an independent and selfless thinker Strategy/Solution: (3) Often the opening lines indicate the main point of the argument, Option (3) -~__ canbe inferred from the line: ‘In his work, the philosophic spiric comes to the fore’. 4, A large majority of men, even among the educated, speak of a “criminal” as if the word had a 0 clearly defined meaning, As a matter of fact, there is no such division, and from the nature of things, there never can be such a line. Strictly speaking, a crime is an act forbidden by the law of the land, and one which is consid- co ered sufficiently serious to warrant providing penalties for its commission. It does not necessarily follow thac this act is either good or bad; the punishment follows for the violation of the law and 0 not necessarily for any moral transgression. No doubt most of the things forbidden by the penal code are as such are injurious to the organized society of the time and place, and are usually ofWE = sovantace such a character as for a long period of time, and in most countries, have been classed as criminal But even then it does not always follow thar the violator of the law is not a person of higher type than the majority who are directly and indirectly responsible for the law. Ie is apparent that a thing is not necessarily bad because it is forbidden by the law. Q What is the central idea of the passage? (1) The ruling class and the people with power decide the laws and the punishment. (2) The basis of punishment is not morality bue transgression of law. (3) Crime cannot be clearly demarcated and depends on the prevalent belicfs of thes (4) Things that are forbidden do not necessarily attract punishment, Strategy/Solution: (3) Ofen the opening lines indicate che main point of the argument. Also, the words/phrases repeated in the text are easy clues. Note also that the word criminal has been emphasized by putting it in quote marks. Option (3) is correct because this alone centers on ‘crime’, which is discussed a number of times throughout the passage. 5, Anthropology is the child of Darwin. Darwinism makes it possible. Reject the Darwinian point of view, and you must reject anthropology also. What, then, is Darwinism? Not a cut-and-dried docitine. Not a dogma. Darwinism is a working hypothesis. You suppose something to be true, and work away to see whether, in the light of chat supposed truth, certain facts fit rogether etter than they do on any other supposition. What is the truth that Darwinism supposes? Simply thac all the forms of life in the world are related rogether; and thac the relations manifested in time and space between the different lives are sufficiently uniform to be described under a general formula, or law of evolution, This means that man must, for certain purposes of science, toe the line with the rest of living things. And at firs, naturally enough, man did not like it. He was too lordly. For a long time, therefore, he pretended to be fighting for the Bible, when he was really fighting for his own dignity. This was racher hard on the Bible, which has nothing to do with the Aristotelian theory of the fixity of species; though it might seem possible to read back something of the kind into the primitive creation-stories preserved in Genesis. Now-2-days, however, we have mostly got over che first shock to our family pride. Q_ What is the primary purpose of the passage? (Q) Ignoring Darwinism is like shutting your eyes to the bigger truth. (2) The importance of Darwinism for anthropological studies. (3) Weare just another species and should not believe chat the rules of nature are not applicable to us. (4) In explaining the development of life, man has long ignored the importance of Anthropology. Strategy/Solution: (2) Often the opening lines indicate the main point of the argument. Here the ‘opening line establishes the relationship between Darwinism and anthropology. Option (2) is the correct answer because this is the only one that seeks to catch the relationship between Darwinism and ‘anthropology, the only two concepts discussed in the passage.CHAPTER 4; READING MODULE Multiple-Choice, Choose Multiple Answers Directions: Read the text and answer the multiple choice questions by selecting all the correct responses. You will need to select more than one response. (Note: The underlining indicates the main idea(s) of the text.) 1, ‘Thanks tothe investigations of physiologist and psychologist, usually combined inthe person of a physician, “nervousness” has been found to be not an organic disease but a functional one. This is avery important distinction, for an organic disease implies impairment of the tissues ofthe organ, while a functional disorder means only a disturbance of its action. In a purely nervous disorder there seems to be no trouble with what the nerves and organs are, but only with what they dos itis behavior and nor tissue that is ac Fault. Of course, in real life, things are seldom as clear-cut as they are in books, and so it happens that often chere is a combination of organic and functional disease that is puzzling even to a skilled diagnostician, The frst essential is a diagnosis as to whether itis an organic disease, with aecompanying nervous symptoms, or a functional disturbance complicated by some minor organic trouble. Ifthe main cause is organic, only physical means can cure but if the trouble is functional, no amount of medicine ot surgery, diet or rest, will touch it; yet the symptoms are so similar and che dividing line is so elusive, that great skill is sometimes required to determine whether a given symptom points to a disturbance of physical tissue or only «0 behavior (D) Which questions are answered in the passage? (2) Why is it important to diagnose to assess if the problem is functional or organic? (3) What s the similarity beeween functional and organic diseases? (4) What is the difference between functional and organic diseases? (5) Why are the symptoms of both organic and functional diseases very simila (© Why are situations in real life not as simplistic as they are in books? (7) What brings the two modes of treatment together? Strategy/Solution: (1, 2 and 3) Option (1) is answered in the lines: “IF he main cause is organic, only physical means can cure it, but if the trouble is functional, no amount of medicine or surgery, diet (of rest, will couch ic”, (2) is answered in the line, “the symptoms are so similar and the di is so elusive”. (3) is answered in the line, “for an organic disease implies impairment of the the organ, while a functional disorder means only a disturbance of its action”. The text differentiates between the physical and the psychological but does not go into che ‘why" of the difference or of the complications. 2. If psychology is a science, it is no longer a thing of guesses or theories, but is a grouping of confirmed facts about the mind, facts proved in the psychology laboratory even as chemical facts are demonstrated in the chemical laboratory. Wherein psychology departs from facts which can be proved by actual experience or by accurate tests, it becomes metaphysics, and is beyond the realm ‘of science; for metaphysics deals with the realities of the supermind, or the soul, and its relations to life, and death, and God. Physics, chemistry, biology have all in their day been merely speculative. They were bodies of theory which might prove true or might not.WEIN = s0vantace actualy being sried out, they became bodies of accepted facts, and are today called sciences. In the same way, the laws of the working of the mind have been tested, and a body of assured facts about ichas taken its place with other sciences. Te must be admitted chat no psychologist is willing to stop with the known and proved, but, swhen he has presented that, dips into the fascinations of the yet unknown, and works with prom- ising cheory, which tomorrow may prove to be science also. Q_ What aspects ofthe mind have been stated about which we dont have proven facts? (1) That comes under the realm of metaphysics (2) Some chemical facts demonstrated in the chemical laboratory (3) Thar may one day come under the realm of science (4) That is departed from science (5) Guesses oF theories that have passed through tests Strategy/Solution: (1, 3 and 4) The underlined phrases directly lead to the answer. The author states that, for most pat, psychology comes under the realm of metaphysics, is not science but can be studied, under science once it is proven. (2) and (4) are both tested/demonstraced facts. 3. Good sense is, of all things among men, the most equally distributed; for everyone thinks himself s0 abundantly provided with it, chat those even who are the most difficule to satisfy in everything else, do not usually desire a larger measure of this quality than they already possess. And i is not likely that all are mistaken, the conviction is rather to be h fying that the power of, rcason, is by nature equal in all men. The di from some being endowed with a larger share of reason than others, but solely from this, that we conduct our thoughts along different ways, and do not fix our attention on the same objects. For to be possessed of a vigorous mind is not enough; the prime requisite is o apply it rightly. “The greatest minds, as they are capable of the highest excellence, are open likewise to che greatest aberrations; and those who travel very slowly may yet make far greater progress, provided they keep always to the straight road, than those who, while they run, forsake it Q According to the author, which of the following statements are tre about ‘good sense’? (A) Good sense is the most common. (2) Everybody applies good sense differently. (3) Everybody applies good sense che right way. (4) Good sease varies acconliig w cultural influences. (5) Good sense depends on the intended actions of peopl. (©) Good sense is the power of judgment between right and wrong. Strategy/Solution: (1, 2 and 6) Option (1) cain be derived from the underlined part of the opening Tine; option (2) from “we conduct our thoughts along different ways”; and option (6) from “the power of judging a right and of distinguishing truth from error, which is what is called good sense or reason”.CHAPTER 4: READING MODULE ‘The affinisies ofall the beings of the same class have sometimes been represented by [Link] ue I believe this simile largely speaks the truth. The green and budding twigs may represent existing species: and those produced during each former year may represent the long suecession of extinct species. At each period of growth all the growing twigs have tried to branch out on all sides, and ‘overtop and kill the surrounding twigs and branches, in the same manner as species and groups ‘of species have tried to overmaster other species in the great battle for life. The limbs divided into sgreat branches, and these into lesser and lesser branches, were themselves once, when the cree was small, budding twigs; and this connection of the former and present buds by ramifying branches may well represent the classification of all extinct and living species in groups subordinate to groups. OF the many twigs which flourished when the eree was a mere bush, only «wo or three, now grown into great branches, yet survive and bear all che other branches; s0 with the species which lived during long-past geological periods, very few now have living and modified descendants. From the first growth of the tree, many a limb and branch has decayed and dropped off, and these lost branches of various sizes may represent chose whole orders, families, and genera, which have now no living represencarives, and which are known co us only from having been found in a fossil state, Q. Which of the following statements are true as per the simile of the great tree pointed out in the passage? (1) A species and a few of its sub-species are represented by a giant tre, (2) ‘The green and budding twigs represenc all che species. (3) ‘The present species are represented by the green and new branches. (4) The old surviving branches represent the extinct species. (5) All the beings of any class can be symbolically represented by a giant tree Strategy/Solution: (3 and 5) option (3) is only the paraphrase of “The green and budding twigs may represent existing species”. Option (5) is the paraphrase of “The affinities of all the beings of the same class have sometimes been represented by a great tre.” Option (1) is corrupted by ‘a few’; option (2) by ‘all; and option (4) by ‘surviving 5. Many believe chat the question of whether an act is right or wrong is to be settled by a religious doccrine; but the difficulcies are still greater in this direction. First ofall, chis involves a thorough and judicial inquiry into the merits of many, if not all, Forms of religion, an investigation which has never been made, and from the nature of things cannot be made. The fact is, that one’s reli gious opinions are settled long before he begins to investigate and quite by other processes than reason. Then, too, all religious precepts rest on interpretation, and even the things that seem the plainest have ever been subject to manifold and sometimes conflicting construction. Few if any religious commands can be, or ever were, implicitly relied on without interpretation, The command, “Thou shalt not kill,” seems plain, but does even this furnish an infallible rule of conduct? ‘Ofcourse this commandment could not be meant to forbid killing animals. Yer there are many people who believe that it does, or at least should. No Christian state makes it apply to msn-con= victed of crime, or against killing in war, and yet a considerable minority has always held that bothHEU #1 ab vantace forms of killing violate the commandment. Neither can it be held to apply to accidental killings, or killings in self-defense, or in defense of property or family. Laws, too, provide all grades of punishment for different kinds of killing, from very light penalties up to deach. Manifestly, then, the commandment must be interpreted, “Thou shalt not kill when it is wrong to kill,” and therefore it furnishes no guide to conduct. As well say: “Thou shale do nothing that is wrong.” Religious doctrines do not and clearly cannot be adopted as the criminal code of a state. Which of the following interpretations of the commandment of religion are inherently unclear as per the author? (1) Thou shale noc kill. (2) Thou shale not kill animals. @) Thou shale not kill men convicted of crime. (4) Thou shale not kill in war. (5) Thou shale not kill in self-defense. ©) Thou shale not kill when itis wrong to kill. () Thou shalt do nothing that is wrong Strategy/Solution: (6 and 7) Option (1) is the commandment, not its interpretation. Options (2) to (5) ate interpretations but are neither ascribed to the author, nor are inherently unclear. The lines “Manifestly, then, the commandment must be interpreted, “Thou shalt not kill when it is wrong to Kall and therefore i furnishes no guide to conduct. As wel say: “Thou shalt do nothing that is wrong,” Represent only options (6) and (7). Re-order Paragraphs Directions: The texts below (each beginning with a leter of the alphabet) have been placed in a random order. Restore the original order by rearranging the letters. 1. (A) Buc insanity is a physical disease, implying changes in the brain cells. (B) Their cause is different, even though the picture they present is often a close copy of an organic disease, (© Functional disorders tell another story. (D) The patienc is almost sure to fancy himself going insane. Solution ‘Strategy: ‘But insanity’ in (A) refers to ‘going insane’ in (D) (DA link). “Their cause” in (B) refers to “functional disordere” in (C) (CB link). Hence, the correct sequence is: .- going insane (D) Bat insanigy ... (A) Functional disorders (C) Their cause... (B) . (A) Lec us note that the art of standing began with birds.(CHAPTER 4: READING MODULE (B) Contrast the flamingo, which, having only two, tucks up one of them and sleeps poised high on the other. (© As far as 1 know, every reptile be it lizard, crocodile, alligator, or tortoise, lays its body on the ground when not actually carrying it. (D) And these have each four fat legs. Solution Strategy: A quick look at the statements tells us that the context is “standing began with birds” (A). “And these” in (D) refers to reptiles in (C) (CD link). “Contrast... only two" in (B) is a conerast with “four” in (D) (DB link). Hence, the correct sequence is . standing began with birds ... (A) every reptile lays (sts) on the ground ... (C) . these have four legs, ... (D) flamingo ... only two, ... (B) 3. (A) A philosopher goes for the ‘substance’. (B) So if a paincer goes with his sense of sight and instinct, a philosopher is struck by reality and goes with ‘incellece. (© A painter considers the ‘appearance’. (D) A painter would enjoy these ripples of shades on the table but the philosopher would seudy the ‘realty’ as eis. Solution Strategy: Let us view the sentence openings: A painter; A philosopher; A painter; So, ifa painter Since all the statements tale about painter/philosopher, the statement beginning with “So” must come at the end. ‘Now one statement is only about painter, one only about philosopher. The third one is about both. ‘This third one should come after the other two. In the last two statements, the painter comes before the philosopher. The same sequence should logically follow in the two statements that mention only ‘onc of them, Hence, the correct sequence is: Apainter ... (C) A philosopher ... (A) A painter... a philosopher, ... (D) So... a painter... a philosopher, ... (B) 4, (A) In fact, the hour was not commonly understood co be 60 minutes. (B) Ie-was not practical for the general public to consider minutes until the first mechanical dis- playing minutes appeared by L6ch century. (© Minutes and seconds, were not used for everyday timekeeping for many centuriesMBER = sovantace (D) Clock displays split the hour into halves, thirds, quarters and sometimes even 12 parts, but never by 60, Solution Strategy: A quick look atthe starements tells us that the context is use of minutes and seconds for time keeping. The leading statement is (C). (D) explains the practice of timekeeping then in terms of frac- tions of an hour (half, quarter, etc). ‘In face and ‘not 60 minus’ in A follow up on ‘never by 60" in (D). “Not practical’ in (B) supports ‘not commonly understood’ in (A). Hence, the correct sequence is: Minutes and seconds (C) Clock displays never by 60 (D) not commonly understood to be 60 nnot practical until mechanical clocks, 5. (A) She said that some time back, her sister had co withdraw her child from a well-respected school because instances of corporal punishment had greatly increased. (B) [ also verbalized my disapprobation at the school’ sad state of affairs and my new found friend looked greatly pleased. (© She was.a smart and modern woman, attired in casuals and carried herself with confidence. (D) One day as I waited at the school gates to pick up my son from school, I started conversing with another parent. {E) She vehemently expressed horror at a respected school that was according to her allowing, corporal punishment inside its walls. Solution Strategy. The author is relating an incident in the past. ‘One day’ in (D) begins it. ‘She was! in (C) refers to ‘the parent in (D) (DC link). ‘Instance of corporal punishment’ in (A) refers to ‘corporal punishment in (E) (EA link). Hence, the correct sequence is: One day ... another parent (D) ‘She was ... (C) .. horror at .. corporal punishment, ... (E) Instances of corporal punishment ... (A) Talso ... (B) Reading: Fill in the Blanks Directions: In the text below some words are missing. Select words from the box below to the appropriate place in the text 1. Diccis like a house, a definite thing built of different kinds of (1) Similarly, a diet is constructed from fuel material, body building material, and body regulating macerial. No diet isCHAPTER 4: READING MODULE eres] @ without any one of them, But there are a few which work forall parts of the body. Milk is one such (3) which can be nearest to a complece diet in itself. Ie is the greatest source of (4) material for the whole body. Ic is useful for: growing infants, children, young and old. (constuction) (food) (complete) (vem) (perfect) ied) (onaterial) (building) Solution ‘Strategy: First, get the flow of the argument: the text is about milk being a near complete diet. It can be scen that there is a pair of words for each blank. Let us choose the better one of the two. For blank (1), the filler is material (not item) because this word is repeated thrice in the next sentence. For blank (2), the filler is complete (not perfect) because this word is repeated in context of milk later. But for blank (3), food (not diet, not item) isthe filler because milk is 2 food item that is considered a complete diet. Now food isa building material, not a construction material (4). 2. Life would have (1) _without fine arts such as architecture, sculpture, painting, poetry and music, but would have not been as (2) ‘an experience as it is with enjoying these art forms. Take for example, pictures. How much more easily do we understand the subject we are (3) through the help we get from pictures of objects or places which we have not seen and we wish to (4) about. (know) (pleasure) (existed) (alk) (pleasant) Formed) (rudying) Solution Strategy: Firs, gec the flow of the argument: how fine arts make life more interesting and easy to understand. There are seven options for four blanks. We need to eliminate only three. Without arts life would hhave existed (1) but would not have been pleasant (2). This eliminates formed’ and ‘pleasure’. Pictures help us know (4) — not talk-more about places and objects we are studying (3) 3. The cave, composed of several spacious gallerias and dens, is adorned with almost 300 paintings and engravings (dating 18000-20000 years before present time). The cave has also retained sev- ral vestiges of (1) activities: fireplaces, entailed fints and other clues which denote an (2)__in tools and habits, Totally left intact and untouched by any human intrusion, the cave represents an exceptional source of (3) for archaeologists. (acceptance) (studies) (evolution) (anormal) Gruman) (inspiration)MEET = s0vawrace Solution Strategy: First, get the flow of the argument: the text is about an ancient cave finding with paintings ‘and engravings of ancient humans. It can be seen that there is a pair of words for each blank. Let us choose the better one of the two. For blank (1), the activities mentioned (fireplaces, tools) are human (not normal). For blank (2), gradual development of tools and habits is evolution (not acceptance). For blank (3), the cave is a source of studies (not inspiration) for scientists. 4, The E.U. comprising such a large number of (1) = could not be expected to agree ‘on a single viewpoint. They would (2) ‘on every point keeping in view the interests of their own community. With so much confrontation, a joint rejoinder was too much to be 3) . The new constitution could come into existence only after 25 members gave a clean chie ro it. Buc even 10 members did not reach a (4) and the tug of war continues co exis rill date. (expected) (constiruencies) (diverge) (compromise) Gormalation) (nations) (isagree) | Solution Strategy: First, get the flow of the argument: there being disagreement on many points among EU ‘members. They are obviously nations (1). They disagree (2) on every point. So, a joint statement is not expected (3) and there is no compromise (4), 5. In books, I find the dead as if they were (1) + in books I foresee things to come; books warlike affairs are set forth; from books come forth the laws of (2) . They are ‘masters who instruct us without rod, without angry words, without money. The (3) of books is unspeakable. Ifthe value of books is immeasurable, how shall the bargain be shown to be (4) where an infinite good is being bought? (ociery) (dear) (cost) (alive) (low) (peace) (value) Solution Strategy: First, et the flow of the argument: the text is about the immense value of books for us. They bring the wisdom of the dead as if they were alive (1). ‘Warlike affairs’ has to be followed by ‘laws of peace’ (2). Ifthe value (3) is immeasurable, how can the bargain be dear (4)?(~ CHAPTER 4: READING MODULE feresicy a > Reading and Writing: Fill in the Blanks ~ Directions: Below is a text with blanks. From the numbered choices, select the appropriate choice for each blank. 1. ‘In the storm we found each other’ or ‘in the storm we clung together’, as Ernest L Meyer would have us say. This is indeed human (1) . The bond of compassion evolves out of shared. pain. The peace movement was started by a few academicians. They, after the First World War, ‘came together to fight their common enemy - war. They discovered affinity despite their oblique interests and backgrounds. A sense of (2) arose out of their aim, They all pledged to © fight for a fundamental value ‘peace’. They joined hands to find the strength of unity, to fight the ordeal of (3) “The mass destruction had taught them a lesson ~ a lesson of humanity. > They no more could bear the stain of war. This bond of sympathy was a result of a bond of pain _. which they had (4) together. The storm had brought unity as an aftermath. “There seemed to bean air of confidence for realization of the (5) to establish a perfect society With universal brotheshood, without bloodshed. This was the common desire of all the sufferers of war. Blank 1 Blank 2 Blank 3 Blank 4 Blank 5 @) biology {@) brotherhood (a) peace (@) found @) dieam A, ©) nature (©) community (b) difficulty (b) undergone (b) projece (© psychology (©) society (© misery (0 dung (© scheme ~ (@) habit (@) obedience (@) war (@) invented (@ gsem __. Solution Strategy: First, gt the flow of the argument: the text is about a peace movement arising in the after- © math of shared suffering in the First World War. The quote from Ernest Meyer represents human psy- _., chology (1) ~ unity to fight a common crisis. Since they are fighting for peace, as against war, there is a bond of brotherhood (2). Their common enemy is ‘war’ (3). The bond resulted from shared pain they +> have undergone (4) together. The confidence is for realization of a dream (5). 2. Theills of the modern homeare symptomatic. Divorce, childless families, irreverent (1) A and the decadence of the old type of separate home life are signs of forgotten ideals, lost motives, and insufficient purposes. Where the home is only an opportunity for self indulgence, it casily becomes a cheap (2) » a sleeping-shelf, an implement for social advantage. While it is © true that general economic developments have effected marked changes in domestic economy, the happiness and efficiency of the (3) do not depend wholly on chem. Rather, everything depends on whether the home and family are considered in worthy and adequate terms. They who marry for lust are (4) for further lust. Selfishness, even in its form of self preservation, is an unstable foundation for a home. Essentially the problem is not one of mechanics but of per- a sons. What we call the home problem is more truly a family problem, It centers in petsons not in @—_.—MET = a0 vanrace Blank 1 Blank 2 Blank 3 Blank 4 Blank 5 (@) husband (@) boarding-house (a) society (@) joined (@) family () children (b) resturant (b) community —_(b) forced () society (©) parents (© hostel (© employees (©) taken (0) possessions © wife (@ commodity (4) family (@) divorced (@ community Solution Strategyt First, get the flow of the argument: the text is about modern homes breaking up, for they are based on selfish interest, not on love, Since we are talking homes or families, irreverent’ can only be applied to children (1). The second filler has been defined immediately after asa ‘sleeping-shelf’. This is obviously a boarding-house (2). Happiness and efficiency of a family (3) does not depend on economic development alone. They who marry for lust are divorced (4) for lust, because the Family happiness depends on persons, not possessions (5). 3. Tis generally agreed that religion is either of paramount importance or the most serious @ to progress. To its devotees religion is of overwhelming importance; to unbelievers it is, in the phrasing of Burke, “superstitious folly, enthusiastcal nonsense, and holy tyranny.” The difference between the friends and the enemies of religion may, I think, be resolved. Religion recognizes some final arbitration of human destiny; icis@ lively awareness of the fact that, while man proposes, itis only within certain narrow limits that he can (2) his own plans, His nicest adjustments and most ardent longings are overruled; he knows that until he can discount that which commands his fortunes, his (3) is precarious. Irreligion, on the other hand, is a product of civilization. “There is a sense, then, in which both religion and irreligion are to be justified. If religion is guilty of unreason, irrligion is guilty of apathy. For without doubt the situation of the individual ‘man is broadly such as religion conceives it to be. There is nothing thac he can build, nor any precaution that he can (4) that weighs appreciably in the balance against the powers which decree good and ill fortune, catastrophe and triumph, life and death. Hence, to be without (5)____ is the part of folly. Behold the fear of the Lord; that is wisdom. Blank 1 Blank 2 Blank 3 Blank 4 Blank 5 (@) stumble @) dispose @ fate (@) decide (@) reason (b) stagger () solve (6) condition (6) avoid () faith (©) means (© make © luck (© take (fear (@) vbsuale (2) cancel @ decision (@) evade © hope Solution Strategy: First, get the flow of the argument: the main idea is conveyed by the sentence: “The differ- tence between the friends and the enemies of religion may, I think, be resolved.” So, religion is needed in addition to reason (or ircligion). Non-belicvers consider religion as obstacle (1) to progress. Man proposes has to be followed by God disposes (2). When man does not command his fortune, his condition (3) is precarious. There is no precaution that man can take (4) against his forcune. Without fear (5) of God is folly; fear of God is wisdom,CHAPTER 4: READING MODULE Ge 4, "The people who advocate universal brotherhood often feel non-violence to be the essence of life. ‘They consider i as much a means to achieve success and win over the evil-doer, as an end in itself because ofits ultimate (1) . They believe ito be their moral duty to respect every individual irrespective of his social status or his socio-political leanings or even his evil deeds. Every human being should be treated with love and care, whatever (2) hhe must have com- miteed of threatened the other with. A pacifist can in no way deny respect and love to a person who does evil. A pacifist has no belief though, in indulgence in violence or destructive activities. ‘There is complete line of demarcation berween the deed and the (3) . Love is for the doet and the aim is conversion of the force of the deed. ‘This respect for the evil doer can only lend strength to the feeling of brotherhood. Mahatma Gandhi stands out as a leader of this philosophy of pacifism and (4) . He propagated this and achieved success in gaining freedom or India from the British yoke. Non-violence does nor yield quick results though. The purpose would be achieved slowly and the great victory attained. This (5)___force is powerful enough to bring out the goodness finally. Gandhi's movernent in India is a living evidence of this. Blank 1 Blank 2 Blank 3 Blank 4 Blank 5 @) value (@) evil (@) deal (@) war-mongering (@) weak > Ob) virewe (b) crime (b) means 0) love () small (0 cost (9 act (©) measures (©) non-violence (0) big O (goal (4) mistake (@) doer (@ morality (@) moral ~ Solution Strategyr First, get the flow of the argument: the text is about pacifism and non-violence being a moral bur forceful tool. Non-violence can be an end in itself only if cis ultimately a virtue (1). Love and care ust be given even if evil (2) is done. Differentiate between the evil deed and the evil doer (3). This is the philosophy of pacifism and non-violence (4). This moral (5) force is powerful enough. © 5. Whar is nationalism? Many theories have been (1) » seeking variously to identify nationalism with language, culture, race, politics, geography, economics, or religion. Now these, and even other, matters may be factors predisposing or contributing to the formation of x @ consciousness. But, in the last analysis, nationalism is something over and above all its constituent clements, which it works into a new and higher synthesis. There is really nothing mysterious about nationalism, despite all the arguments that have raged concerning its exact meaning. Asa matter of fact, nationalism is a state of (3) "Nationalism is a belief, held by a fairly large number of individuals, that they constitute a “Nationality”; itis a sense of belonging together a8 a “Nation”. This “Nation,” as visualized in the minds of its believers, is a people or community associaced together and organized under one government, and dwelling together ima distince (4) When the nationalist ideal is realized, we have what is known as a body-politie ot "State.” But we must not forget that this “State” is the material manifestation of an A ideal, which may have pre-existed for generations as a mere pious (5) swith no tangible attributes like state sovereignty or physical frontiers.ME 61: 20.08 a Blank 1 Blank 2 Blank 3 Blank 4 Blank 5 (@) created (@) regional (@) development (a) frontier (@) aspiration =~ () advanced () territorial (6) mind () nation (b) inspiration (© tossed (©) lingual (©) economy (0 tertitory (perspiration () followed (@) national (2) progress (@) sate (@) expiration = Solution Strategy: First, get the flow of the argument: the text is about the concept of nationalism. Many theories about nationalism may have been put forth or advanced (1). The factors enumerated contribute) to national (2) consciousness. Nationalism is a state of mind (3) as defined in the very next sentence (belief). Ina nation, people dwell rogether in a territory (4). Nationalist ideal may only be an aspiration (5) much before takes physical shape. HBB) Practice Questions (With Hints) i Multiple-Choice, Choose Single Answer Oo Directions: Read the text and answer the multiple choice question by selecting the correct response. Only one response is correc. ~ (Note: The hints are in the form of underlined tect that indicates the main idea(s) of the text. Answers are provided at the end ofthe book.) is 1. Laws lay down the rules by which people in a society should behave with each other and with ~ the state or nation. Many philosophers have tried to explain the reasons for our laws and their beginnings. However, all agree that without laws our society would be lost. If people were fiee to follow just their own wishes, then there would have been too much pain and confusion. Stronger people would have hurt, robbed, or cheated others without any fear. It would become a miserable inhumane life with violence ruling the day. The only law then would be the law of the jungle. People would have feared each other and love, respect, and friendship would have taken a back seat. jr in our sociery can be there only with just laws that are properly followed by ~ Q The purpose of the passage is (1) ‘0 state the importance of laws for peace and progress ~ (2) to press for strong government to rule society (3) co gather support for good conduct and just laws Pee (4): monitor the development of laws in a society o Hints: Peace and order in our society can be there only with jus laws that are propery followed by everybody. With- out peace, our society cannot progressCHAPTER &: READING MODULE > 2. ‘The word “continent” actually meant mainland in che past when the Greeks and Romans ruled the western world. Th on view, ig mass of land thar is big single count ind separated from other big masses of lan 1 ncains. or by deserts should bea continent. However, a continent is defined upon the needs of a person. Historians divide the world into continents in a differene manner, Geography teachers see it differently, Geologists see >) __ it from cheir own viewpoint, and people of different countries divide the world into continents to suit their own purposes. There is quite a bit of confusion in the world over the number of continents, their names, and their areas, For example, in Europe, they still believe the world to be divided into five continents as represented in the five rings of the Olympic flag, However, Ameti- cans divide the Earth's land mass into the seven continents of North America, South America, Europe, Asia, Africa, Australia, and Antarctica, for such division is the most reasonable, and easi- cst for studying the world, © Q The passage is an introduction to the (1) American and European concepis of the continents (2) Greek and Roman concepts of che continents © @) Ddivision of Barch’ land mass into continents (A) Historical and geological concepss of the continents Hines: (The common view is that a big mas of land that is bigger than a single country and separated from other big _amnasies of land either by sea, or by mountains, or by deserts should be a continent. 3. Derived from “pouched bear” and “ash grey.” Phascolarctos Cinereus is the scientific name for “ Koala, The koala lives in trees, specifically some 35 of the then 600 species of the genus Eucalyp- tus that grow in Australia. The diet of the adult koala is almost exclusively eucalyprus leaves, and since the oils of eucalyptus leaves are toxic to most other mammals, one wonders what adaptations enable koala to thrive on them. The subject has been the focus of my own work with koalas, and 1 shall be reeurning to it A A fully grown koala weighs about 9 kilograms and its body is at the most about 62 centimeters long. Its fur is chick and woolly, ies limbs are long, and its toes are strongly clawed. On each front foot, the two innermost digits can be opposed to the others like wo thumbs, as can the innermost digits on each rear foot. Itis this articulation, or movable joint, that makes the koala a good climber. On the ground, to which it normally descends only to move from one tree to another, the -s koala goes on all four limbs. wi [Link], intermictendly sleepin, i among the leaves by day and at night, Q Which of the following statements is true about the adult koala? (2) Tecan survive on the bark and leaves of any type of Eucalyprus tree. (2) Ic is very reclusive in nature. A @) Iespends most of ies time on trees. @ Icfinds the eucalypeus leaves quite toxic.PTE ADVANTAGE Hints: Most of the time itis in a tre, intermittently sleeping and foraging among the leaves by day and at night 4, North America is pethaps the only producer of Maple Syrup and Maple Sugar. ‘The New World has given the old many others —Indian corn, the potato, the tomato, the turnkey —but these are~ now raised in the Eastern Hemisphere too. Attempts have been made to produce maple sugar in Europe by transplanting the American sugar maple A. saccharum co that continent. These efforts have been without success; however, for it is not che tree that produces the sugar, itis the climate, “The European Norway maple a platanoides, and the plane-tree maple a psewudeplatanus, have been ~ ‘used to make sugar in the United States although these species arc less productive than the suget_, maple. Only in the Norsh-eastem United States and the adjacent areas of Canada isthe weather just right to cause the sap to run in sufficient quantities ro make tapping the trees worthwhile. At the height ofa good season, 20 gallons of sap sometimes suffice to make one gallon of syrup, while at the nadir of a bad one, it can take 80 - “The production of sap requites a long cool period in which temperatures fill to below freezing ight and tis freezing during lay. The alternation in temperature acts asa sort of thermal pump that forces the sap to circulate, Q What is the major point ehe author is making in this passage? (1) ‘The exploration of the New Werld led to the discovery of new plants. (2) ‘The production of maple syrup is dependent on the climate 3) North American colonists were taught ro make maple syrup by the Indians. (4) ‘Thermal pumps are widely used in the North-eastern United States and Canada, 0 Hints: Only in the Northeastern United States and the adjacent areas of Canada isthe weather just right The production of sap require a long cool period in which temperatures fall to below freezing (32°F) during the night and rise above freezing during the day. e 5. Music is one form of art that is universally appreciated by people of all ages and kinds, from the ~ sandy to the satanic. Good music defies the barriers of time and geography, and serves often as a ‘universal language for mankind. Recent findings aboue the music ofthe past, 2s reported in Nature Magazine, are startling, The ‘music instinc’, as it has been called, is belicved to have preceded~ in race and may be more widk in nature than is Researchers have found in France and Slovenia, musical instruments as old as 53,000 years =flutes carved out of animal ~ bones which are good enough to suggest rhar humans had been fashioning such instruments for hundreds or thousands of years. A scientist in the Marine Biology Institute of Massachusetts, ~ who is a flutist himself, has constructed his own version of such flutes from bits of ancient bone. It yielded notes which were sweet, pure and ‘haunting’. ‘The scientists have not stopped there. “Their aim is to explore ‘the role of music in all living things’, because they are convinced that thew hhuman race has no copyright on music. Many animals produce what can rightly be called music, with definite and deliberate patterns in it and not a meaningless cacophony, chough humans may~ ‘ofien think it to be so, Male humpback whales sing a lot and can vocalize over @ range of seven,CHAPTER 4: READING MODULE aE octaves. They use rhyme in the same way as humans do. Rhythm and harmony can also be found in birdsong. ey Ichas been established that the hermit thrush sings in the pentatonic scale in which the octaves ate divided into recognizable notes. Some birds are sophisticated enough to use instruments; the palm cockatoo of northern Australia breaks off a ewig to use as a drumstick, It appears that poets have not been praising the songs of nightingales and cuckoos undeservingly, and there is more A to such things than is generally conceded. It is, however, wonderful to know that music is more universal and even more ancient than was thought. Why does the author say that the human race has no copyright on music? a (D) Scientists aim to explore the role of music in all living things. (2) The music instince in birds and animals precedes that in human beings. B) Music entertains all living beings Scientists, after studying che singing style of birds and animals, have found that they sing system- tically in a definite pattern ts: believed to have preceded the human race and may be more widespread in nature than is thought. ~ Multiple-Choice, Choose Multiple Answers Directions: Read the text and answer the multiple choice question by selecting all the correct responses. You will need to select more than one response. (Note: Hints are provided in the form of underlined texs that indicate the main idea(s) of te text, Answers «are provided atthe end of the book.) 1. Euthanasia or mercy killin is the term applied to the painless killing of chose suffering from an unbearable pain and an illness for which there is no cure. Advocates of euthanasia have urged ‘ that morality and wisdom consist nor in the pursuit of life, but in the pursuit of a quality and conversely, it may be desirable to end a life that is ireparably blasted by a dreadful disease or degradation. Indeed the champions of euthanasia go to the length of questioning the very basis of the moral theory which holds that life is always good, death is always evil and its dubious infer- cence that deliberate killing of an innocent human life is always wrong and impermissible. The 7 ‘contrary point of view is expressed by the anti-qualicy-of life advocates in diversicy of philosophies and moral positions ranging from the view that cuthanasia is inttinsically-evil and a direct viola- ry tion of God's supreme domination aver. There are people who hold the view that euthanasia is almost wrongful because sentence or even painfl experience is preferable co a permanent state of an non-existence. A more plausible objection of the anti-cuthanasia protagonists is thac if euthan. ‘were permitted it would lead to a general decline in respect for life; a single instance of euthanasia ‘would very probably lead to a slide, which is a dangerous misuse. Q Anti-quality-of life supporters believe (1) that cuthanasia violates God's supremacyWEEE © Aovantace (2) thae mercy killing is not intrinsically immoral but itis an evil (@) thar painful experience is always preferable ro death (4) in respect for life (5) that euthanasia often ends up getting misused Hints: Anti-quality-of life advocates; euthanasia is intrinsially-evil and a direct violation of Gods supreme domination over 2, Comforc is now one of the causes of its own spread. It has now become a physical habit, a fashion, an ideal to be pursued for its own sake. The more comfort is brought into the world, the more it is likely to be valued. To those who have known comfort, discomfort is a real torture. The fashion which now decreases the worship of comfors is quite as imperious as any other fashion. Moreover, enormous material interests are bound up with the supply of the means of comfort. ‘The manu- facturers of furniture, of heating apparatus, of plumbing fixtures cannot afford to let the love of comfort die. In modem advertisement they have found a means for compelling it to live and grow. Aman of in general concerned primarily with the comf of his future residence, He will spend a great deal of money on bathrooms, heating apparatus, padded furnishings, and having spent, he will regard his house as perfect. His counterpart in an carlicr age would have been primarily concerned with the impressiveness and magnificence of his divelling wish beau: ina word, rather chan comfort. The money our contemporary would spend ‘on baths and central heating would have been spent on marble staircases, frescoes, pictures and statues, Iam inclined to think that our present passion for comfort isa little exaggerated. ‘Though I personally enjoy comfort, I have lived most happily in houses devoid of everything that modern men deem indispensable. However, comfort for me has a justification; it facilitates mental lif. Discomfort handicaps thought: itis difficult ro use the mind when the body is cold and aching, Q In what respects is the outlook of a modern affluent man different from that of a medieval man? (1) "The former puts higher premium on beauty, the latter on comfort. (Q) The former puts higher premium on comfort, the lacer on beauty. (3) The former looks only for comfort, the latter looked both for comfort and beauty. (4) The former looks only for beauty, the latter looked both for comfort and beauty. (5) The former takes comfort for granted; the latter took beauty for granted. (©) “The former takes beauty for granted; the latter took comfort for granted. (7) The former can afford to devote more time on mind matters. Hints: A man of means today who builds a house, isin general concerned primarily with the comfort of bis future residence His counterpart in an earlier age would have been primarily concerned with he impresiveness and magnificence of his dwelling with beauty, in a word, rather than comfort Discomfort handicaps thought, itis dificult use the mind when the body is cold and aching 3. There is one salient difference between education as understood by the Greeks and the popular ideas of education in our own day. To the Grecks, education was primarily a training of the(CHAPTER 4: READING MODULE faculties that should fit man for the exercise of thought and duties of citizenship. The modern world looks rather to the acquisition of some skill or knowledge that is needed for a career; it thinks more of the product than of the process. Acquaintance with facts counts more with the moderns, while mental completeness and grasp were prized by the Grecks above everything else. But mental completeness did not mean to the Greeks intellectual discipline alone; it meant also a levotion to ciy ids. Iris, ot one han illuminati ut it also i and delicacy of feeling, a scorn of what is self seeking, ignoble, dishonorable ~ a scorn bred of loving familiarity with poets and philosophers. Our nearest expression for this generous and many sided training isthe word ‘Culture’. Culture, however, to many minds suggests a kind of polish, a superficial refinement. Besides, it has an air of exclusiveness; i is thought of a the privilege of the favored few. Q In what respects is the Greck outlook on education different from the modern outlook? (1) “The Greeks considered education to be a medium for intellectual development only. Q) ‘The Greeks believed that education helps mould character. (8) For the Greeks, education provided a link between learning and prosperity (4) For the Greeks, education provided merely an acquaintance with facts. (5) The Greek scholars had an air of exclusiveness. ©) For the Greeks, education refines delicacy of feeling, Hints: A discipline and molding of character, a training in public spirit, a suppresion of the individual, a devotion to civic ends. I is, on the one hand, mental illumination, but it also implies refinement and delicacy aoffeling 4, Voltaire was a great French writer of the eighteenth century. Indeed, he was one of the greatest men whom European civilization produced. He was truthful, colerant and benevolent. He sneered at everything. He was a man of critical genius and humanity. He was a man of perfect character and had a dynamic personality. He was anti-Nazi by nature, Above all, he was a man of contradictions. He was mischievous but a free-man. Frederick was a German dictator who believed in force, fraud and cruclty. He was a great organizer and was over-ambitious, He was a cultivated bue sensitive gentleman. He believed in freedom of speech bur he was a tyrant. Voltaire loved the human race while Frederick despised the human race, This is the dividing line between Voltaire and Frederick, Voltaire believed in humanity whercas Frederick did not. Frederick was a cynic whereas Voltaire was an optimist. On being invited, Voltaire visited Frederick and stayed in Berlin. In the beginning, they were cordial and praised each other. the la Volta. the hidden cruelty in Frederis i iesome li in Voltaire. Voltaire involved in a shady financial transaction, He quarteled with another French man, drank too much chocolate and thus he gave more trouble to the King, At last, he left Berlin after a stay of two years, But Frederick, who was cynical, worked through his Gestapo and got Voltaire and his niece anrested. Voltaire was imprisoned and tormented. With the king’s intervention, Voltaire was released. Voltaire, for all his Faults, was a free-man but Frederick was a tyrant.BET = aovantace Q. How did Fredrick and Voltaire see each other in later years? (1) Voltaire saw Fredrick as troublesome. (2) Fredsicke saw Voltaire asa shady character. (3) Voltaire saw Fredrick as cruel (&) Fredrick saw Voltaire asa fraudster, (5) Voltaire saw Fredrick as cultivated but sensitive. ©) Fredrick saw Voltaire as a man of contradi (7) Voltaire saw Fredrick as cynical Hints: But in the later years, Voltaire found the hidden cruelty in Frederick. Frederick al saw the tiresome little monkey in Voltaire 5, My father died twice. The first time was in an ambulance as he was rushed to the hospital after suffering a heart attack, His heart had stopped beating for several minutes before the paramedics "were able to revive him. Afterwards, he described a vision he had as he lay without a pulse in the speeding ambulance. He saw his brother Joe, who had passed away some years earlier, dressed in flowing white robes sitting on a kind of throne at the top of hill. As my father approached, Joe was, laughing uproariously and waving his hand, urging him to turn around and go back. The second time my father died was about three years later. Again it was his heare that failed him. This time, though his brother Joe wasnt there ro wave him back to this world. ‘What my father encountered in the back of that ambulance was a classic example of a near death experience (NDE). According to statistics compiled by the International Association for Near-Death studies some 35~40% of people who have had a close brush with death later report a NDE. -ommonly tell of a felis the self. e th dark sg wnnel, a vision of golden light f the message “your time has not yet come”, "Are NDE's evidence for life after death or are they just che lst, desperate projections of the dying brain? While modern science can explain why we age, it tells us very little about why we die, much less about what happens, if anything, after death. “In death, science is pitted against an impenetrable information barrier’, says David Darling, an astronomer and physicist who has ‘writen several books on death and dying, “When we di, each of us makes a solo flight across that barrier and gives up all possibility of sending back news of what we find”. Q. Which of the following does a person who has a NDE, experience? (1) An urge to go around and turn back @) A sensation of moving ina tunnel G) Avision of golden light (G) Passing a message that “your time has come” (5) The “self “leaving the body (6) Solo flight across the barrierHints: They commonly tell of a feeling thatthe self bas left the body, a sensation of moving through a dark space or tunnel, a vision of golden or white light and the receipt in some form of the message “your time has not yet come” CHAPTER 4: READING MODULE Re-order Paragraphs Directions: The texts below (each beginning with a letter of the alphabet) have been placed in a random | In physical methods: Boiling is che most common physical method which a common man gen erally practices. If we boil a product at 100°C for sufficient time all the harmful bacteria are killed. Drying the products like peas, spices, coriander, mint etc. in sun kills all che bacteria by making water unavailable for bacteria to thrive on. Making delicious, spicy pickles by putting lor of oil and sale is also a common man's method of food preservation. | Lam sure all of you must have come across the term pasteurized milk used extensively by milk vendors. Pasteurization is a process of raising the temperature for a short time and then cooling it | quickly. le makes the milk safe to drink and kills ll the disease causing bacteria. You must know that pasteurization and boiling are very different from each other, boiling can easily be accomplished in our homes but pasteurization is done in big industries only. ization of packed disposable instruments like contact lenses and syringes is done wich gamma radiation. Not everyone can use this process as it has co be done in a proper scientific setup and itis | also very costly Incineration is another process to destroy biomedical waste from hospitals, we all know waste > _| from hospitals is highly infectious and is prone to be misused for example used syringes and needles. Incineration is a major physical process in which waste is burnt at high temperature in a furnace © | with a long chimney. Before I discuss various chemical methods to kill harmful bacteria I hope all the physical methods are clear to you. > BBB treck 10 But before starting your exercise schedule you must keep three things in mind: Firstly, because any increase in the physical activity can lower your blood sugar level, you need to = _ | plan your meals and your medical dosage. Buc do nor forget to consult your doctor in this regard. Exercising without the consultation of your doctor is not only dangerous but can be fatal too. 0 Secondly, have regular medical checkups. This will keep you informed about your health status and will also help your doctor in predicting your progress properly. ‘And at last. check your blood sugar level before and after exercising. This is very important as you will get a firsthand knowledge about your sugar level and you'll also come face to face with the benefits or any side-effects of the exercise that you are doing, Mostly you'll reap the benefits only; > _ | though sometimes over-exercising can cause problems “The different exercises that I would recommend are walking, jogging, cycling, swimming, rowing, © _ | aerobics etc. Aerobic exercises are the best as they strengthen the heart and the lungs. Do the exercise that suits you, but begin slowly. In the beginning spend 5-10 minutes daily. You can increase the | intensity and duration of your exercise gradually. Sometimes, in order to get healthy quickly, people follow very strict regime of exercise. I would advise you to never ever exercise beyond what your body allows, as over-exertion can result in dangerous consequences. So stay fit.FER ore aovanrace GM trek Lasers have some special characteristics. Four main characteristics of lasers distinguish it from light produced by other sources e.g. an electric bulb, the sun etc. Light produced by a laser cravels only in one direction and is highly directional, whereas light produced by the sun travels in all directions. “The second characteristic is that the light from a laser consists of normally one frequency, which ‘means light waves are all in tandem with one another. The light produced is coherent. ‘Thirdly, the laser light is of single colour. By comparison if you look at white light from a light bulb and pass it through a glass prism, you would see a whole spectrum of colours. The fourth one is chat the laser light is very bright. If someone looks at a laser directly, it can cause serious damage to his/her eyes. Some lasers are very powerful In industry, che laser has a variety of uses. For example: industrial lasers cue teeth in saws, eyes in surgical needles, and guide bulldozers to raze buildings. Surveyors, use a laser range finder, to measure distance in making maps. A laser beam can be used to melt (and so cut) extremely hard materials. You'll find them in virtually everything from CD players co dental drills to high-speed metal cutting machines to measuring systems. Tattoo making and then its removal, hair transplant/replace- ‘ment, eye surgery ~ they all use lasers. In communications, a laser can transmit voice messages and television signals. The laser has great advantages over ordinary electronic transmitcers, radio and TV signals. As a laser operates at a much higher frequency, a laser beam can carry much more infor- ‘mation than radio waves. Also, because a laser produces a highly directional beam, it can transmit information with very litte interference. GM track 12 Good morning everybody. Asso called expert in lower arrangement, I would like to share with you something regarding this beautiful ar. Flower arrangement has been an age-old art form. Though in the West arranging flowers in ower pots has been in fashion, yet i is the Japanese that developed the art of flower arrangement in which every element has a particular role to play. “This arc form is called Ikebana in Japanese. ‘Ikebana’ means ‘Flowers kept alive’ Ikebana uses symbols to portray as to how nature and art relate to the daily living. This practice of beautifully arranging flowers has been popular for over 600 years. Tt has its origin in the religious ritual of Bud ddhism, in which Rowers are offered to che spirits of the dead. In the sixth century, a Japanese emissary to China brought back the knowledge of how to sustain life in cut floral material by adding, water. Shordly afies, the first formal school of flower arrangement was established by a priest. The use of flower arrangements spread very quickly from the priesthood and temples to the nobility and their hhomes. It received a status of an art form and therefore came to be recognized as something that is away from religious rituals. Initially ic was taught to the people by priests and noblemen. Later there emerged many schools of Ikebana that covered different styles of flower arrangement.~_ TRANSCRIPTS FOR SPEAKING AND LISTENING MODULES mo ‘With the passage of time, Ikebana became an integral part of the traditional festivals with elabo- ~ | sate displays or exhibitions. Even the rules and materials were prescribed. Ar this stage, Ikebana was based on its original concept of three stems that represented heaven, | man and the Earth. o TB track 13 a ‘The skeleton comprises of some 206 bones. It’s the skeleton only that provides the overall frame for ‘our body. Besides, it also provides support to the structure of our body. ‘The bones are made up of > | tissue that comprises of fiber, cells and mineral salts. Well, different bones are of different sizes and shapes. hese are long, short, flat and irregular. Short bones are short, cube-shaped, and are found | in the wrists and ankles. Flat bones, like ribs, cranial bones, bones of shoulder girdle, help in protection of organs and attachment of muscles and therefore are broad-surfaced. All other bones that do © | nor fall into these categories are termed irregular bones. They have varied shapes, sizes, and surface features and include che bones of the vertebrae and a few in the skull. The interaction of the muscular and skeleral systems helps in carrying out the bodily movement. For this reason, they arc often grouped together as the musculo-skelecal system. Muscles are con~ nected to bones by tendons. Bones are connected to cach other by ligaments. Where bones meet one © | another is typically called a joint. Muscles which cause movement of a joint are connected t0 two different bones and contract to pull them together. Blood cells are produced by the marrow located > | in some bones. An average of 2.6 million red blood cells is produced each second by the bone marrow to replace those worn our and destroyed by the liver. BB track 14 : Good Morning, students, T'm Dr. George. Today I'll be talking about one of the most important (> | areas thae make up an optimum health plan. There are five key areas namely, diet, exercise, smoking, alcohol and stress. Today, I'll be talking about diet. The dier is the sum of food consumed by a person or other organism. Dietary habits are the habitual decisions an individual or culeure makes when choosing what foods to eat. Although humans are omnivores, each culture holds some food. preferences and some food taboos. Individual dietary choices may be more ot less healthy. Proper >| nuuition requires the proper ingestion and equally important, the absorption of vitamins, minerals, and fuel in the form of carbohydrates, proteins, and fats. Dietary habits and choices play a > | significane role in health and mortality, and can also define cultures and play a role in religion. Studies have proved that our diet is the most important factor that contributes to out long life. © | One ofthe most healthful, amongst others, is the Mediterranean diet, which has been proved to allow the greatest protection against cardiac disorders and cancer. The Mediterranean diet comprises tice,PTE ADVANTAGE pasca, cheese, green leafy vegetables,oliveoil,comatoes, dried beansand peas, nuts freshfruitandnature’s finestantioxidant, theredwine. ThecommonMediterraneandietary pattern hasthefollowingingredients + high consumption of fruits, vegetables, bread and other cereals, potatoes, beans, nuts and seeds * olive oil + dairy products, fish and poultry are consumed in low to moderate amounts, along with a litte red meat + eggs are consumed zero to four times a week * wine is consumed in low to moderate amounts GE track 15 Directions: You will hear a sentence. Please repeat the sentence exactly as you hear it. You will hear the sentence only once. You arc allowed 15 seconds after each sentence to repeat it. 1. es important to recruit women and minorities but i’ just as important to focus on what happens once they arrive. 2. Internet was based on the idea that there would be multiple independent networks of | rather arbitrary design. 3. Students in ther final year are supposed co write a dissertation, igh school lab reports ate often simply brief summaries of the science experiments being performed. 5. Hurricanes and other tropical storms are deadlier than just surging water and howling wind. 6. ‘The study provided an insight inco the genetic architecture of bees. 7. Market indexes are intended to represent an entire stock market. 8. If you face any problem understanding the task, drop me a line anytime. 9. Some animals cend to produce different sounds when in danger. 10. Biomedical waste poscs a significant threat these days. HE tracks 16 Directions: You will hear a question. Please give a simple and short answer. Often just one ora few ‘words is enough. You ate allowed to 20 seconds after each question to speak out the answer.TRANSCRIPTS FOR SPEAKING AND LISTENING MODULES If you stil fel like working ac the end of che day, what do we say you don't feel? Which section of a book mentions the references from where the content is sourced? ‘What is known to cause tides? ‘What do you eat after finishing with the main course? 5. What is the human-like figure on which clothes are put on display called? ‘Who takes the luggage to your room when you check in a hotel? If handwriting is not understandable, what do we say it is? 8, Whats the large board called where advertisements are displayed? ‘What isa short speech given in the memory of someone who has just died called? 10. What do we call someone who has passed out of college or school? (BB) track 17 — Example: Summari: eeNe Me ° Spoken Text Directions: You will hear a short lecture. Write a summary for a fellow student who was not present at the lecture. You should write 50-70 words. You have 10 minutes to finish this task. Footwear styles evolved gradually during the mediaeval times. There was a time when length of a toe indicated status; the longer the toe, the higher the status. OF course, the King had shoes with the longest coes. Of course, chat was true only of men. The pointed toe slowly yielded place to the rounded of the square toe. As in the case of the pointed toe, this later style too soon gor distorted. ‘The toes kept on gaining width, again the widch indicating high fashion, if not high status. It is sai that during the reign of Henry VIII, it was common to see toes up to 6.5 inches wide. Such footwear came to be known as foot bags. Another popular style was a low cut shoe with a strap and buckle fastening across the ankle and a square toe. Both styles could have slashed decorations on the toe. In the 17th Century, men wore shoes and mules with a square toe, often blocked and domed. ‘Women wore shoes with pointed toes since that was considered to be more feminine. An important innovation in 1660 was the buckle that was used to fasten a shoe. Ar first popular with men, women eventually wore chem too, replacing ribbon latchets wich buckle latchers. ‘The 19ch Century is characterized by the predominance of boots both for men and women. Apart from boots, women wore court shoe style shoes in a variety of different materials, from satin and silk. to reprile and drawn leathers. Men had a choice between the Oxford shoe, with front lacing and a closed tab and the Derby shoe, with front lacing and an open toe. The 20th Century saw a variety of shoe styles and the rise of the shoe designers.PTE ADVANTAGE (BODE track 18 — Example: Summarize Spoken Text Directions: You will hear a short lecture. Write a summary for «fellow student who was not present at the lecture. You should write 50-70 words. You have 10 minutes to finish this task. From the wheel co the supersonic jet, humanity has progressed by leaps and bounds in transportation. The whee! is everywhere — it is used in our cars, rains, planes, machines, wagons, and most factory and farm equipment. Even though the wheel is a significant invention, itis not known who made the first wheel. “The earliest records for the oldest wheel have been found in archeological excavations. The oldest wheel was discovered in Mesopotamia and is believed to be over fifty-five hundred years old. Now, how was the wheel actually invented? What inspired man to invent the wheel? Well, this was all not sudden, Ie was a gradual change. Earlier humans did not have any methods to move heavy loads except for lifting them. However, man discovered that heavy things could be moved more easly if a round thing like a tree trunk was placed underneath it so that the load could be rolled over it. ‘Another way that humans found co move heavy objects was to use the sledge. Humans realized that sled could be dragged to move a heavy load. When a sled and a wedge were put together it led to the invention of the sledge. Later man chought to use the logs and the sledge together. Several logs or rollers were putin 2 row. Now the sledge could be dragged from overone roller to the next. Choose Multiple Answers Directions: Listen co the recording and answer the question by selecting all the correct responses. You will need to select more than one response. Now, HIV goes through different stages. The fist stage isthe Acute Viral Infection. It has an incuba- tion period of 1-3 weeks. Usually at this time, no symptoms are noticed or even felt. However, there ‘can bea flulike infection — fever, headache, sore throat, meningitis, etc. By the time this stage ends, there has been a high production of antibodies by the immune system. These antibodies can usually be detected by the ELISA test after 3-4 weeks of the virus being transmitted into the body through sex, mother to child transmission, or being injected by infected needles. Stage two is Completely Asymptomatic, This crage lasts for approximately six or more years in 65-85% of the cases. At this stage, HIV can be detected in the blood, semen, and cervical secretions because a huge number of antibodies have been produced. The CD4 and also the T cells disappear from or drastically reduce in the blood. Stage three is the final stage. [vis che stage of the overt disease. It is at this stage that many “oppor~ tunistic” infections can attack the body. These are called opportunistic because these are caused by organisms which do not ordinarily induce illness in people with normal immune systems, but take the opportunity to flourish in people with particularly weak immune system.TRANSCRIPTS FOR SPEAKING AND LISTENING MODULES a Choose Multiple Answers Directions: Listen to the recording and answer the question by selecting all che correct responses. You will need to select more than one response. Square foot gardening could also be called French Intensive or a bio intensive method of farming. ‘The one master of this field is Mel Bartholomew who has popularized this concept. The process is so simple w follow. Fitst you need to create a raised bed of soil. You can use your own soil mixture or a soil mixture purchased at a nursery. After this, the bed is divided into sections of one square feet cach, After this, you then choose which types of plants you wish to plant. You also need to consider compost and this can come from various manures such as chicken or other livestock, green waste oF from worm castings. As you are arranging your garden, you want to create pathways. This is to avoid having to step on the soil or compact it in anyway. Furthermore, this makes weeding and watering easier. This method of gardening can be used in almose any region or climate and perfectly suitable for urban areas where there is not a lor of space for growing plants. This method is suitable forall types of plants including flowers, herbs, fruits and vegetables. track 21 — Example: Fill in the Blanks Ditections: You will heat a recording, Type the missing words in each blank. Socialism, irrespective of its classical or modernistic definition, stands for an organization of society, and more especially for an economic organization, radically opposed to, and differing from, the organization which prevails today. The so called orthodox economists of the school of Mill and Ricardo accepted the capitalistic system as part of the order of nature, and their object was mainly to analyze the peculiar operations incident to it. (EB track 22 — Example: Fill in the Blanks Direstions: You will hear a recording. Type the missing words in each blank. “To start with, the farmer practiced ‘extensive cultivation’. A stretch of land would be cultivated to ‘grow crops and then abandoned, for some time at least, in favor of a new stretch. This was pethaps when land was so abundant that there was no need for ownership. Gradually, chere was a perceptible shift toward “intensive farming’. Now the same fields were cultivated year after year. After the ‘owner’ household had finished cutting of corn and grass in their allocted pieces of land, che remaining grass and stubble became common meadow and was thrown open for the community cattle to graze around.PTE ADVANTAGE [EBB track 23 — Example: Highlight Correct Summary Directions: You will heat a recording, Click on the paragraph that best relates co the recording, “The baby at birth is born practically blind and deaf. Also, ic is without any definite sense of este or ] smell. Left to itself, it will be like any blind and deaf person who also lacks any sense of touch, taste or smell, Such a person would not see, hear, and even feel anything, When there is no reception, there also is no perception, no intelligence ~ an absolute nothing. Perhaps the newborn is only a Shade bertcr: Ie does havea sense of couch with some degree of clarity, and a vague awareness of its surroundings. A little later, follows an imperfect vision and a reception of sound. The sense of taste and smell also come into being. The senses, at birch, had all been dormant for the most part. It takes time for them to awaken, or be awakened. Slowly, the world starts unfolding itself before the child, as the latter progresses to become a perceptive, the sentient being [HB track 24 — Example: Highlight Correct Summary Directions: You will hear a recording. Click on che paragraph that best relates to the recording. “Think of Christmas. So many images come to our minds. The image of carol-singers and decked- up churches, wherein hordes of people sing pacans ro the Birth of the Holy One. Images of snow- bound exteriors but warm hearths and homes, illuminated with light and color, feasting and revelry, greetings and gifts, customs and traditions, even superstitions of the yore ~ out of respect for past practices, or simply out of nostalgia. Even with the myriad of images, there is still something about Christmas thac goes beyond. Christmas is much more of a complex phenomenon than merely the festivities, the prayers and the customs. The celebration of the Birth of the Divine Child is just a | small clement of the whole mystery surrounding this grand old festival. Is it only the devout that celebrate? Is it not that the festival arouses different feelings among different generations, across different regions of the world? What is ic chat unites them in giving it the scale and the status? [HIE Treck 25 — Example: Multiple Choice, Choose Single Answer Directions: Listen to che recording and answer the multiple choice question by selecting the correct response. Only one response is correct. “The issue of ‘intelligence’ among ‘lower’ animal forms has often attracted animared discussion, It can be seen that these animal forms act on instinct blindly. They don't use, rather can't use, pastTRANSCRIPTS FOR SPEAKING AND LISTENING MODULES ‘experience to guide their acts, The acts of intelligence ascribed to them are nothing but automated instincts as those of a machine, devoid of any foresight. A mud-wasp, for example, builds its nest in a sheltered place, using just the right consistency of clay, leaving a door open. Then it fetches just the right kind of spider, benumbing it with its sting but just leaving the spider alive, laying ies eggs ‘on the benumbed spider, so chat the latter can serve asa source of food for its own progeny immediately after they hatch. Lastly ic seals the door to protect the would-be young wasps from predators, and just flies away. This ought to be, but is not, a marvel of intelligence. Let any of the parameters change, the mud-wasp will not know what to do and will perish. ‘This is instinct, not intelligence. Several species of insects and animals have done such marvelous things collectively and instinctively but have failed whenever they are taken out of their instinctive ‘shell’, whenever any novel conditions are presented to which they have not been accustomed. | Directions: Listen co the recording and answer the multiple choice question by selecting che correct, response, Only one response is correct. ‘Now, how do we know ifany Asian Honey bees have entered Australia? We determine this by looking at the diet of a bird called the Rainbow Bee Eater. The bee eater doesntt care what it eats as long as ic is insects, The interesting thing about this bied is that we are able to analyze exactly what it eats and that’ really helpful when we are looking for introduced insect species. This is due to the fact chac insects have their skeletons outside of their bodies. The bee eaters are unable to digest the skeletons and vomit those up after digesting all the soft tissue underneath. ‘The wings will be brought up as a small pellet and the skeleton as a small ball of waste material. We are able to do this analysis by ‘racking down the bee eaters and find their favorite feeding spots; you know those places where they usually feed. Ics here thae we can find the pellets. We collect chese pellets and take them back to che lab for analysis. (I track 27 — Example: Select Missing Word Directions: You will hear a recording about earthquakes. At the end of the recording, the last word or group of words has been replaced by a beep. Select the correct option to complete the recording, According to their origin, earthquakes are grouped broadly into three classes. The first one pertains to the rather undecipherable local shocks caused by alignment and realignment of rocks at a small location. The second type consists of volcanic earthquakes. They are also local occurrences, but sometimes are of great intensity at or near the point of occurrence. Lastly, there are the tectonic earthquakes, the ones directly connected with the shaping of the earths crust. They vary in strength from the barely perceptible tremor to the most devastating and widely feltWET Fe 0 vanrace (EBB track 28 — Exampl Directions: You will hear a recording about Roosevelt. At the end of che recording, the last word or ‘group of words has been replaced by a beep. Select the correct option to complete the recording, Select Mis: g Word Nothing happens by accident, the fataist would say. Surprisingly this holds true even for the ration- alist, Man is as much a product of nurcure ~ the circumstances he is brought up in ~ as of nature = what he is born wich. Iris the circumstances that mold him, Karl Mars, the progenitor of socialism and communism, also perhaps had an upbringing as deserving of serious study as the path of a cyclone. Having been brought up in a certain environment, he was convinced that capitalism had induced conditions that could not be controlled by the old capitalist HEB track 29 — Example: Highlight Incorrect Words Directions: You will hear a recording, Below is a transcription of the recording, Some words in the transcription differ from what the speaker(6) said. Please click on the words chac are differen. ‘Nothing in the universe is stationary. Change is pechaps the only constant. Governing classes ~ them the privileged classes — have their rise, culmination and fall. The industrial era brought i wake enormous changes in human environment and created a new class of barons and lords. ‘This ‘was the entrepreneurial class of industrialists, capitalists, financers and their ilk. The feudal classes of the yore suffered a slow decline, The new class perhaps was more democratic, being more dependent ‘on the contribution of the commoner for its own progress and prosperity. [HEI track 30 — Example: Highlight Incorrect Words Directions: You will hear 2 recording, Below is a transcription of the recording, Some words in the transcription differ from whac the speaker(s) said. Please click on the words that are different. Addiction is of many types. One of the addictions is the alcohol addiction. No doubt intake of alcohol in moderate quantity could be good for che health, but if taken in excess it has serious consequences. Most of the adverse physical effects are due to consumption of alcohol at levels above recommended sensible limits. Drinking too much of alcohol on a single occasion or over time can take a serious toll on your health. Alcohol badly affects almost all the organs, like brain, heart and immune system, but it most affects and damages the liver. Habitual drinking may also lower your immunity and slow down your body's ability to keep infections ac bay — even up to 24 hours afer getting drunk,_~ TRANSCRIPTS FOR SPEAKING AND LISTENING MODULES fas) a [EBB treck 31 — Example: Write from Dictations Directions: You will hear a recording, Below isa transcription of the recording. Some words in the transcription differ from what the speaker(s) said. Please click on the words that are different. 1, There are many alternative terms for the people of Germany. [EBD track 32 — Example: Write from Dictations Directions: You will hear a recording, Below is a transcription of the recording, Some words in the transcription differ from what the speaker(s) said. Please click on the words that are different. 2. “This is supposed to bring contemporary art closer to HR track 33 Directions: You will hear a sentence. Write the sentence exactly as you hear it. Write as much of the sentence as you can. You will hear the sentence only once. You ate allowed 1 minute to write each sentence, people. 1. Shakespeare wrote more than thirty plays. 2. E-learning has become the most convenient method of studying, 3. The format of the cest has been aligned to match the school curriculum closely. 4, Preventive measures in this area are not feasible 5. Using the scalpel is one of the basic things learnt in an anatomy class. 6. The book describes the appearance and manners of characters in the beginning. 7. The boy was struggling to find a place to live in a foreign land. 8. Statements may sometimes be framed to trick a person. 9. The schedule has been organized to make it more understandable. 10. Humans are remarkably adepe at compartmentalization.EET PTE ADVANTAGE GM track 34 Directions for Questions 1-5: You will hear a short lecture for cach question. Write a suramary for ‘afellow student who was not present at the lecture. You should write 50-70 words for each summary. ‘You have 10 minutes to finish each task. Your response will be judged on the quality of your weiting and on how well your response presents the key points presented in the lecture “The very first step of effective listening is tuning in. A good listener must be physically and mentally pre pared to listen, One must practice focusing on whats being said with undivided arencéon. Tis means that you should forget al helt or even not so lite things which come into your mind and focus entirely on what the person is saying, A lor of times, people experience absent-mindedness. They begin to listen to someone speak and in the course of their listening, random thoughts start invading their minds, This is actually a very normal thing, buc the key is to not give your attention to these random thoughts. When this happens, you tend to forget the person who is speaking, What also happens i that wwe get too focused on listening for the important points, particularly in a lecture, and then make the thistake of not getting certain key details or minor points which can be important to know. Alot of stu- ddenes-will have the notion thac other than the key points, everything else is irrelevant and this is just not the case. What is not said sometimes is just as important as what is being said. I'm making a reference, bf course, to inferences. Those ae things which are not sad, but can be deduced or suggested from what the speaker is saying. A good listener needs to halt judgment and wait until che other person is finished before contemplating whacis being inferzed or not, as wel as to know whats relevant and not relevant ea Track 35 ‘Currently, there are alot of single parents in our society and they have special needs. ‘Women end sip being single parents for any number of reasons, but che main reasons could be by choice, through divorce or separation and death otherwise knawn as widowhood. For single mothers it is wery hard o discharge their responsibilities. On one hand, a single mother might be quite efficient in doing things on her own and for her own benef, but should she havea child ot ewe, then i becomes much more diffcul, les recommended that single mothers should get together to create a support retwork where several mothers can communicate with each other and provide much needed assistance. Single mothers should also plan to have a male figure in their ive, who can serve as good male role models particularly in benef for their sons. This ean be anyone whom the mother trusts such asa grandfather, father, brother or even 2 trusted friend.TRANSCRIPTS FOR SPEAKING AND LISTENING MODULES 147 Furthermore, you don't want to discuss your own problems or issues in great depth or detail with your children. This will burden them unnecessarily and many will have difficulty understanding what you may be going through. You should always maintain a barricade between your child’ world and that of the grownup world. As your child grows and matures, they will eventually come to understand and appreciate the adule world. To do otherwise isto rsk a child developing unrealistic expectations or fears concerning the adult world, Now that’ a good way to protect their emotional health HR track 36 ‘There was a time when Japan was a symbol of enormous economic growth, but with the burst ofits economic bubble in the late twentieth century it has plunged into recession. It is quite interesting to sce if Japan can pass through her problems and overcome her latest economic crisis, In the 1980's real estate prices were at the peak, and most of the investors invested theit money in the booming stock market of Japan. In fact, for the lure of the land, there seemed to be no end. Everything was on a surge, and the government, financial institutions as well as individuals hardly paid any ear to the warning signs of a forthcoming crash. Unfortunately, the inevitable economic bust slashed land and stock prices. ‘The result ofthe crash was spectacular. Many organizations had to shut shop due to poor sales and bad debt. Many financial institutions had to bear a colossal load of non recoverable loans, which was the outcome when companies, dependent on profits from land investments to repay loans, found themselves insolvent. Besides, many individual depositors, fearing a collapse of more banks and security companies, withdrew their money en masse. ‘The government's attempt to revive che sluggish and contracting economy did not bear any fruie. ‘The measures taken to bring the economy back on track included tax cuts and public works spending, but the impact of these was insignificant. More so, the governments decision to augment the ‘ax on consumption from 3 to 5% had a disastrous effect on consumer spending. As for the business sector, various measures had been taken by the government to integrate management, but this caused other il eects, including surging unemployment among older workers, which dealt a hefty blow to the recovery process. HBB track 37 ‘The places along or close to the Indus River are the treasure trove of the remnants of the earliest selecting all the correct responses. You will need to select more than one response for each answer. © BB track 39 >> | The method for preparing teais pretty much the same for all reas, with slight vatiations. The preparation begins literally on the plant. Tea leaves are plucked twice a year in spring and early summer and © | this is usually done by hand. Machines could be used, but machines affect the quality of the tea. Ie seems the leaves love the human touch. After the leaves are picked, they begin to wile and this stars the next step in the process and that is withering. Wichering is done to remove excess water from the leaves. This can be done by putting the leaves out under the sun or leaving them in a cool and breezy room. After withering, the leaves are macerated or bruised in order to quicken oxidation. Macera- > | tion is typically done by kneading, rolling, tearing and crushing the leaves. This part can be done by ‘machines, but again, this affects the quality. After the oxidation process, the next step is to dampen © | the leaves and chen roll chem out to form wrinkled strips. Ths is again done by hand. By doing this, sap, essential oils and juices inside the leaves ooze out, and this is what is responsible for enhancing © | the flavors of the tea, Next comes the step of drying, This can be done in any number of ways and these include panning, sunning, air drying or baking. Great care is taken not to overcook the leaves; otherwise the leaves will not be fit for market. ‘The final process is grading and sorting. Once the A | teas have been graded and sorted, they are weighed and packed into plywood chests, multi-walled bags or corrugated cardboard cartons. All of these containers have an inner lining of aluminum foil. © BB track 40 If you are a mother for the frst time or considering being a mother, you can expect to encounter © | many changes in your life. Being a mother can be and is very tough and different from what you have already experienced. This will affect all aspects of your life including your relationships, especially your relationship with your partner because a new person is going to share in your life together. | Many women will also sacrifice their careers, social life and sense of freedom in response to being a ‘mother. Taking care of a baby che whole day through can be very debilitating for some and you may © | at times feel that you are losing control of everything. Now, should you start feeling this way, here are some strategies to cope. First, talk to your partner © | and explain how you are feeling, Try and motivate your partner to share in the responsibilities of caring for your child both physically and emotionally. Remember, parenthood in a proper family is a two way street and both you and your partner can be of great help and support to each other for > _| the sake of your child.PTE ADVANTAGE Consult with other mothers as they may have developed strategies for coping and sharing and this will also give you a sense of support as well a a feeling of nor being alone. ‘Try not to overwork yourself and, if you can, delegate tasks for your partner to assist you with. Dont do everything yourself Also, don't be aftaid to accept help that is offered by friends or family ‘members you trust. This is not only good for you as it can help reduce the stress you will experience, but also help ou in socializing your child. GB trek 41 “The Academic Student Visa is for those who have already completed their primary education in the UK and want to study further. You can apply for this visa to start your secondary education. This visa will allow you to work in the UK for six months. Ics the only visa which demands completion of primary education in the UK. ‘The Professional Visitor Visa is for those who are under age 17 and wish to study for less than six months. If you wish to extend your course of study, you cannot swap to an Academic Student Visa while you are in the UK. You must return to your home country and apply there. “The University Student Visa is for those who are attending courses for over post-20 education. Holders of this visa may be eligible for work in the UK. ‘Adult visitor visas are for students over the age of 18 who wish to study for up co six months. “This visa does not allow for work while in the UK. Students may only extend their visa or switch to a student visa by returning to their home country. Student Visa is a visa you can apply for if you are between the ages of 20 and 30 and intend to attend a full time, fee paying institution for more than six months. 20 and 21 year olds may attend part time fee paying establishments Parent Visas are for those who want to come to the UK prior to choosing their course of study and will be coming with a parent. You will need to start your course within 6 months of arrival. You may switch to an Adule or Child Student Visa whl months and are in in the UK without returning to your home country. GB track 42 Vitamins play an important roe in our health and prevent deficiency diseases. For instance, vitamin ‘A prevents the skin and other tissues from drying out. It also plays a major role in making a light sensitive substance in the eyes. People who are deficient in vitamin A will have poor eyesight. Ie may also develop into a condition that dries the eyes. It can lead to infections and eventually blindness. Fish liver oil is a great source of this vitamin. It can also be found in egg yolks, sweet potatocs, car- rots, and dark colored fruits and vegetables.TRANSCRIPTS FOR SPEAKING AND LISTENING MODULES az (Our next vitamin is vitamin B1 also known as thiamine. Thiamine helps in changing starchy food. into energy. Without it, we would be weak and would not be able to grow. Vitamin B1 is found in brown rice, nuts, meat, fish, beans and peas. Folic acid is an important nutrient and for this to work, wwe need vitamin B12. This can be found in fish, eggs, meat and milk products. During pregnancy, ‘many problems with the fetus can be prevented with the help of folic acid; therefore vitamin B12 is needed. Researchers in Japan have identified another member of the B family and have named it PQQ. Ic was found that PQQ is important for both the reproductive and immune systems, PQQ can be found in fermented soybeans, green tea, green apples, green peppers and in kiwi fruit. For stronger bones and teeth as well as strong immune systems, vitamin C is essential. It helps in wound healing as well. Very litte vitamin C is stored in the body and therefore we must take this daily. It can be found in most fruits, especially citrus fruits, comavoes and uncooked cabbage. Vitamin D is essential for bone health and works with calcium in maintaining and building strong bones. Milk and milk products are a major source of vitamin D. track 43 Tc appears that people in Britain are seriously concerned about corruption, which is very different from newspaper claims that people are resigned to it. People want a corruption-free political system atall levels for their country. In fact, people are more resistant to graft than the press would have us believe. Of course, I have to do a more intensive research into this as I need to figure out whether the public would organize themselves into a social group to fight against the menace. My first leg of research has gone well and rather unexpectedly so. Ic has taught me a lesson too. ‘When I received full support from my subjects, it was my own colleagues who thought I hadn't properly planned the whole thing. Despite the problems and resistance, T met with a wide variety of subjects and was able to collect enough data to gather some rather starling information on our views regarding corruption in Britain. As | mentioned, the newspapers tend to downplay the fact that corruption is going on. OF the subjects who participated fully, over 75% have stated that they are very deeply concerned about corruption and out of those, over 50% have stated that they have personal experiences with corrupt officials. When compared to what the newspapers say about corruption, well, needless to say, this is rather shocking indeed. Directions for Questions 1-5: For each question, you will hear a recording, Select the missing words for each blank.PTE ADVANTAGE Pl Track 44 “The aurochs. The aurochs is the ancestor of cattle and is extinct wild cattle that inhabited Europe, Asia and North Africa and died in che forests of Poland. It was dark in color. The bulls had a light cel stripe along the back and the cows were lighter in color. They also had uniquely shaped horns. In the 13th century, the aurochs were limited to Europe and later became limited solely to royal households because they became so rare due to extensive hunt. At one point it was illegal ro hune ‘aurochs and this crime was punishable by death. The last ofaurochs was a female which died in 1627 from natural causes. Anyway, the punishment did not make any effect on the improvement of the aurochs population. GH track as Development concerns whether or not the child is growing, particularly towards their own potential as well as discovering and developing their own strengths and talents, Socialization takes into consi ‘ration how the teenager responds to and participates with family, friends, siblings and peers. With academics, the consideration is with work habits, performance and the teenager general attitude towards school and their own education. When we look ac consistency becween home and school we are looking at how the scudenc is developing skills for self-regard as well as their own expectations regarding their behavior and responsibilities. GM track 46 “The food chain is an important part of an ecosystem. Biotic and abiotic factors both contribute to i ‘The plants prepare food with the help of sunlight, water, minerals and carbon dioxide. These plants are eaten by herbivorous animals which are plant eaters. Further, they become the food for carnivorous animals. Man stands at the top of the food chain and is called the ultimate consumer. During this whole process, the transfer of energy takes place in every stage. Plants render oxygen to the ai mals and man. In return, animals and man exhale carbon dioxide which is taken up by the plants. ee Track 47 Cancer is a category of diseases that are distinguished by abnormal growth of cells that leads to the origin of lumps called rumors. Leukemia is the exception because it forbids the normal functioning of blood by creating chunk-like formations. ‘These formations grow in size and impede the function[A TRANSCRIPTS FOR SPEAKING AND LISTENING MODULES 7 © | of various ongan systems. Sometimes it goes unchecked because of the absence of sympcoms in the | early sages. There are several agents thar aid cancer and these are known as carcinogens. These are calpable of damaging DNA. © TEBE track 48 _~ | The history of English began during the Sth century AD. At the time, Britain, specifically England, vas inhabited by Celtic people as well as those who were of Roman descent of a mixture of both. (© | Celtic and Romans. The languages spoken were both the local Celtic languages and Latin. During the 5" century, Britain was invaded by three Germanic tribes, the Angles, Saxons and Jutes. During © | these times, many of the native peoples were pushed into what is now Wales and Scotland. Much of the language that the Celtic people spoke emerged more as a tribal language. ‘These languages, © | the old Celtic as well as Latin mixed with the Germanic languages that were spoken by the Angles, Saxons and Jutes. From this intermingle is where the Old English has been derived. The irony is that (Old English does not resemble modern English. > Directions for Questions 1-5: You will hear a set of recordings. relates to each recording. ‘on the paragraph that best © TB track 49 © | Geography seems to have two branches. ‘The first branch is physical geography and this studies the physical features of our planet. The second branch studies the influences the various lifestyles of © | mankind have had upon the earth. While these could be seen as the two main branches of geography, there are other and more interesting branches as well. For instance, integrated geography is the branch of geography that describes interactions between humans and the natural world. It requires an understanding of the ways thac human societies conceptualize the environment. Regional geography, as the name suggests, looks at the unique features of a region. Economic geography is often © | equated with demography, but itis more than just patterns of birch, death and marriage. Population ‘geographers are concerned with the distribution, migration and growth of population in geographic (© | teas. Historical geographers deal with how people and their interaction with their environment have changed over the ages. The most interesting part of geography, in my opinion and the one which you will be practicing a lot is cartography, which is map drawing,FER Pre AovanTace HB track 50 “When recycling kicked off, there were problems regarding quality. Recycled paper was difficult to use in office printers. This issue and other issues regarding quality have been resolved. For example, Lartins, based in Edinburgh, produces a range of office stationery which is 100% recycled. It costs the same as regular paper and is of che same high quality as fresh paper. This optimum quality comes at a cost in terms of the waste produced during the process; however, More than one third of the ‘waste is paper that comes in and cannot be recycled as paper. This raises the question of what co do ‘with ic. One firm, Paper Prescrve, currently sells this waste paper to farmers as a soil conditioning, though this practice will soon be barred, unfortunately because of transportation costs and che odor which is produced. The company is currently secking alternative uses for the waste paper. Plastic also poses problems. This is because there are various types of plastic in use today and ‘one has to be deale with in a different manner. Sacrte recycles all sorts of things; from bottles to car bumpers. One of the company’s most unbeatable activities is recycling plastic bortles to make containers which are used all over the country to collect waste. oe Track 51 Slavery in United States was a form of labor which existed as 2 legal institution in North America for more chan a century before the founding of the United States in 1776, and continued mostly in the South until the passage of the Thirteenth Amendment to the United States in 1865 following the American Civil War. Most slaves were black and were held by whites, although some Native ‘Americans and free blacks were also held slaves; chere were a small number of white slaves as well Slavery spread to the areas where there was good quality soil for large plantations of high-value cash. crops, such as tobacco, cotton, sugar and coffee. The slaves did the manual labor involved in raising and harvesting these crops. By the early decades of the 19th century, the majority of slaveholders and slaves were in the southern United States, where most slaves were engaged in a work-gang system of agriculture on large plantations, especially devored to cotton and sugarcane. Such large groups of slaves were thought ro work more efficiently if directed by a managerial class called overseers, usually white men. ee Track 52 “The poor female literacy rate is the result of gender inequality. The females are the socially discrimi nated lot. They are economically exploited as labor. The retention rate among females in Africa is lower, so che dropouts are many. There is need to create an environment where women demand> > 73 3 TRANSCRIPTS FOR SPEAKING AND LISTENING MODULES rs basic knowledge to lead a better life. ‘There is a need for social workers to inculcate among women the confidence that change is possible if all women work collectively for it. Social oppression can he fought back if educated females emerge. I'd like to add that lately pioneering work has been done in this regard. Literacy campaigns have heightened social awareness about education. Girls are being encouraged ro come out not only to get knowledge but also to play football and perform drills This education helps to increase self confidence, personality development, gender equality, healthy ‘masses, economic stability and control on population growth. The Literacy Campaign has helped the African women to ake charge of their lives. Schemes like ‘Study All’ and ‘Knowledge Bank? not only help them to work against social evils but also save money for better living. GN track ss Asteroids are a group of small celestial bodies that continue to orbit the sun. These are now called “Small Solar System Bodies” or (SSSB). These are rocky and metallic objects. Some of these all in the ‘arth’ orbit and have even hit our planer in the past. Scientists believe that the annihilation on our planet that occurred about 250 million years ago was perhaps caused by some asteroids. This event is generally referred to as “The Great Dying”. An asteroid of about 6 to 12 kilometer length is believed to have hit our planer. Scientists believe that asteroids are actually the remains of a planet that experienced a collision in the past. Or it’ also possible that they are part of che material which formed the solar system. Asteroids have been discovered by following a four step method. In the first step a certain part of the sky is photographed using a wide field telescope. Secondly, these pictures are viewed under a stereoscope. Thirdly, after identifying a moving body, its location is measured with the help of a digital microscope. The last step is to assign 2 number to the identified asteroid. Directions for Questions 1-5: Listen to each recording and answer the related multiple-choice question by selecting the correct response. Only one response for each question is correct. ae Track 54 First, children should be vaccinated to protect them from acquiring diseases which may prove to be fatal or cause an incurable disability. There are three types of vaccines. The first is known as a “Killed” vaccine asic is comprised of microorganisms which are killed through various processes. ThePTE ADVANTAGE vaccine for Polio is an example of a “killed” vaccine. The second type of vaccine is known as “Life ‘Atcenuated” vaccine. ‘This is comprised of living organisms which multiply to a certain extent in the body, but do not produce any infection. And finally, we have “Toxoids”. Toxoids are bacteria that are made inactive, but have the capacity to produce an immune response. Tetanus is an example of such a vaccine. ee Track 55 “The Martin Luther King Junior Branch is che largest branch in the Silicon Valley. This branch has capacity for over 100,000 books. Ie will feature a greatly expanded periodical section as well as expanded sections for other media, such as music and books on tape. Throughout the library, you will find comfortable chairs, couches, tables, cubicles and closed study rooms which the public can make use of as they browse the stacks and read or study. Another feature of this branch is that there will be a satellite office that houses the municipal public records for the city. A citizen can come (0 the library to access public records. The library will feacure professional librarians and support staff to provide assistance in locating books and other materials which may be needed. Furthermore, for the literacy programs, several teachers will conduct adult reading classes as well as children’s activities designed to build the desire to read. HE track 56 ‘We geographers do a large variety of things. In general, we answer questions that deal with location and we do this by gathering daca. A lor of geographers work in conjunction with the other industries. They are often employed by local, state and federal government agencies as well as those in the private sector, including environmental and engineering firms. T myself have worked with urban planners and engineers, The work might involve anything from conducting a census to designing databases, image interpretation and spatial analysis. The second most important task of a geographer is to identify, analyze and interpret the collected data. Modern geographers are often involved in resolving environmental problems. Many are also the primary practitioners of geographic information systems and cartography. ‘The next task is to publish all the information collected. This allows people to be well informed. Ie is imperative that our findings be made public so that all che amount of hard work that has gone into it becomes readily available and useful> 10S ‘TRANSCRIPTS FOR SPEAKING'AND LISTENING MODULES GB track 57 In Africa, the progress of education was tardy until che latter half of the 20 century. The whole region had just about 82,916 schools by 1980, a number that has since risen to 169,800. The African literacy rate has gone up from 18.33% in 1980 to 64.8% in 2001. Today, the states of Nigeria and Congo represent two extremes of African paradox. In Nigeria, the liveracy rate is 90.86%, whereas in Congo, its still in the range of 47%. Nigeria's achievement is considerably remarkable, considering that the situation there was not much different from that in Congo just a decade or two back. Stil, the largest segment of the world's illiterates isin Africa. The governments are indeed putting in lots of efforts. ‘The ‘Mass Education Policy’ launched by UNESCO in 2001 has largely ensured that by the end of this decade, all children in the age group of 6-14 years will attend school and will complete eight years of schooling, Important components of the scheme are the Education Guaran- tee Scheme and the Alternative and Innovative Education Scheme meant for children where there is zo formal school within a radius of 1 km. ae Track 58 Almost 30 species of cockroach are known. Among the known ones the American Cockroach is 30 mm long, The Getman and the Asian cockroach are 15 mm long. The Tropical Cockroaches are bigger and the Oriental Cockroach is abouc 25mm. Carboniferous and Permian are extinct species. They were so big thac they were called pests instead of insects. Female cockroaches carry egg cases on the end of their abdomen. German female cockroaches can catty up ¢o 30-40 long, thin eggs. The nymphs or the baby cockroaches are of white color at birch, but within 3-4 hours their outer shell hardens and darkens. This process is called molting. A female produces about eight such egg cases in a lifeime of almost one year. o each cockroach can produce almost 300-400 offspring Directions for Questions 1-5: You will hear a see of recordings on different ropics. At the end of cach recording the last word or group of words has been replaced by a beep. Select the correct option to complete cach recording.MRED Fe sovantace GB track 59 Product desig may very wel be said to be the most important factor in the sale of most products. Ik is well understood that the trend in product appearance has long shifted from ornamentation towards simplicity and functionality in terms of form and construction. Achieving functional utility is by far the greatest object in produce design as itis practiced today. GB track 60 ‘Very well, depression is a state in which a person is experiencing what is called a depressed mood. ‘This can involve sadness, feelings of negativity, melancholia, and or intense sorrow. Now we al suffer from depression from time to time, but a person with depression will typically suffer for at least 6 ‘months and this will affect most areas of the person’ life. The person will often feel a lack of energy, irritabilicy, profound sadness, difficulty wich concentration, increased or decreased appetite, altered sleep patterns, apathy and a lack of interest in the things which a person would normally find interesting HB track 61 ‘Ok students, today well all do a quick practical activity together to understand the concept behind dream interpretation, Both Carl Jung and Sigmund Freud referred toa ‘symbolization’ in thei study. ‘Now, there are no right answers as these pictures are meant to act as a launch pad for your own interpretations. So, I'l like you to take turns to talk about one image that you will be handed and suggest what each might represent in a dream. GM track 62 Biotic components mean living organisms such as plants, animals and humans. This also includes microbes and other microscopic life. Abiotic components are non-living factors such as soil, cem- perature, water, humidity and sunlight. As a matter of fact, both physical and chemical factors make up abiotic environments whereas biotic factors consist of producers, consumers and decomposers.‘TRANSCRIPTS FOR SPEAKING AND LISTENING MODULES: 159) ae Track 63 Ifyou love water, then scuba diving can be an awesome experience. There are many training centers for this and honestly, I love it les really quiet and peaceful with many unexpected things coming your way. You might come across different water creatures, beautiful and colorful fishes and at times youl find some surprises too. Irs an adventure where you need the proper knowledge, so yes, you do need proper training otherwise you can put yourself in danger. Directions for Questions 1-5: For cach question, you will bear a recording. Given below is the man- seription for each recording. Some words in the transription differ from what the speakers) said. Please select the words that are diferent. ae Track 64 (Okay. Well, I've read a great deal about him. He was born on October 31, 1795 to Thomas and Frances Jennings Keats in London, England, His father was a keeper in a livery stable and unforcu- nately was killed when a horse crushed him when John was eight years old. This tragic accident left a deep impact on the delicate mind of John and through this he developed an understanding for the human condition as well as of suffering and loss. This is where the beauty in his poetry can be found because it speaks of the beauty and grandeur of human experience. GM track 6s For youth, typical symptoms involve a profound feeling of sadness and hopelessness. There's also moodiness which is typically a feeling of being irritable. You will also see sleep disturbances and in this case, a youth is typically prone to oversleeping. Another involves issues regarding food and eat- , You will see a young person either overeating or not eating enough. There is also a general loss of interest in social activities as well asin other activities which a young person may enjoy. Furthermore, and much more dangerous is that there is a risk for substance abuse as young people seek ways to make themselves feel better and to cope with their depression,PTE ADVANTAGE HB track 6 ‘We have a plethora of means by which we can detect and diagnose cancer. This involves imaging. techniques, blood tests, biopsies and even diagnostics at the molecular level. You have to include these three techniques in order for a true diagnosis; endoscopy, biopsy and molecular analysis. In ‘endoscopy, a thin tube with a camera and light is inserted into the body to examine the area. Biopsy | involves taking a sample of the tumor and then analyzing it, as Track 67 ‘Now, there are four stages that che FDA has and at each stage a company must be have the approval | of the FDA to move on to the next stage. Now, the first stage is known as phase I and that is meant to study the safety of a drug/device. This phase lasts for several months. During this stage small numbers of healthy volunteers are involved and those who participate are paid for it. The sole purpose is to determine the effect of the drug on humans as well as to determine how it is absorbed, metabolized and excreted. HE track 68 “The brush has three parts—head, bristles and the handle. In this technique one has to hold the brush in such a sway that the bristles form a 45° angle with the surface of eth. The brush has to be moved ina vertical diree- tion rather than in horizoneal direction. You should take special care while leaning the inner surfaces or the lingual surfaces of tech. They have co be cleaned in the same way. The occlusal or upper surfaces of teeth have to be cleaned too, Place your brush on che occlusal surface and move it backward and forward.CUT TER Mal ees et eR) Tete [EB chapter 2: Speaking Module Re-tell Lecture 1. Hints: Three models of bicycles ... sales figures for a period of four years... all models have shown sustained growth... though Cyclocross registered first a sharp increase in 2012, then a litele fll in 2013... Touring has remained the most popular model chroughout the period... overall the company sold approx. 12 million units in 2010... composite sales figure increased to approx. 33 million units in 2013. 2. Hints: ... a football match in progres... the referee is seen in the background... hoardings also in the background... one hoarding of McDonalds clearly visible... minor match because stands are virtually empty... one of the teams seemingly sponsored by McDonalds ... one of the players seen McDonalds emblazoned team jersey. 3. Hints: ... ruins of an old palatial building... huge round pillars... reminder of medieval grandeur even the adjoining building seems pretty old... an old street light post seen to the extreme right side of the picture... the street in the foreground seems largely unused ... no traffic to be seen... seemingly part of a historical city or old part of a city 4. Hines: ... .wo persons busy talking on their cell phones ... seem pretty scrious ... so, could be a business talk... in their casuals... sitting on sofas in a casual, relaxed manner ... siting in an open space across a street... trafic lights... a craffic signboard ... a couple of parked cars, an office building seen in the background ... possibly agents trying ro set deals 5. Hints: ... chart describing the food web... consisting of producers... first level consumers, second level consumers and so on... plants produce energy from inorganic matter... plants and plant products ‘consumed by grasshoppers, mice, pigeons... in turn eaten by carnivores like... some carnivores also eat other carnivores [BBE chapter 3: writing Module Summarize Written Text 1, Hints: Bermuda Triangle mystery ... change a myth into a truth in public eye... superstitious called i the ‘Devil’ Triangle’... all these exaggerations have helped to lend fear and fascination.PTE ADVANTAGE 2, Hints: Music means a pleasing modulation of sounds ... they express sentiment ... first a befitting Selection of tones and, second, the use of them for expressing sentiments ... outer or technical .. trained intelligence ... an inner, che imagination and musical feeling ... cannot be supplied by the teacher. +3, Hints: the great rainless region, one vast plain, an immense expanse of silence and solitude, bu for a single interval of fuitulnes .. The rush of warer thus turns to the northward, and, pressing on across the desert... The river thus created is the Nile. Ivis formed, in a word, by the surplus waters ofa district inundated with rains, in cheir progress across a rainless desert, seeking the sea. 4. Hints: matter of intuition ... not in him but through him ... agent through which ic has found expression ... Talent can be described as “that which we have,” and Genius as “that which has us 5, Hints... Superstition gives us the freedom to connect everything ... human beings have a marked correlation mechanism ... all our knowing is also limited ... all superstitions could turn tomorrow's Science given the right treatment ... superstitions ate possibly the mother to most of scientific theories 6. Hints: people who advocate universal brothethood often feel non-violence to be the essence of life «_, demarcation between the deed and the doer ... respect for the evil doer can only lend strength to the feeling of brotherhood ... This moral force is powerful enough to bring out the goodness finally Gandhi's movement in India is a living evidence of this. 7. Hints: treasure of wisdom ... In books I find the dead as if they were alive ... The value of books is unspeakable ... if the value of books is immeasurable. 4 8. Hints: intermarriage of kindred ... either to prove oF to disprove some alleged injurious effect upon the offspring ... divided into three groups .. produces certain diseases in the children ... Second ... such matriages are beneficial ... The third group ... not harmful, but that if any hereditary tendency to malformation ... strongly intensified in the ofspring ... afflicted with hereditary diseases. 9, Hiints: Persons do not become a society by living in physical proximity ... fj however, they were all cognizant ofthe common end... they would form a community .. his would involve communication, 10, Hints: characteristic of social life is activity ... Activity seems fundamental ... Everybody is busy, and everybody is seeking personal profit and satisfaction Chapt Multiple-Choice, Choose 1. (1) “Peace and order in our society can be there only with just laws.” Note that the paragraph keeps emphasizing the importance of laws in society.[ANSWERS TO PRACTICE EXERCISES IN CHAPTERS 163 2. (3) “The common view is that a big mass of land thac is bigger than a single country and separated from other big masscs of land cither by sea.” American, European, Greek and Roman perspectives are mentioned only to emphasize the difference in perspectives. 3. (3) “Most of the time its ina tre, intermittently sleeping and foraging among the leaves by day and at night...” 4, (2) Other plants have been mentioned only once, to introduce the main topic of maple syrup. The whole paragraph is devoted to discussion on “for i is nor the tee that produces the sugay itis the climate”. 5. (2) There can be no copyright for something “believed to have preceded the human race and may be more widespread in nature than is thought.” Other options only represent supporting detail Muttiple-Choice, Choose Multiple Answers 1, (1 and 4) Option (2) is incorrect since the text does not sy that i is ‘not immoral’, Option (3) is corrupted by ‘always’. Option (5) is incorrect sinee the passage only says “euthanasia would very probably lead to a slide, which is a dangerous misuse.” 2. (2 and 7) Options (3) and (4) are rendered incorrect by both ‘only’ and ‘both’ that cannot be derived from the text. ‘For granted’ (Options 5 and 6) cannot be derived from the text. 3. (2 and 6) For the Greeks, education was a process (of refinement) not a product, not a means to further a career or enhance prosperity. This helps eliminate options (3), (4) and (5). Option (1) is corrupted by ‘only’. 4, (I and 3) There are only two sentences on how Fredrick and Voltaire viewed each other in later years: “But in the later years, Voltaire found the hidden cruclty in Frederick. Frederick also saw the tiresome little monkey in Voltaire.” 5. (2,3 and 5) “They commonly tell ofa feeling that the self has left the body a sensation of moving through a dark space or tunnel a vision of golden or white light”. A person with NDE does not ppass but receives the message (4). There is no urge asin (1), but being told in one case. Option (6) is part of a scientist's staternent. Re-order Paragraphs 1, B,D,A,E,C 2. B,D,A,C 3. A,C,D,B s 2 Ad > a ” pp be m Oeb> moO ao poo 20 > Sm eoe em 5 9 =ETE 1: sovantace Reading: Fill in the Blanks 1. (1) paradox; (2) aiming, (examined; (4) happiness 2. (1) fills: 2) cubs; G) dwelling: (4) shot dead 3. (1) waves; (2) arrested: (@) motion; B) needs 4. (1) intelligence; (2) reasoning experiences; (4) infaney 5. (1) leads; Q) predicting; @) cours; (4) race Reading and Writing: Fill in the Blanks 1. (1) processes; (2) significance; (3) instruction; _(4) Biology: (6) superstition 2. (1) faiths (2) humanity; @) Heavens (4) universal: (6) principles. 3. (1) calents; (2) will; (3) well-being; (4) influence;_—_(5) happiness 4, (1) unfolds (2) definition; () specials (4) unemployed; (5) nature 5. (1) requirements; (2) childhood; (3) transformation; (4) commensurate; (5) satisfy [HBB chepter 5: Listening Module Write From Dictation 1. Shakespeare wrote more than thirty plays. 2. E-learning has become the most convenient method of studying. 3, ‘The format of the test has been aligned to match the school curriculum closely. ‘4, Preventive measures in this area are not feasible. 5. Using the scalpel is one of the basic things learnt in an anatomy class. 6. “The book describes the appearance and manners of characters in the beginning, 7. ‘The boy was struggling to find a place to live in a foreign land. 8. Starements may sometimes be framed to trick a person. 9. ‘The schedule has been organized to make it more understandable. 10. Humans are remarkably adept at compartmentalization. Summarize Spoken Text 1. The lecture is about effective listening that requires you ro tune in, both physically and mentally, and give undivided attention to what the speaker is saying. Dont allow random thoughts to dis- tract you. Look for key details as well as inferences that are unsaid bur suggested. Hale your own judgment on what is less or more relevant, and let the speaker finish before inferring. (64 words) 2. The lecture is about single parents, particularly single mothers, who find it very hard to bring up young children. They are advised to get together to make social networks. If they have sons, they ‘should plan to have a male figure in their lives, their father or brother. They should avoid discussing adult problems with their children to protect their emotional health. (62 words)[ANSWERS TO PRACTICE EXERCISES IN CHAPTERS 3. The lecture is about economic recession in Japan, after the bubble of economic growth burst. Land and stock prices fell; businesses closed due co poor sales; financial institutions suffered bad debts and insolvency. The government tried to give a boost through tax cuts and enhanced public spending, but enhanced tax on consumption reduced demand and increased unemployment. (57 words) 4, The lecture is about Indus Valley Civilization, which was discovered during excavations in 1921-22. The civilization first advanced 4500 years ago and lasted till around 2,000 BCE, when the Aryan influx pushed these people, probably Dravidians, down south. ‘The Civilization’ script remains unexplored till date, but scholars have learnt about it through seals, pottery items etc ‘These people raised animals, crops, and even traded across the sea. (67 words) 5. The lecture is about vitamins. A person's good health isthe result of many chemical substances in the body, including vitamins, working together. Ouc of the 14 types of vitamins discovered so fa, A,B, C, D, E and K are the major ones, Since the deficiency of a particular vicamin may cause a particular disease, supply of these vitamins helps fight deficiency discases like beriberi, scurvy etc. (68 words) Multiple-Choice, Choose Multiple Answers 1. Answer: (C, D) 2. Answer: (C, F) 3. Answer: (C, D, E) 4, Answer: (B,C, D) 5. Answer: (C and E) Fill in the Blanks 1. Answer Words: cattle; color; horns; hung; natural 2, Answer Words: developing; responds; academics; consistency; skills 3. Answer Words: abiotic; herbivorous; carnivorous; ultimate; energy; exhale 4. Answer Words: abnormal; tumors; formations; organ; symptoms 5. Answer Words: descent; spoken; invaded; tribal; intermingling; resemble Highlight Correct Summary 1. Answer: (B) Option (A) is incomplete and also introduces extrancous ‘interest to geographers Option (C) incorrectly treats the others as sub-branches. 2, Answer: (A) Option (B) introduces the extraneous ‘policy makers’. Option (C) introduces the extraneous ‘wide acceptance’. Option (D) runs counter to the statement, “This issue and other issues regarding quality have been resolved” 3. Answer: (C) Option (A) is becoming unnecessarily judgmental. Option (B) establishes 2 cause and effect relationship not borne by the lecture. Option (D) is corrupted by “all sorts of people”MEN = Aovantace 4, Answer: (E) All che options, except (E) are one-sided. They cither cover the problem or the recent cfforts and results, not both. ‘Answer: (C) Option A covers only the destructive aspect of asteroids. Option B neither mentions the structure, nor the solar system debris part, Multiple-Choice, Choose Single Answer 1. Answer: (C) Clearly derived from the three nomenclatures used. 2. Answer: (B) It will have several features. Buc we have to locate a feature not usually associated with libraries. (A) and (C) are easly eliminated. (D) is a lite diferent bue still linked with the general purpose of a library 3. Answer: (D) Ie is imperative that our findings be made public so that .. 4. Answer: (E) The ‘Mass Education Policy’ launched by UNESCO in 2001 has largely ensured chat by the end of this decade, all children in the age group of 6-14 years will attend school and will complete eight years of schooling, Options B, C and D, all are components of option (E). 5. Answer: (C) ... the American Cockroach is 30 mm long. The German and the Asian cockroach are 15 mm long, The Tropical Cockroaches are bigger and the Oriental Cockroach is about 25 mm. Select Missing Word 1. Answer: (D) today 2. Answer: (B) interesting 3. Answer: (A) a dream 4, Answer: (A) decomposers 5. Answer: (C) in danger ht Incorrect Words 1. Incorrect Words: December; livings incident; derived; why; poetic Correct Words: October; livery; accident; developed; where; human 2. Incorrect Words: helplessness; finds proved: at alls use; move Correct Words: hopelessness; see; prone; enough; abuse; cope 3. Incorrect Words: test; autopsies: technologies; put Correct Words: detect; biopsies; techniques; inserted 4, Incorrect Words: five; security; many; involved Correct Words: four; salety; several; absorbed 5. Incorrect Words: technology: make; specific; cleansed; Keep Correct Words: technique; form; special; cleaneds PlacePTE Mock Test - ~ Part —1 SPEAKING AND WRITING Personal Introduction ~ Read the prompt below. In 25 seconds, you must reply in your own words, as naturally and clearly «as possible. You have 30 seconds to record your response. Your response will be sent together with ~ your score report to the institutions selected By you. Please introduce yourself. For example, you could talk about one or more of the following 1. Your interests 2. Your plans for future study 3, Why you want to study abroad 4, Why you need to learn English 5+ Why you chose this test ~ Read Aloud - Item 1 Look at the text below. In £0 seconds, you must read this text aloud as naturally and clearly as possible. You have 40 seconds to read this text aloud. Recorded Answer Current Status Beginning in 40 eoconde The growth in production is predominately due to increasing productivity by developing nations. > | Onan average, 6.7 million tons of tobacco is produced throughout the world. The leading producers are China, India, Brazil and the United States. I NeePTE ADVANTAGE Read Aloud ~ Item 2 Look at the text below. In 40 seconds, you must read this text aloud as naturally and clearly as possible. You have 40 seconds to read this text aloud. Recorded Answer ‘Current 'Status: Beginning in 40 seconds ‘his blog routinely publishes articles on current events that relate to climate science and policy. It ‘maintains a huge database of articles that analyze arguments which are put forth by those involved in what Skeptical Science calls the “global warming controversy” [Nex Read Aloud ~ Item 3 Look at the text below. In 40 seconds, you must read this text aloud as naturally and clearly as ‘possible. You have 40 seconds to read this text aloud, Recorded Answer CCurront Status Boginning in 40 seconde Cholesterol is an organic molecule and specifically a sterol or modified steroid. Itis essential as a | structural component in the cell membranes of animals. Ic is requited in order to establish proper | permeability and fluidity within the membranes. [| Nese(OTE MOCK TEST -1 169 (Read Aloud - Item 4 CV Look atthe race Below Ie 40 seconds, you neust read this text aloud as naturally and clearly as _| possible. You have 40 seconds to read this text aloud. Recorded Answer ‘Current Status Beginning in 40 eaconds “| Comparing relative intelligence of a species to that of human intelligence is complicated, particu: | larly due to differences in which the species use their senses, respond to stimuli and their nature of cognition. _ | Nexe Read Aloud - Item 5 Look at the text below. In 40 seconds, you must read this text aloud as naturally and clearly as ©) possible. You have 40 seconds to read this text aloud. a Recorded Ancwer Current Status: a Beginning in 40 seconds | Symproms of insomnia can be caused by or be associated with a number of factors. These include b movement disorder, phys- psychoactive drugs including alcohol, restless leg syndrome, pei > ical pain, hormonal shifts, stress and anxiety or any other mental ren || NexePTE ADVANTAGE Read Aloud - Item 6 possible. You have 40 seconds to read this text aloud. ‘Recorded Answer ‘Curent Status Boginning in 40 seconds and addiction, Repeat Sentence - Items 1 to 10 QD Teck 101. Pay he CD steno thereat eontig each sentence only once. Status: Beginning n 3 seconds volume * xt? 9 ‘Recorded Answer Current Status: Beginning in 10 seconds Look at the text below. In £0 seconds, you must read this text aloud as naturally and clearly as») ‘Some substances, such as marijuana, directly create euphoria in the human brain. The mind has a |~ natural tendency to seek out more of this feeling of pleasure. This in turn can lead co dependence I] New You will hear some sentences. Please repeat each sentence exactly as you hear it. You will hear || NeePTE MOCK TEST -1 a Describe Image - Item 1 Look at the graphs below. In 25 seconds, please speak what they are showing. You will have 40 seconds to give your response. ‘Total energy consumption in US homes: 1978 and 2005 1978 | SS Soret Eryn tan 7 8 Rl Ey iri iy o [| NewPTE ADVANTAGE Describe Image ~ Item 2 Look at the tables below. In 25 seconds, please speak what they are showing. You will have 40 seconds to give your response. Medals Won by Top Four Countries in Common Wealth Games 2010 Meats Events i Country | Gold | Silver | Bronze | Total Australia | 34 24 23 a1 England | 22 35 20 77 India 25 14 2B a Canada| 12 7 in 30 ‘Women’s Events SS: Country | Gold | Silver | Bronze | Total = Current Sats: ‘Ausalia | 37 24 24 85 Begining i 25 seconde Enghnd | 14 2 21 36 3 Inia 1 in i 33 Canada [14 10 21 45 LC ‘Total Event Record Country | Gold | Silver | Brome | Total Australia | 72 30 7 169 Enghnd | 37 56 6 138 Tia 36 26 34 96 Canada| 26 | _17, 32 75PTE MOCK TEST ~1 Describe Image - Item 3 ~ | Look at the graphs below. In 25 seconds, please speak what they are showing. You will have 40 seconds to give your response. Country's Wheat Export and Wheat Stock Figures from 2011-2016 20, a - Wheat Stocks 4s a 3 135 ey fa o Bro 5 8 0 5 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 9 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 oO Recorded Answer pa ‘Curront Status: Beginning in 25 socondsBID Pe ADVANTAGE Describe Image ~ Item 4 Look at the graphs below, In 25 seconds, please speak what they are showing. You will bave 40 seconds to give your response. Number of Students (Different Branches) in Two Engineering Colleges 200 150 100 ABC [Link] XYZ Engg College Recorded Answer Current Siatus: Beginning in 25 secondsPTE MOCK TEST 1 Describe Image - Item 5 Look at the map below. In 25 seconds, please speak what itis showing. You will have 40 seconds 10 give your response. Distribution of Nobel Prize Winners by Region. nb Nel ate se 1601 I J ‘Curtent Status: Beginning in 25 secondsFEM #1: ADVANTAGE Describe Image - Item 6 onds to give your response. Recorded Anewor ‘Current Status: Beginning in 25 seconds Look at the picture below. In 25 seconds, please speak what it is showing. You will have 40 sec- |] NexePTE MOCK TEST ~ 1 Re-tell Lecture ~ Item 1 2 ‘Track 102: Play the CD to listen to the related recording. ad Status: Beginning in 3 seconds Vol Recorded Answer (Current Status Beginning in 90 seconds You will hear a lecture, After listening to the lecture, in 10 seconds, please retell what you have just heard from the lecture, in your own words. You will have 40 seconds to give your response. NextBEDI PTE ADVANTAGE Re-tell Lecture - Item 2 ‘Track 103: Play the CD to listen to the related recording. You will hear a lecture. After listening to the lecture, in 10 seconds, please retell what you have just heard from the lecture, in your own words. You will have 40 seconds to give your response, Recorded Answer Statue: Boginning in 3 seconds } Current Status: Beginning in 99 seconds Volume pete SSIESEIESECRSSEESEESSERISAE ‘NextPTE MOCK TEST - 1 Re-tell Lecture — Item 3 QD Track 104: Play the CD to listen to the related recording. 479 You will hear a lecture, After listening to the lecture, in 10 seconds, please retell what you have just beard from the lecture, in your own words. You will have 40 seconds to give your response. Recorded Anews Status: Beginning in 3 seconde ‘Current Status +——_— | Beginning in 90 seconds Volume vain EEE NextPTE ADVANTAGE Answer Short Question - Items 1 to 10 ed ‘Track 105: Play the CD to listen to the related recording. You will hear some questions. Please give a simple and short answer to each one. Ofien just one or a few words are enough. Status: Beginning in 3 seconds eGooeooooocdt 5COEeCGCEGCOCOECCOCCCCOCCCPTE MOCK TEST ~ oI _. Summarize Written Text - Item 1 Read the passage below and summarise it using one sentence. You have 10 minutes to finish the task. Your response will be judged on the quality of your writing and how well your response presents the key points in the passage. ‘War has come as a challenge co all those who desire a better world. The system, which cannot save ‘mankind from such an appalling disaster is at fault somewhere, and cannot be amended in any lasting way unless the danger of great wars in the future can be made very small. But war is only the final lower of an evil tree. Even in times of peace, most men live lives of monotonous labor, most women are condemned to a drudgery which almost kills the possibility of happiness before youth is past, most children are allowed to grow up in ignorance of all that would enlarge their thoughts or simulate their imagination. The few who are more fortunate are rendered illiberal by their unjust privileges, and oppressive through fear of the awakening indignation of the masses. From the highest to the lowest, almost all men are absorbed in the economic struggle: the struggle to acquire what is their due or to retain what is nor their due. Material possessions, in fact oF in desire, dominate our outlook, usualy co the exclusion of all, generous and creative impulses. Possessiveness ~ the passion to have and to hold — is the ultimate source of war, and the foundation of all the ills from which the political world is suffering. (Bertrand Russell | i Cat Copy Paste ‘Total Word Count: 0 ‘Write your answer in the box below (5-75 words):WEEE ©: sovantace Summarize Written Text - Item 2 Read the passage below and summarize is using one sentence. You have 10 minutes to finish the task. Your response will be judged on the quality of your writing and bow well your response presents the key points in the passage. “My boss is the best”, That's a phrase most of us have said or heard at some point, but what does it mean? What sets the ‘best boss apart from the ‘average’ boss? There are many descriptions about the ‘qualities of managers and leaders and how the two differ, but litle has been said about what makes ‘a manager great or best, and how he is able to win over his employees and at the same time get the work done, How do great managers actually work? ‘The first and the foremost thing is that they discover what special quality each person working under them has and then capitalize on this uniqueness. This can be explained with the analogy of playing checkers and chess. Average managers play checkers, while great managers play chess. How are these two games different? In checkers, all the pieces are uniform and move in the same ways they are interchangeable. Only one needs to plan and coordinate their movements. In chess, cach type of piece moves in a different way. And to win one has to think carefully about how one moves the picces. Great managers recognize and value the uniqueness and even the eccentricities of their employees, and they learn how best to utilize them. =| al me ‘Total Word Count: 0 Write your answer in the box below (5-75 words):PTE MOCK TEST - 1 183 ‘Summarize Written Text - Item 3 Read the passage below and summarize it using one sentence. You have 10 minutes to finish the task. Your response will be judged on the quality of your writing and how well your response presents the key points in the passage. ‘Our heritage encircles all those aspects of our past and present, such as religion, cultures, traditions, right, etc. ‘that we give importance and want to share with our future generations. This may include both out personal heit- age and national or tate heritage. So, weall are caretakers of heritage, either cis family memorabilia or the wider ‘community’ inheritance from past generations that are managed by our governments on out behalf. Heritage can focus on places, artifacts, photographs, films, documents, landscapes or natural features, Heritage is much ‘more than tangible objects. Stores, events, values and ideas, cultural and religious practices all are significant aspects ofhericage. In recent years much attention is given to the importance of national heritage. The National Trust of Australia is tasing awareness of the value of and the csk to ther heritage. So they have recently stated a unique program “Our Heritage at Risk” which i incomparable to its former “Endangered Places” program. The Heritage Branch of the “Deparment for Environment and Heritage” is working on what is often known as ‘bull heritage’ and ‘patural and aboriginal heritage. Built heritage includes in i buildings, structures and places as well as masitime heritage, which have shipwrecks and whaling and sailing sices. | ‘Total Word Count: 0 ‘Write your answer in the box below (5-75 words):PTE ADVANTAGE Write Essay - Item 1 You will have 20 minutes to plan, write and revise an essay about the topics below. Your response will be judged on how well you develop a position, organize your ideas, present supporting details, and control the elements of standard written English. You should write 200-300 words. ‘A successful man is not the one who has ability to eliminate problems before they occur, but the one who can face the difficulties as they arise and solve them. Discuss the extent to which you agree or disagree with this statement. Support your point of view with reasons and/or examples from your own experience or observa~ ‘Write your answer in the box below (200-300 words):PTE MOCK TEST - 1 oO fies, PART-2 READING Multiple-Choice, Choose Single Answer — Item 1 Thinking about work is the beginning of one of the happiest and most useful of our experiences. Through work comes to us the pleasure ofa growing knowledge of the great world and its wonders, the delight of intercourse with ‘other people and the happiness of friendship with our fellow-workers. Work well done is a doorway to whatever good things we most desire. Best of all, perhaps, is the satisfaction of feeling that we are useful citizens. Today we have a wide field from which to choose our pat~ ticular form of occupation. To choose wisely is a duty we owe to ourselves and to our moth- crland — to ourselves, because 2 wise choice helps to secure our happiness in work; to our motherland, because she has aright to the best we can offer her in return for the peace and freedom in which we live under her laws. ‘Source: hep:/hwww:[Link]/readbook text! ‘The _Canadian_Girl_ ar Work_1000211971/9) Read the text and answer the multiple choice question by selecting the correct response. Only one response is correct. Apart from addition to knowledge and friendship, whar other pleasure does work provide us? ©. Experience © Communication (© Satisfaction © PatriotismFIM r= ADVANTAGE Multiple-Choice, Choose le Answer ~ Item 2 “The return journey has begun. The onset of recession has pushed the Diaspora to the brink and forced some to consider return to their native economies. India being large, diverse and upcoming economic power has many takers. Many have already returned while a few returns are on the cards. The deceleration in the US has prompted people to act. The fall in manufacturing sector due to expensive labor hhas been a crucial aspect of this. The meltdown is many sided and even multinationals are drying up on new projects. So when people feel the pinch on their pay packets they prefer to return to upcoming countries like India for work. Then there ate also feats about green card delays and visa problem. Indian economy has been booming lately. So people ponder about the upcoming opportunities. Is this the beginning of a brain drain of a different type? News reports in the U.S. are alarming. Read the text and answer the multiple choice question by selecting the correct response. Only one response is correct. What isthe brain drain discussed in the text? © The return journey © “The onset of recession © The deceleration in the US °PTE MOCK TEST ~1 -~ Multiple-Choice, Choose Single Answer - Item 3 ‘There are owo things in nature we have no doubt about; our existence and the outside world, But there is something which makes us aware of these two elements and that is our thought. Whatever we feel, our conclusions, ‘our fears, and. aspirations, all revolve around king. Our flesh and bones cannot perceive things in nature, It is the capability of ‘our thoughts alone. Even a physically disabled man with a sane mind gets rational thoughts. So there is some great power that picks impressions from surroundings, concludes ideas, and gives reasoning and judgment. And that power is che power of thinking. This is real “I myself”. This “I myself” has an existence apart from physical reality. It is the real self or person who deals with others in society. Its physical body is a medium through which he can verbalize his thoughts. The real person is embodied in the thoughts of the personality Read the text and answer the multiple choice question by selecting the correct response. Only one response is correct. ‘What is the real “I myself”? © Our existence vis-i-vis the outside world (© Our power of contemplation © Our flesh and bones © Our reasoning and judgmentEDM PTE ADVANTAGE Multiple-Choice, Choose Multiple Answers - Item 1 ‘Technically sound software for communication can be essential for saving time but critically analyzing it can never take over the supremacy thar face to face conversation enjoys. Studies have confirmed that communication has less to do with what one says than with the way itis expressed. ‘The gestures and facial expressions involved mean much more than the content. An experiment performed on babies proved this point. A group of four-month old babies were shown faces on a screen, Sometimes, the faces developed an eye contact with babies and sometimes they averted their stare. Slowly an observation was made that babies who had no verbal communication, responded to facial non-verbal communication also. So we can well understand how important is a healing touch ora loving gesture of face to face conver sation. The only ones who have benefited from these text communications are those who are shy. Some people have face anxiety and are at a loss of words at times of face to face communi cation. For them this type of distant chatting is quite helpful. Read the text and answer the multiple choice question by selecting all the correct responses. More than one response is correct. Which mediums for face to face communication have been discussed in the text? “The way content is expressed A loving gesture ‘An expression of goodwill Abhealing touch Bye contact ooooo I] NexPTE MOCK TEST -1 Multiple-Choice, Choose Multiple Answers - Item 2 In the fourth century, when the arts were declining, the Roman style of architecture became debased, and the predominant features consisted of massive square piers or col- uumns, without entablatures, from che imposts of which sprung arches of a semicircular form. Ie was in rude imitation of this style that the Saxon churches were constructed. The Roman basilicas, or halls of justice, some of which were subsequently converted into churches, furnished the plan for internal arrangement of churches of a large size, divided in the interior by rows or columns. From his division the nave and aisles of a church were derived. The ‘Anglo-Saxon churches, as far as can be ascertained, were of no great dimensions and almost entirely devoid of ornamental moldings. Many of the earlier writers on this subject have, however, caused much confusion by applying the term ‘Saxon’ to all churches and other edifices contradistinguished from che pointed style by semicircular-headed doorways, windows, and arches. But the vestiges of Anglo-Saxon architecture have been as yet so litte studied, in what their peculiarities consist. The style may, however, be said to have approximated in appearance much nearer to the Debased Roman style of masonry than the Norman, and to have been also much ruder. In the most ancient churches, wwe find arches constructed in Roman fashion. (Source: hps/[Link]) fles/19737/19737-W/[Link]) Read the text and answer the multiple choice question by selecting all the correct responses. More than one response is correct. In which of the following respects does the architectural style of some of the Anglo-Saxon churches imitate the late Roman style? Large size “Arches ofa semi-circular form Pointed domes Little ornamentation Square piers ooooo J] NexBEDI Pre ADVANTAGE Re-order Paragraphs - Item 1 The text boxes below have been placed in a random order. Restore the original order by rearranging the text boxes in the correct sequence. [Link], che largest and the moet popa- las, in readership or in audience, does not necessarily mean the best. Education should therefore be cognitive, not equal. ‘When we said that the function of education was to develop the best in each person, what did we mean? ¢> In an equalitarian society, a man’s judgment is theoretically as good as another’. ‘The equalitarian, in so far as he maintains that one man's taste is as good as anoth- et, is wrong.PTE MOCK TEST 1 a /~ Re-order Paragraphs - Item 2 © | the texe boxes below have been placed in a random order: Restore the original order by rearranging the text boxes in the correct sequence. «| [And so, if he thinks they are wrong he may try to persuade them to believe dif- | [ferenely, bur he will not ery to force them. | {A tolerant person is one who does not interfere with other people, even if he © | | chinks they are wrong. ° ‘The last but not the least important way in which science has changed people and 6 made them more civilized is by making them more tolerant. 6 He is prepared to let them think what oO they like and say what they think. a n 0 ° a ° dPTE ADVANTAGE Re-order Paragraphs - Item 3 The text boxes below have been placed in a random order. Restore the original order by rearranging the text boxes in the correct sequence. Most religious beliefs are based on faith, and the point about them is that although you may be quite convinced of them yourself, you cannot be sure of per- suading other people to believe them too because you cannot produce evidence for them. Formerly if a man thought differently about rcligious matters from his ncigh- bors, he was very likely to be burnt alive. ‘This is no longer so. Today we are tolerant of other people's beliefs and on the whole let them think what they please. And ihe did not believe in God and had no religion at all he was thought exceed- ingly wicked and was punished. Now, it is with regard to beliefs of this kind that people are now more tolerant than they used to be. |] NexPTE MOCK TEST~1 a Reading: Fill in the Blanks ~ Item 1 In the text below some words are missing. Select words from the box below to the appropriate place in the text. “Dickens in Camp” is held by many] of Bret Harte to be his] of verse. The poem has evident sincerity and depth of feeling as well as the quality of expression. Bree Harte has been generally accepted as the one American writer who possessed the faculty of heart appeal, ‘which enables the writer and his writings to live in the] ofthe reading public forall rime. ‘Write your answers in the blanks in the text or note your choice of words in the box below: °° a ° a ta 0° a ° a a ° ° a O° ° ae oO ° oO ° 0 ° oO ° 0 a 0 aMEI #1 s0vanrace Reading: Fill in the Blanks - Item 2 In the text below some words are missing. Select words from the box below to the appropriate place in the text. “The cave is of several spacious gallerias, is adorned with almost 300 Paleolithic paintit and engravings (dating 1800020000 years before present time). The focus is on a idee ‘of animals including bears, ovls, mammoths, rhino’, etc. The cave has also retained several ves~ tiges of L__—_ activities, which denote an evolution in tools and habits. Totally left intact and To By ka mas las Hit eave presen am except soarca of I So, archaeologists. oe ee | ‘Write your answers in the blanks in the text or note your choice of words in the box below: Lececeooveecocococooocoeoeccoce, 79099990990000999990900900990000 PTE MOCK TEST 1 aE Reading: Fill in the Blanks - Item 3 In the text below, some words are missing, Select words from the box below to the appropriate place in the text. ‘The draft tated that the election of the E.U. president would be for a fixed term. The constitution framers said that instead of the ‘xisting (1 where presidency was rotated among members ‘every six months, the new council head ~the president ~would be at the decision making table for a] of 5 years. He would [1 the geopolitical scene of Europe at the world stage. ‘This would help curcail any (1 ar the decision making level. Write your answers in the blanks in the text or note your choice of words in the box below:WE = aovantace Reading: Fill in the Blanks — Item 4 In the text below, some words are missing. Select words from the box below to the appropriate place in the text. ‘he treasure of wisdom and science, which all men desire by an [___] of nature, infinitely surpasses all the] of the world; in respect of which precious stones are worthless; in com- patison with which silver is cay and pure gold is justa lite sand; at whose LJ] the sun and the moon are dark; compared with whose marvelous sweetness honey is bitter to the taste. ‘Write your answers in the blanks in the text or note your choice of words in the box below: ceceoocvoecoeceoceecooocooooccooc’e999999990939 900909999090909000000 PTE MOCK TEST ~1 aap Reading and Writing: Fill in the Blanks - Item 1 Below is a text with blanks. For each blank, there is a list of choices. Select the appropriate answer choice for each blank. ‘The first fact that stands out clearly as a characteristic of LD life is activity. Everybody seems to be doing something. Activity seems, Farmers are cultivating their broad acres, woods- ‘men are chopping and hewing, miners are (Tin underground chambers, and the products of farm, forest, and mine are finding their way to the great distributing centers. Busiest ofall are the chrongs that thread the streets of the great centers, and in and out of stores and offices. Men and women rush from one office department stores to another; children pour into the intellectual hopper of the schoolroom and from there to the playground. Everybody is busy, and everybody is personal profit and satisfaction. Tick the words you think best fit the blanks in the box below:MEE #1 aovantace Reading and Writing: Fill in the Blanks ~ Item 2 Below is a text with blanks. For each blank, there is a list of choices. Select the appropriate answer choice for each blank. ‘There is a subtle difference between enduring continuance, which in other words is , and firmly adhering to one’s chosen course of action which is called obstinacy. Something of note here isthe difference between the attitudes of scientists around the world. While some of them persistently work on some projects; others give them up at some Lor the other. A notable ‘example here is Fleming. Fleming started doing work on penicillin in the late 20s. He tried his best to [HM it but failed in his efforts. He wrote in 1932 that he discontinued working on penicillin and gave his "as well. He said that it would never be useful and found it to be very J, Later on, in 1941 Florey and Chaine started their efforts to purify penicillin. And because of their persistent efforts, they discovered a (__T¥ to purify it. Both of them along as ae Tick the words you think best fit the blanks in the box below: with Fleming were awarded the Nobel Prize. ecoooqocecocc|e ceooctcooocococeuc39 PTE MOCK TEST ~1 2 O90 9 feading and Writing: ll in the Blanks ~ Item 3 Below is a text with blanks. For each blank, there is a list of choices. Select the appropriate answer choice for each blank. Every individual has his own personality that belongs to him, [9 from every other individual. But the devel i ii and with the physical activity. As an individual, his primary interest is in self, but he finds by experience that he cannot survive in [___1] . His impulses, his feelings, and his ideas are due to the relations that he has wich that which is outside of himself, He may ‘exercise choice, but itis within the limits set by these outside relations. He may make use of what they can do for him or he may antagonize them; he cannot ____¥ them. How the individual best adapts himself to his environment and adapts the environment to his own needs helps establish certain definite relationships. Any group of individuals, who have thus consciously relationships with one another and with their social environment, is a society. The relationshi through which the interplay of social forces is constanely going on make up the socal IO9900 5 9999900000359095 Sse ciel sda “Tick the words you think best fit the blanks in the box below:(RE #1 Avance Reading and Writing: Fill in the Blanks ~ Item 4 ooc Below is a text with blanks. For each blank, there is a list of choices. Select the appropriate answer choice for each blank. “The world undoubtedly (_—F) much co the study and research of the true scientist. All true art is based upon science. Science is knowledge of certain phenomena or movements which are found under cercain [Pl to occur regularly. The object of the true art is to study the conditions which allow these phenomena to occur. But the greatest [___¥ of the many systems, formulated upon the theories of the scientists, and of the so-called scientists, was not so much in their being based upon theories which often were [I as in the misunderstanding and ‘misapplication of true theories. While i is true thar the world owes much to science and the sci- centists, yet “the highest science can never fully explain the true phenomena, which are truly the phenomena of” | P ‘Tick the words you think best fit the blanks in the box below: cooccooooooocoaooooca a [PPTE MOCK TEST ~1 Pezot pReading and Writing: Fill in the Blanks - Item 5 d Below is a text with blanks. For each blank, there is a list of choices. Select the appropriate answer choice for each blank. ‘The English have not moved towards democracy with any" desire for that particular form, of government, and no vision ofa perfect state has sustained them on che|_——I¥l. Our boast has bbeen that we are a “practical” people, and so our politics are, as they ever have been, experimental. Reforms have been [TF not out of deference to some moral or political principle, but because the abuse had become{ TF, Dissatisfaction with the Government and the conviction that only by (and by free election of representatives can Parliament remove the grounds of dissatisfaction, have cartied us towards democracy. The conclusion is that a democratic revolu- i lished in England by a rising of the people, not by revolutionaries but by the of constitutional government. °. Tick the words you think best fit the blanks in the box below: 2IVU9OOO05O00 00000MEE 21: ov 008 (MO opart-3 usTeNING Summarize Spoken Text - Item 1 = (QD) Track 106; Play the CD to listen to the related recording, ~ You will hear a short lecture. Write a short summary in 50-70 words. You have 10 minutes to finish this task. Your response will be judged on the quality of your writing and on how well your \~ ‘response presents the key points presented in the lecture. | status: Beginning in 12 seconds gee Volume: Cat Copy Paste O Total Word Count: 0 |] Nex Write your answer in the box below:PTE MOCK TEST ~ 1 Summarize Spoken Text — Item 2 2D Track 107: Play the CD to listen to the related recording. You will hear a short lecture. Write a short summary in 50-70 words. You have 10 minutes to finish this task. Your response will be judged on the quality of your writing and on how well your response presents the key points presented in the lecture. ‘Status: Beginning in 12 seconde ‘Total Word Count: 0 ‘Write your answer in the box below:MESON &= Aovanrace ‘Summarize Spoken Text ~ Item 3 QD Track 108: Play the CD to listen to the related recording. You will bear a short lecture. Write a short summary in 50-70 words. You have 10 minutes to finish this task. Your response will be judged on the quality of your writing and on bow well your ‘response presents the key points presented in the lecture, Status: Beginning in 12 seconds i | en | mt ‘Total Word Count: 0 | Nex Write your answer in the box below:PTE MOCK TeST=1 =e Multiple-Choice, Choose Multiple Answers - Item 1 ed ‘Track 109: Play the CD to listen to the related recording. Listen to the recording and answer the multiple choice question by selecting all the correct responses, You will need to select more than one response. Status: Beginning in 7 seconds Which of the following are some of the tell-tale signs of oral cancer? Red boils on the tongue Bleeding from the gums Biopsy to determine malignancy Loose teeth Frequent infections in the mouth arches atthe back of the throat OQoooooPTE ADVANTAGE Multiple-Choice, Choose Multiple Answers - Item 2 e ‘Track 110: Play the CD to listen to the related recording. oooooo Negotiation Individual performance Games Motivation Social activities Leadership Status: Beginning in 7 seconds Volume‘ 5 Nan Listen to the recording and answer the multiple choice question by selecting all the correct responses. You will need to select more than one response. ‘Which of the following interpersonal skills are targeted for development in team building exercises?PTE MOCK TEST -1 207 Fill in the Blanks ~ Item 1 ea ‘Track 111: Play the CD to listen to the related recording. ‘You will hear a recording. Type the missing words in each blank. Status: Beginning in 7 seconds Volume In the] cycle of natural reproduction, many mysteries remained unanswered, but today the scientists have explored the mystery to such an extent that cloning is being used to LJ the food problem. Not only that, even American Food Department is considering allowing cloning of esis! Write from ) QD Track 123: Play the CD to listen to the related recording, You will bear some sentences. Write each sentence exactly as you bear it. Write as much of each ~ | sentence as you can. You will hear each sentence only once. Status: Beginning in 7 seconds > | Total Word Count: 0 © Foraddisional practice and testing, visit wwrw:[Link] or wwwheterthink in! pa909090009 999000990999399909009009095PTE Mock Test - 2 1 SPEAKING AND WRITING Ham Personal Introduction Read the prompt below. In 25 seconds, you must reply in your own words, as naturally and clearly as possible. You have 30 seconds to record your response. Your response will be sent together with ‘your score report 10 the institutions selected by you. Please introduce yourself. For example, you could talk about one or more of the following: 1. Your interests 2. Your plans for future study 3. Why you want to study abroad 4, Why you need to learn English 5. Why you chose this test Read Aloud - Item 1 Look at the text below. In 40 seconds you must read this text aloud as naturally and clearly as possible. You have 40 seconds to read this text aloud. Recorded Anewer Current Status: Beginning in 40 seconds According to Jeff Bezos, the founder of [Link], a culture within a company is difficult to change. Itcannot be forced, buc can be nurtured, continuously managed, in order for it to cake root. [pxWEEE = ovanrace Read Aloud - Item 2 Look at the text below. In 40 seconds you must read this text aloud as naturally and clearly as possible. You have 40 seconds to read this text aloud. Recorded Answer Current Satu: Beginning in 0 seconds When an innovation is unique and original ora novel approach to an original idea, iis considered an invention, For it to be considered an invention, it must not be obvious or easily conceived by people inthe specified field when confronted withthe problem, |[ New Read Aloud ~ Item 3 ‘Look at the text below. In 40 seconds you must read this text aloud as naturally and clearly as possible. You have 40 seconds to read this text aloud. Recorded Answer Current Status: Beginning in 40 seconde ‘The term “technological revolution” is often overused and is almost cliché. As such, it is not easy to define exactly what sore of technological revolutions have occurred throughout human history that were considered crucial and influential universally.PTE MOCK TEST ~2 ae Read Aloud ~ Item 4 possible. You have 40 seconds to read this text aloud. Recorded Answer ‘Current Status: Beginning in 40 seconds Examples of competitive rescarch can be found in daly newspapers and business journals such asthe | Wall Street Journal, Business Week or Forcune magazine. Often major airlines will change their fares daily in response tothe tactics of competitors. |] Nexe Read Aloud - Item 5 | Look at the text below. In 40 seconds you must read this text aloud as naturally and clearly as possible. You have 40 seconds to read this text aloud. Recorded Answer Current Status Beginning in 40 seconds ‘Oreas, the largest dolphin species, have been involved in several fatal attacks, all of which have hap- pened while they were in captivity. Some attacks from orcas in the wild have been documented, but none have been fatal |] New Look at the text below. Iu 40 seconds you must read this text aloud as naturally and clearly as | JWEI © sovanrace Read Aloud - Item 6 Look at the text below. In 40 seconds you must read this text aloud as naturally and clearly as possible. You have 40 seconds to read this text aloud. Recorded Answer ‘Current Status: Beginning in 0 seconds Both musicians and male dancers enter the area first and dance in formation, maintaining synchro- nized patterns. When the female dancers enter, the male dancers break apart and mingle with the female dancers. The females follow a stricter line or circle formation than the males. I] New Read Aloud - Item 7 Look at the text below. In 40 seconds you must read this text aloud as naturally and clearly as possible, You have 40 seconds to read this text aloud. Recorded Anewor ‘Current Status Beginning in 40 seconds ‘Some scientists claim that happiness can also be measured objectively by looking at the joy center of the brain, using advanced imaging technology, and seeing how well “lic up” itis. There are questions, however, whether this can be a more reliable sign than what is subjectively reported. || NexePTE MOCK TEST-2 = Repeat Sentence - Items 1 to 10 oe B) ‘Track 201: Play the CD to listen to the related recording. _,_| You will bear some sentences. Please repeat each sentence exactly as you hear it. You will hear each sentence only once. c Stats: Begining in 3 secones . ok in a 0 Recorded Answer 0 Ccurrre Stat Bagiing 10 Seconds c [| NewPTE ADVANTAGE Describe Image - Item 1 Look at the graphs below, In 25 seconds, please speak what they are showing. You will have 40 seconds to give your response. ‘Number of Laptop Units Available in Market as on 30th October 2010 (China) 0006 te 18M Del 1G —"tanovo” Acer Apple Proportion of Free Sofiware and Paid Software Provided by Company Stores (China, May 2010) gpl sore oat So thecenage of Fed Somers Recorded Anewor ‘Curent Status: Beginning in 10 seconds || NewPTE MOCK TEST - 2 Describe Image - Item 2 Look at the graphs below. In 25 seconds, please speak what they are showing. You will have 40 seconds to give your response. (Burton University) Percentage of students in ech faculty || Percentage of Non-US studont in “ats facaty Engineering ‘Asign— Ausalen—Atigan sence Europege Medicine, la ES sa Computing autos South Anercan Recorded Answer Current tas Beginning in 25 secondsPTE ADVANTAGE Describe Image - Item 3 Look at the graph below. In 25 seconds, please speak what it is showing. You will have 40 seconds to give your response. Exports from the USA during 2004-2008, 169 [Gantt in 100,000 ks ws | Val 10min | dole 4507150 aes? 2008 2005” 2006 ” 2007" 2008 oe beees Recorded Answer ‘Current Status: Beginning in 25 secondsPTE MOCK TEST -2 =e _ Describe Image - Item 4 Look at the graph below. In 25 seconds, please speak what itis showing. You will have 40 seconds to give your response. - Yield of Different Crops (in metric tons per hectare) 300 250 200 150 100 : 2012 2013 Recorded Answer o Current Status: Beginning in 25 seconds L iSREE 1: sovanace Describe Image ~ Item 5 Look at the map below. In 25 seconds, please speak what it is showing. You will have 40 seconds to give your response. Region-wise Percentage Economic Growth in Mexico During the Years 2001-2011 oocc C [neePTE MOCK TEST -2 [ast] Describe Image - Item 6 Look at the process diagram below, In 25 seconds, please speak what it is showing. You will have 40 seconds to give your response Wine Making Process east y &-i- vs Botting Adding Rae Men reservaives Nears) Recorded Answer ‘Current Status Beginning in 10 secondsFED Pre aovantace a Re-tell Lecture - Item 1 ed ‘Track 202: Play the CD to listen to the related recording. You will hear a lecture. After listening to the lecture, in 10 seconds, please retell what you have just heard from the lecture, in your own words. You will have 40 seconds to give your response. | Recorded Answer ‘Status: Beginning in 3 seconds Current Status Beginning in 10 secondsPTE MOCK TEST - 2 > Re-tell Lecture Item 2 a 8 ‘Track 203: Play the CD to listen to the related recording. You will hear a lecture. After listening to the lecture, in 10 seconds, please retell what you have “| just beard from the lecture, in your own words, You will bave 40 seconds to give your response. C 7 Recorded Answer ‘Status: Baginning in 3 seconds c ‘Current Status: eee tae Beginning in 10 second a Volume |WEEE 1c 20van race Re-tell Lecture - item 3 (QD track 204: Play the CD to listen to the related recording. You will hear a lecture. After listening to the lecture, in 10 seconds, please retell what you have _just heard from the lecture, in your own words. You will have 40 seconds to give your response. corded Answor ‘Status: Beginning in 3 seconds| CCurront Satu: Beginning in 10 seconds+ a > Answer Short Question Items 1 to 10 718 ‘Track 205: Play the CD to listen to the related recording. a You will hear some questions. Please give a simple and short answer to each one. Often just one ora few words is enough. Status: Beginning in 3 seconds IODVOFOD9909090D 9995909099993 PTE MOCK Test -2 aePTE ADVANTAGE Summarize Written Text - Item 1 Read the passage below and summarize it using one sentence. You have 10 minutes to finish the task. Your response will be judged on the quality of your writing and how well your response | ~ presents the key points in the passage. The Milky Way galaxy has whopping circumference of roughly 250-300 thousand light years. Within its main body, there are around 200 ~ 400 billion stars. It is believed that the Earth’ solar | ~ system exists very close to the galaxy’s galactic plane. Due to this fact only, che night sky appears to be divided into two vircually equal hemispheres. Ac che centre of our Milky Way is believed to be a gigantic black hole. Scientists have firm evidence that this huge sized black hole has swallowed adequate gus and dust co equal che mass of more than two million suns. But researchers still do not know how the black hole works and where all the matter and energy is lost, when it is sucked | inwards. The Milky Way's black hole is called Sagittarius A or Sgr. A and is thought ro have between 3.2 t04 million times, the mass of our sun. Sgr A rotates making 2 full revolution at about every 11 | Cut Copy Paste 9 ‘Total Word Count: 0 bea |Nae SC ‘Write your answer in the box below (5-75 words): iePTE MOCK TEST ~2 Summarize Written Text - Item 2 Read the passage below and summarize it using one sentence. You have 10 minutes to finish the task. Your response will be judged on the quality of your writing and how well your response presents the key points in the passage. ‘Wegener’ “The Origins of Continents and Oceans" propounded chat all of world’s continents had ‘once been joined cogether in a vase super continent, called “Pangaea” that means “all che earth”, and that about 200 million years ago Pangaca began to spli apart and the land pieces drifted apart to other locations on the globe. In 1596, a Dutch map maker, Abraham Orelius, also suggested that America, Eurasia and Africa were once joined and drifted apart “by earthquakes and floods” that created the modern Atlantic Ocean, Extensive evidences in the form of fossils of plants and animals of the same age found in different continent shores, suggested that these shores were once joined. ‘Wegener’ theory also received support from South Affican geologists Alexander Du Toit and Arthur Holmes’ theory of plate tectonics. The theory says that huge plates, several miles thick, lie under Earth's continents and oceans. As heat rises from deep underground, these plates move. This action is known as plate tectonics and it explains how the continents have drifted apart in che past and continue to drift today. This shows that, though Wegner had some of the details wrong, his basic idea was way ahead of time. (Source: hup/ ew pars ts gonaulbase-2889) cx on | | ‘Total Word Count: 0 ‘Write your answer in the box below (5-75 words):EEE Pre advantace Write Essay - Item 1 You will have 20 minutes to plan, write and revise an essay about the topic below. Your response will be judged on how well you develop, a position, organize your ideas, present supporting details, and control the elements of standard written English. You should write 200-300 words. In the competition for consumerism, natural resources are fast depleting and run the isk of disap- pearing from the face of the Earth. What steps do you think governments and people should take to protect and preserve the natural resources? Support your point of view with reasons and/or examples from your own experience or observations. Cut Copy Paste ‘Total Word Count: 0 ‘Wiite your answer in the box below (200-300 words):PTE MOCK TEST - 2 aD Write Essay - Item 2 You will have 20 minutes 10 plan, write and revise an essay about the topic below. Your response will be judged on bow well you develop, a position, organize your ideas, present supporting details, and control the elements of standard written English. You should write 200-300 words. ‘As populations around the world grow olde, the cost of healthcare forthe elderly is tsing. Govesn- | iments are increasingly finding ic difficult to bear the cost of healthcare of these increasing numbers. | Even their families are not able to ake good care of their elderly relatives. What is your opinion and ‘what are your suggestions to tackle the problem? Support your point of view with reasons and/or ‘examples from your own experience or observations. a Cut Copy Paste Total Word Count: 0 |] Next ‘Write your answer in the box below (200-300 words)PTE ADVANTAGE (_part-2 READING Multiple-Choice, Choose Single Answer ~ Item 1 One strong emotion that corrupts our brains is anger. The circulation of the blood increases, in the angry man who feels cheated as he loses self-control and picks up a row. Why is one compelled to react to these negative emotions so strongly and irrationally? When one receives, some bad news, self-control becomes impossible, che senses stop working and one may suffer anxiety and restlessness. This gap in self-control increases the chances that one feels cheated and the animal instincts take over. Is there a way out of the situation? “The trick here is to observe our emotions, instead of immediately reacting. This proves as an in-built check on negative tendencies like cheating, In other words, the strongest of emotions can be overpowered by introspection. Read the text and answer the multiple choice question by selecting the correct response. Only one response is correct. ‘Wha physical condition makes a person lose self-control and get angry? (© Strong emotion corrupts the brain. © Blood pressure rises. © Senses stop working. © The animal instincts take over.PTE MOCK TEST ~ 2 Multiple-Choice, Choose Single Answer ~ Item 2 Interestingly, biotechnology existed even in pre-historic ages when the early man started harvesting crops and domesticating animals. In the good old days, the bakers experimented with soft, spongy bread. The poor baker did not know that he was making experiments as a pioneer biotechnologist. Animal breeders of early ages experimented with cross-breeding and realized that the favorable traits could be magnified in the offspring. Some scientists believe that biotechnology is a solution to all problems of life on this earth. The new discov- erties of biotechnology have helped farmers to get pest-tesistant crops and farmers arc able to increase production, nutrition and many other characteristics. Scientists have developed techniques of gene splicing and recombinant DNA technology co get new molecules. They are con- fidene that plane breeding can solve the food problem in India, Read the text and answer the multiple choice question by selecting the correct response. Only one response is correct. How is biotechnology a probable solution to all problems of life on this Earch? © Ichelps the baker make soft, spongy bread. © Animal breeders can cross-breed to get favorable traits in the offipring © Biotechnology can help farmers to get pest- resistant crops. © Biotechnology can help increase production, nutrition and add other characteristics.WEEN © = sovan race Multiple-Choice, Choose Multiple Answers - Item 1 Many individuals claim for themselves, and make a living by so doing, a peculiar property oor power as potent mesmerizers and hypnoti2~ ers, One even often hears it said in society (I am sorry to say that these mischievous practices and pranks are sometimes made a society game) that such a person is a clever hypnotist or has great mesmeric or healing power. I hope to be able to prove, what I firmly hold, both from ‘my own personal experience and experiment, thae there is no such thing as a potent mesmeric influence, no such power resident in any one person more than another; that a glass of water, a tree, ofa stick can mesmerize a effectually as can any individual. A clever hypnotizer means only a person who is acquainted with the physical or mental tricks by which the hypnotic condition is produced; or sometimes an ignorant imposter who is unaware of the very trifling part for which he is cast in the play, and who supposes himself really to possess a mysterious power which in fact he does not possess at all, or which, to speak more accurately, is equally possessed by every stock or stone.” (Souree: hupy/wwwe-gutenberg one! file! 19342/19342-h/[Link]) Read the text and answer the multiple choice question by selecting all the correct responses. ‘More than one response is correct. ‘The author compares the mesmeric power of a clever hypnotist with powers of which of the following? ‘An impostor ‘A piece of rock ‘An ordinary stick A glass of water ‘A power healer oooogPTE MOCK TEST - 2 Multiple-Choice, Choose Multiple Answers ~ Item 2 “The ongoing conflict between ewo mega cola companies is known to all, All carbonated bev- rages generally lie under the fagship of two champs in this field, Coca Cola Company and PepsiCo. The brand conflict has furthered co a great extent. The lust ro dominate does not extend to supermarkets alone. The turmoil ‘extends from control over restaurants supply of cola to suppliers to big countries. The rivalry is for global control. This long battle to sweep the global market has lasted for decades. It seems as legendary as the conflict of good and evil. But the choice depends on consumers’ taste buds. The consumer caste criteria adjudge what is ‘good’ and what is the ‘evil’. Both Coca cola and PepsiCo leave no stone unturned. They go to the extent of deterring the rival company on URLs and through commercials. Despite all the convulsive episodes, and both companies claiming the ball co be in cheir court, the consumer ie. the jury is still undecided who rules the marker, Read the text and answer the multiple choice question by selecting all the correct responses. More than one response is correct. What business spheres have been mentioned for the cola companies to gain control of the global cola business? restaurants Aagships taste buds carbonated beverages supermarkets oooooWET Fe so vantace Multiple-Choice, Choose Multiple Answers — Item 3 Yoga has taken the limelight and many people have learnt the advantages of indulgence in it. In India since primeval times yoga has yielded hralth to yogis. People have inculcated regular yoga regime in their lives. It has since enriched the lives of people on other lands also. Being an ‘eastern concept, it took time before enveloping the western people in its stride, Tt helps cope ‘wich common ailments like bronchitis, consti pation, stress and mental imbalances even fatal diseases like cancer can be cured. It revitalizes the lost immunity. The splendid news is that yoga today needs no long hours training, It only needs a consistent routine of forty five minutes daily. These forty five minutes if spent regularly can work wonders with your health. Yoga can have a profound effect on our life style. In this chaotic materialistic world where tension sur- rounds everyone everywhere, a session of yoga can bea stress buster. It enhances concentration and helps those out of shape or obese, It briskly bums the calorie count and sheds the extra flab from the body. No doubt it has gained ever- increasing popularity. We can attribute yoga to be the oldest practice of self enhancement. This simplistic technique has allured many in this fast paced world to rejuvenate their lives Read the text and answer the multiple choice (question by selecting all the correct responses. ‘More than one response is correct. How does yoga revitalize our physical being? By building immunity By being a stress buster By enhancing concentration By reducing the calorie count By fighting common ailments oooooPTE MOCK TEST ~2 _ Re-order Paragraphs - Item 1 The text boxes below have been placed in a random order. Restore the original order by rearranging the text boxes in the correct sequence. _..| [ By beginning so carly, he knows that he has plenty of time to do all his work thor- _» | | oughly; he is not tempted to hurry over any part of it. © | [After a sound night’ rest he rises early | | next morning in good health and spirits = for the labors of a new day. : He gets to sleep several hours before v © | | midnighe at che time when sleep is most refreshing. In many cases the carly riser also finds © | | time to take some exercise in the fresh __.| | moming air, and this exercise supplies | ¢ him wich a reserve of energy that will ast | (until che evening, | ___|_[ Allis work having been finshed in good © |_| time, he has a long interval of res in the _~ | | evening before che timely hour when he goes to bed. 4 NextET Fe 0 vanrace Re-order Paragraphs - Item 2 The text boxes below have been placed in a random order. Restore the original order by rearranging the text boxes in the correct sequence. Ie is true that legislative and administra tive capacities are developed largely by experience in this public life, but foundations need to be laid at a much earlier | ‘The proper conduct of universities is | a matter of first rate importance to the > state, because itis there that leaders of the ¢ » country are trained. > Ie is from this university teaching that a young man should learn to examine critically the material before him, to arrive at a balanced judgment; and not to be carried away by mere catchwords. Education there is calculated to produce and is producing, men who will be able to play worthy part in public life.PTE MOCK TEST - 2 ma Re-order Paragraphs — Item 3 The text boxes below have been placed in a random order. Restore the original order by rear ranging the text boxes in the correct sequence. Here are bloodless battles ~ dogfights out ‘of which both the dogs emerge exhausted but cheerful. A contest in itself is almost an absorbing spectacle, and i is only odious so far as some element of cruelty or brutality enters into it. Games, better than anything else, provide us contests from which we need not shrink out of kindness of heart.(ERE 1c sovantace Reading; Fill in the Blanks - Item 1 In the text below some words are missing. Select words from the box below to the appropriate place in the text. “The fundamental idea of the mind cure system is that chere is no such ching as, Disease is an error of the 1] the result of fear. Fear is only faith inverted and perverted. God, who is all good Himself, and who made everything good, cannot have been the author of any disease. [As the disease is not aL] it has no existence, and when the healer succeeds in impressing. this fact upon the mind of the patient, thes effected. ‘Write your answers in the blanks in the text or note your choice of words in the box below: cececococeccococecocececccoccec’?e7929999990099 900900009099955953909 Te Mock Test 2 a Reading: Fill in the Blanks ~ Item 2 In the text below some words are missing, Select words from the box below to the appropriate ‘place in the text, ‘As ais constructed from different kinds of materials, a diet is constructed from fuel material, body building material, and body regulating material. No diet is perfect without any one of them, Ie needs some thought to put the various materials together Like diflsere building materials needed to build a house, differene{__] materials have to be thoughtfully pur to make a balanced diet. But there are a few which work for all parts of the body. ‘Write your answers in the blanks in the text or note your choice of words in the box below:BRE © sovantace Reading; Fill in the Blanks - Item 3 In the text below some words are missing. Select words from the box below to the appropriate place in the text. ‘A 1] name’ earned in youth has a long way to go. But those who overlook this make a Jamentable [____], which unless speedily corrected can prove disastrous throughout life. For a young man, a good characteris the! capital he can possess to start with in life. [tis more ‘dependable than L———]. Reputation is most important for success even during failure, for ‘when moncy L_———1 reputation stays. ‘Write your answers in the blanks in the text or note yout choice of words in the box below: -oceccoceboecnooneocococooccrtea A i PTE Mock Test -2 En © Reading: Fill in the Blanks - Item 4 In the text below some words are missing. Select words from the bax below to the appropriate place in the text. ‘The gated community offers services par excellence and an escape from regular (1 problems like power cuts, water cuts, improper roads, clogged sewerage system and heaps of « The real estate developer provides all the basic amenities like power supply, water supply, waste ‘management, water watming etal. And people have the added benef of living among ‘their own types’. In this "——] world, who will not long for a stress-free space with [_—_] sharing one’s sensibilities? Write your answers in the blanks in the text or note your choice of words in the box below: 299090009090900909009900000WEE 61 ov ce Reading: Fill in the Blanks ~ Item 5 In the text below some words are missing. Select words from the bax below to the appropriate place in the text. “The L_] American intellectual growth ovies to the revolutionary exiles has never been fully appreciated. ‘The seed disseminated by them, though so litle understood at the time, has brought arich harvest. They have at all times held aloft the! of liberty, chus impregnating the social vitality of the Nation, Emma Goldman was one of the few who, while thoroughly (their individuality, became an important factor in the social and intellectual atmosphere of America. ean =r 2 z | ‘Write your answers in the blanks in the text or note your choice of words in the box below: cooeooageococecocaeooocoocoo0oooc’'29999099009999099999090099909905 PTE MOCK TEST ~2 am Reading and Writing: Fill in the Blanks - Item 1 Below is a text with blanks. For each blank, there is a list of choices. Select the appropriate answer choice for each blank. ‘So early as the third century B.C., Buddhism seems to havel __—T¥ in China, though it was not until the latter pare of the first century A.D. that a regular propaganda was established, and not until a century or two later still that chis religion began co take a firm [of the Chinese people. Ic was [—_P opposed by the Taoists, and only afier the lapse of many cencuies were the two doctrines able to exist side by side in peace. Each religion began early to borrow from the other. In the words of the philosopher Chu Hsi, of the twelfeh cencury, “Buddhism stole the best features of Taoism; Taoism stole the worst features of Buddhism. Ic is as though one cook [Fi from the other, and the loser recouped the loss with a stone.” Nowadays it takes an ‘expert co [—P beeween the temples and priests of che two religions, and members of both hierarchies are often simultaneously summoned by persons needing religious consolation or cer- ‘emonial of any kind. (Gource: Gutenberg hep:/[Link] com/books!gileteligions!chapO05. hurl) ‘Tick the words you think best fit the blanks in the box below:(MES Fe ovantace Reading and Writing: Fill in the Blanks ~ Item 2 Below is a text with blanks. For each blank, there is a list of eboices. Select she appropriate answer choice for each blank. ‘A firm believer of the theory that every action and thought has a cause probably entangled with the unconscious mind, he considered dreams co be the [_I¥ emotions in di Every ‘dream has a symbolic notation. Itis a representation of our hidden pleasures and| which our ego as guarded in day’ igh othe lakes of nigh hee pen up urges get outrageous and find way through dreams, even healthy minded dream. ‘The suppression became the to these dreams. The content or stimuli to these dreams could relate to any present or past event of restriction, Freud’s writing [the existence of dream interpreters or terminology explaining meanings of dream symbols, He said the significance of all dreams could be studied through personal experience as self [_¥l would be the best to study one's own fantasies. ‘Tick the words you think best fit the blanks in the box below: coeoceccooococnccooecooecooocec’¢° (5 PIEMOCK TesT~2 Pas > Reading and Writing: Fill in the Blanks ~ Item 3 © | Below is a text with blanks. For each blank, there isa list of choices. Select the appropriate | answer ehoice for each blank. ‘Whether the argument is oral or written, the active (Fis to make the other person take © | your view of the subject. In an explanation we put forth our personal attitude before others but in an argument, we realize people are having a different view on the same subject. So we use two © | weapons one is of conviction and the other is of persuasion. We try to prove the authenticity of our criteria by (1 others, using practical examples so that the other party comes round to |. our point of view. We also use moralizing to bring more partisans to our view. Bucwhen this lacks ‘> | Practical touch it can be called TF. If you put forth that the shape of hills in New England is due to glaciers, you are first trying to persuade. Since here logic is(__—_T¥, it cannot be convinc- © | ing. Human thinking and feeling also comes to rescue. The fist reaction could be spontaneous due to feeling but reasoning does come later. So in all arguments one must keep in mind both the ©) |) forces so that our criterion sees light. a z 5 5 (© Tick the words you think best fit the blanks in the box below: 0 0 ° i a 4 ° ° oOES 1 Advantace: Reading and Writing: Fill in the Blanks ~ Item 4 Below is a text with blanks. For each blank, there is a list of choices, Select the appropriate answer choice for each blank. ‘Many theories have been advanced, secking variously to identify nationalism with language, culture, race, politics, geography, economics, or religion. Now these, and even other, matters may be factors predisposing or contributing to the formation of national consciousness. But, in the last analysis, nationalism is something over and above all its (elements, which it works into anew and higher (Fl As a matter of fact, nationalism is a state of mind ~ a belief, held by a fairly large number of individuals, that they constitute a “Nationality”; itis a sense of belonging together as a “Nation”. This “Nation’, as visualized in the minds of its believers, is a people or community associated together and organized under one [¥, and dwelling together in a distinct I]. “State” is the material manifestation of an ideal, which may have pre-existed for generations as a mere pious aspiration with no [—_1¥ attributes like state sovereignty or physical frontiers. (Source: hpsfwwwforgotenbooks com/teadbook_sext/The_New_ Worf Ilam_1000019054/165) coceoecccocouoeccocooceoeoce oePTE MOCK TEST -2 © HBB parr -3 usteninc Summarize Spoken Text - Item 1 ee ‘Track 206: Play the CD to listen to the related recording. You will hear a short lecture. Write a short summary in 50-70 words. You have 10 minutes to finish this task. Your response will be judged on the quality of your writing and on how well your | response presents the hey points presented in the lecture. Stas: Begining i 12 seconds pe 0 olume Motume a | a a ps Cut Copy Paste | Total Word Count: 0 [| Nex ©) Write your answer in the box below:PTE ADVANTAGE Summarize Spoken Text - Item 2 QD Track 207: Play the CD to listen to the related recording, You will hear a short lecture. Write a short summary in 50-70 words. You have 10 minutes to finish this task. Your response will be judged on the quality of your writing and on how well your ‘response presents the key points presented in the lecture. Status: Beginning n 12 seconds Volume Cut Copy Paste ‘Total Word Count: 0 ‘Write your answer in the box below:PTE MOCK TEST -2 ‘Summarize Spoken Text ~ Item 3 QD Track 208: lay the CD to listen to the related recording, You will hear a short lecture. Write a short. summary in 50-70 words. You have 10 minutes to finish this task. Your response will be judged on the quality of your writing and on how well your response presents the key points presented in the lecture. a ce | cnr | tee | Total Word Count: 0 || Next ‘Write your answer in the box below:MBE #1 sovantace Multiple-Choice, Choose Multiple Answers — Item 1 e ‘Track 209: Play the CD to listen to the related recording. Listen to the recording and answer the multiple choice question by selecting all the correct responses. You will need to select more than one response. Statue: Beginning in 12 seconds je Volume ee ‘As per the recording, which ofthe following protections can be taken to ward off melanoma? Reduce alcohol intake Avoid alcohol alrogether Women to avoid alcohol Quit smoking Use a sun block ‘Avoid being out in the sun during midday oooooo/., PTE MOCK TEST-2 EE: -~ Multiple-Choice, Choose Multiple Answers - Item 2 rn ea ‘Track 210: Play the CD to listen to the related recording. Listen to the recording and answer the multiple choice question by selecting all the correct > | responses. You will need to select more than one response, ‘Status: Beginning in 12 seconds : Vol - * As per the recording, what records did the wise men in all ages keep? Records of eclipses or the appearance of a comet Records of seasonal changes and weather patterns Records of the perceived causes of heat, light and weather Record of virulence of 2 disease, like plague Records of great epidemics, floods or fires accompanying celestial events ooooo [| New(MBER = vance Fill in the Blanks ~ Item 1 QD Track 211: Play the CD to listen to the related recording, ‘You will bear a recording. Type the missing words in each blank. ‘Status: Beginning in 12 seconds Volume van “There are some pitfalls in this technology-induced education. All the experienced and veteran teachers are mostly teaching students who are a (_—] younger than the teachers. ‘The students are more technologically savvy, and are more aware of the uses of technology. Teachers are less connected with technology and face certain] while trying to assimilate the technology in the classroom. It is especially difficult for teachers who have been teaching in the old ways for a long time to suddenly new way of teaching that they have never used before. Ic can sometimes make the teachers feel less competent and less |_—_] of themselves. Many schools and colleges also do not have proper facilities and resources to assimilate technology in the classroom. Yer both these problems co in nature because the future for the human infrastructure (teachers) as well as infrastructure (school and college campuses) is technology and technology alone. |] Nex Write your answers in the blanks in the text or note your choice of words in the box below:PTE MOCK TEST - 2 Fill in the Blanks - Item 2 a ‘Track 212: Play the CD to listen to the related recording. You will hear a recording. Type the missing words in each blank. Status: Beginning in 12 seconds Volume pia Even though many people believe in the coal plays no role in diamond formation. Coal itself isa fossil fuel because ic is formed from the remains of J and animals which lived millions of years ago. Now, diamonds are much much older than coal and definitely older than the cearth’s first land [1]. There is also other [J to consider. First is the fact that coal ori nates in horizontally placed (____ rock units. Diamonds, on the other hand, are found in vertical pipes filled with igneous rocle. Write your answers in the blanks in the text or note your choice of words in the box below:PTE ADVANTAGE Fill in the Blanks - Item 3 8 ‘Track 213: Play the CD to listen to the related recording. You will hear a recording. Type the missing words in each blank. Status: Beginning in 12 seconds emanate Volume eet (J worldwide think that almost all diamonds in commercial diamond deposits were assembled in the mantle and because of volcanic (—_] they move towards the surface after tearing through the mantle. For thel 1 of natural diamonds, very high temperatures and pressures are required. This is approximately 2000 degrees Fahrenheit or 1050 degrees C. This cannot be found apts oo the Hanh écept et aidepth of aboot 150 Klomeres(=+——] dosent sucace, the types of eruptions which have caused these have never been recorded by scientists (1 date. es eee |e ‘Write your answers in the blanks in the text or note your choice of words in the box below:PTE MOCK TEST - 2 a Highlight Correct Summary - Item 1 ‘Track 214: Play the CD to listen to the related recording. You will hear a recording. Click on the paragraph that best relates to the recording. Status: Beginning in 12 seconde Volume: [i BSbGaSSSSAESESEEEEE (© Greece has the largest number of islands as well as mountains and mountain ranges in Europe, including Mount Olympus, the fourth highest peak in Europe and the Pindus mountain range. © Mount Olympus, the highest mid-sea peak that rises 3000 m above sea level, is among the several ‘mountain ranges in Greece, which also has a number of islands including the 250 km long Crete Island, (© Greece is home to the fourth highest mid-sca peak in Europe, as well 2s to the Pindus mountain range, which has created several islands including the 250 km long Crete Island. Highlight Correct Summary - Item 2 ed ‘Track 215: Play the CD to listen to the related recording,PTE ADVANTAGE You will hear a recording. Click on the paragraph that best relates to the recording. Status: Beginning n 12 seconds (© Tobacco and alcohol use are high risk factors for most type of oral cancers, including cancers of the head and neck, and should best be avoided. (© Tobacco use in its various forms, including smoking, chewing, snuffing and passive smoking is a high risk factor for cancers of the oral cavity, bue throat and lip cancers have different origins. © Oral cancers are non-communicative but are the direct result of substance abuse, including alco hol use beyond limits of moderation, tobacco use in various forms etc. (© Though risk factors for oral cancer include alcohol use, ultraviolet rays of the sun and some other types of cancer, the number one risk factor remains tobacco use, which can add to the risk factors for lip cancer als. Multiple-Choice, Choose Single Answer ~ Item 1 a ‘Track 216: Play the CD to listen to the related recording. Listen to the recording and answer the multiple choice question by selecting the correct response. Only one response is correct. Status: Beginning in 12 seconds Volume pee See ‘What does physical exercise achieve with regard to muscle cells? © Ic regulates their number and size. © Icenhances their number and size © Itenhances their size. (© Ichas no effect on their number and size. fPTE MOCK TEST ~ 2 . Multiple-Choice, Choose Single Answer — Item 2 QD Track 217: Play the CD to listen to the related recording. Listen to the recording and answer the multiple eboice question by selecting the correct response. ~ | Only one response is correct. ‘Status: Beginning in 12 seconde Volume cr ———e How can we bring moral values to generate courage to fight “big scars” like Holocaust? (© We should have an advance action plan in hand to react to a situation. © | © We should judge the seriousness of the violation of human values and stand by the oppressed © We should understand the greater good and objectively create a system to preempt violations. (© We should not be mute spectators and confront the perpetrators of heinous crimes. Multiple-Choice, Choose Single Answer ~ Item 3 c e ‘Track 218; Play the CD to listen to the related recording. Listen to the recording and answer the multiple choice question by selecting the correct response. Only one response is correct. ‘Status: Beginning in 12 seconds Vol a ‘Which of the following options describes the consciousness of a newly born baby? © He is attracted to light and is fearful of dark. (© He takes time to adjust himself to the brightness of the light. © He experiences the new world in amazement and slowly learns ways of the world. (© He shows instinets that can only be the accumulated wisdom of the human race. " j Hee ee NaPTE ADVANTAGE Select Mi ing Word - Item 1 2 ‘Track 219: Play the CD to listen to the related recording, You will hear a recording about information security. At the end of the recording, the last word or group of words has been replaced by a beep. Select the correct option to complete the recording. Status: Beginningin 12 seconds| Vo si disclosure failure 0000 Select Missing Word - Item 2 ed ‘Track 220; Play the CD to listen to the related recording. You will hear a recording about Galileo. At the end of the recording, the last word or group of words has been replaced by a beep. Select the correct option to complete the recording. Status: Beginning in 12 seconds -— Volume field of science popular belief church state e000PTE MOCK TEST - 2 Highlight Incorrect Words ~ Item 1 QD Track 221: Play the CD to listen to the related recording. You will hear a recording. Below is a transcript of the recording. Some words in the transcription differ from what the speaker(s) said. Click on the words that are different, Status: Beginning in 12 seconde ey Volume nee Exetcise is a solid means of improving motor skills, feness and to gain bone strength and joint | | function. Exercise has positive effects upon muscles; it formulates the muscles. Aerobie exercises involve low levels of exertion in which the muscles are used at will below their maximum contraction strength for long periods. Aerobic exercises consume a mixture of fat, protein, and carbohydrates for ‘energy, along with oxygen in a large measure. They involve shore busts of higher intensity contractions and the body gains much strength. Skeleton muscle can carry more oxygen and contain acrobic activity [na Highlight Incorrect Words - Item 2 ed ‘Track 222: Play the CD to listen to the related recording.PTE ADVANTAGE ‘You will bear a recording. Below isa transcript of the recording. Some words in the transcription differ from what the speaker(s) said. Click on the words that are different. Status: Beginning in 12 seconds — Neodlassicism held a strong position in architecture during the hundred year period between 1750 || ~ and 1850. It competed with neo-Gothic style, which rose in popularity during the early 19th century. During early 19th century, architecture was categorized by a variety of styles which only slightly | recalled classicism or were unrelated. While classical architecture continued to play an important role fot short periods of time during the 1920s, it never gained dominance, With the advent of modelism in the early 1900s, classical architecture as a whole has for the most part been left behind. ~ ae Highlight Incorrect Words - Item 3 - 8 ‘Track 223: Play the CD to listen to the related recording, ¥ You will bear a recording. Below is a transcript of the recording. Some words in the transcription differ from what the speaker(s) said. Click on the words that are different, Status: Beginning in 12 seconds oe Voumes = Pee Q ee Y Insomnia is a sleep disorder which is described as sleeplessness. This can evolve either che inability to fall asleep or che inability to stay asleep as long as desired. Insomnia is grouped into primary and secondary insoumnia. Sewuudaty insomnia is associared with another disorder. Primary inzomnia is a sleep disorder which cannot be contributed to any medical, psychological or environmental cause. It is described chiefly as the difficuly of falling asleep and patients will often state that itakes them a | long time to fall asleep. It can also be described as having disturbances during sleep as well as experi- cencing sleep which is not freshening. A complete diagnosis is needed in order ro demarcate whether | the insomnia is unique unto itself or is associated with another condition. Te TP Nexfs PTE MOCK TEST ~2 > Write from Dictation ~ Items 1 to 4 a a ‘Track 224: Play the CD to listen to the related recording. ‘You will bear some sentences. Write each sentence exactly as you hear it. Write as much of each ~ | sentence as you can. You will hear each sentence only once. | Status: Beginning in 12 seconde Volume A Cut Copy Paste ‘Total Word Count: 0 For additional practice and testing, visit www. [Link] or wore betterthinkin399909909999090999999999999999099PTE Mock Test - 3 MMB art-1 SPEAKING AND WRITING Personal Introduction Read the prompt below. In 25 seconds, you must reply in your own words, as naturally and clearly 4s possible. You have 30 seconds to record your response. Your response will be sent together with Your score report to the institutions selected by you. Please introduce yourself. For example, you could talk about one ot more of the following: 1, Your interests 2. Your plans for furure study 3. Why you want co study abroad 4, Why you need to learn English 5. Why you chose this test Read Aloud ~ Item 1 Look at the text below. In 40 seconds, you must read this text aloud as naturally and clearly as possible. You have 40 seconds to read this text aloud. Recorded Anewer Current Status Beginning in 40 seconds Subjective well-being is defined as a combination of an individual's emotional reactions, satisfaction with specific areas of life and satisfaction of life as a whole. There is no overall agreement on what specific groups of activities can predict subjective well-being, though it is generally agrced that li- sure activities do contribute. I] NewETI #1 s0vantace Read Aloud ~ Item 2 ‘Look at the text below. In 40 seconds, you must read this text aloud as naturally and clearly as (possible. You have 40 seconds to read this text aloud. SelEawareness isthe ability to know one’s emorions, strengths, weaknesses, drives, values and goals as ‘well as ones ability to recognize the impact of these on others and to use intuition to guide decisions. Read Aloud - Item 3 ‘Look at the text below. In 40 seconds, you must read this text aloud as naturally and clearly as ‘possible, You have 40 seconds to read this text aloud. Ic is indubicable that free representative governments are the only foundation on which the prosperity and happiness of communities can safely repose. It only remains to ascertain how far the actual circumstances of a community are compatible with the concession of so great and important a privilege. oO ¢ ooCOoC c coococe c cococccooc € LIIVOIDVO 45950 5 7 3 > > aoe 2-96-03) d > PTE MOCK TEST-3 a Read Aloud — Item 4 Look at the text below. in 40 seconds, you must read this text aloud as naturally and clearly as possible. You have 40 seconds to read this text aloud. Asan interdisciplinary field, future studies are concerned with studying the changes that took place in the pastas well as those thar are currently happening. Futurists aggregate and analyze both lay and professional strategies and opinions with respect ro future. Read Aloud - Item 5 Look at the text below. In 40 seconds, you must read this text aloud as naturally and clearly as possible. You have 40 seconds to read this text aloud. ‘Oceans and water bodies absorb solar radiation and this raises their temperature. The latent heat of evaporating water amplifies convection and this produces various atmospheric phenomena such as wind, cyclones, tornadoes, and hurricanesRE © s0vantace Read Aloud - Item 6 Look at the text below. In 40 seconds, you must read this text aloud as naturally and clearly as possible. You have 40 seconds to read this text aloud, ‘All water on Earth is essentially recycled water when we consider the Earth’s hydrosphere or water ‘gcle. However, the term recycled water is used in reference to wastewater sent from a home or business through a pipeline or ‘sewer system’ co a treatment facilicy. Read Aloud - Item 7 ‘Look at the text below. In 40 seconds, you must read this text aloud as naturally and clearly as. ‘possible. You have 40 seconds to read this text aloud. Robots are essentially machines that can operate autonomously, mimicking human behaviour as well as performance of tasks in a similar fashion as humans. Research regarding the functionality and potential uses of robots, however, did not occur until the 20th century. eococcce cececoucegococc c « C ocoocPTE MOCK TEST - 3 Repeat Sentence — Items 1 to 10 a ‘Track 301: Play the CD to listen to the related recording. 27 You will hear some sentences. Please repeat each sentence exactly as you hear it. You will hear ~ | each sentence only once. Status: Boginning in 3 seconds —— Volume Recorded Answer Current Status: Beginning in 10 secondsPTE ADVANTAGE Describe Image - Item 1 ‘Look at the graph below. In 25 seconds, please speak what itis showing. You will have 40 seconds 10 give your response. Percentage of teenagers and their parents with number of their Internet friends [a 5% Parent Teen Recorded Answor Current Status: Beginning in 10 secondPTE MOCK TEST - 3 279 Describe Image - Item 2 Look at the graphs below. In 25 seconds, please speak what they are showing. You will have 40 seconds to give your response. Users of social net working site [Link] According to Gender S15 7 sit sos + 495 + 494 aos + 48+ Mate. Female oe 04 Less than High High School Some College Bachelor. = Graduate Sehioo! Diploma Degree Degree DiplomaWERE #1 A0vanrace Describe Image - Item 3 Look at the graph below. In 25 seconds, please speak what itis showing. You will have 40 seconds to give your response. ‘Number of male and female employees in an organization » 3s 2008 200d = 200520082007 2008 Recorded Answer Current Status eginning in 10 secondePTE MOCK TEST ~ 3 Describe Image - Item 4 em to give your response. Children in Primary* Education (% of Total) Wi rurt BBE Urban 100 80 60 40 20 1992 2005 2008 Children in Secondary* Education (9 of Total) CChildren in secondary? education, % of total 400 20 60 1992 22008 2008 Source: IPEA *7-1Ayears old 114-17 years old Look at the graph below. In 25 seconds, please speak what it is showing. You will have 40 seconds Recorded Answor Current Status: Beginning in 10 seconds |] NextWEE 1 aovantace Describe Image - Item 5 seconds to give your response. 2014 PRIVATE BANKS ‘OTHERS 10.2% 28% ' STATE GOVT. 7.4% FOA 27.6% $2.25 milions PRIVATE BANKS 2.2% TSPFB 'SPFB STATE GOVT. 44% FDA “Look at the grapbe below In 25 seconds, please speak what they are showing. You will have 40 Sources of finance for poultry farmers for the years 2014 and 2015 2015 oTHERs 114% 16.0% ‘Total finance lent for the year is ‘Total finance lent forthe year is 410% more than the previous year. Recorded Answer Current Status Beginning in 10 seconds299039590 I9dVIAIDIADDIDAIID 90009 > PTE MOCK TEST -3 Describe Image - Item 6 Look at the map below. In 25 seconds, please speak what itis showing. You will have 40 seconds to give your response. i Source: Adapted from: hetp://[Link]/images/Countries_Maps/AsiaCountries/ Australia [Link]WEI © so vantace: Re-tell Lecture - Item 1 B. ] ‘Track 302: Play the CD to listen to the related recording. You will hear a lecture. After listening to the lecture, in 10 seconds, please retell what you have just beard from the lecture, in your own words. You will have 40 seconds to give your response. Status: Boginning in 3 seconds | Recorded Answor ‘Cument Status: ae at Beginning in 10 seconds aanPTE MOCK TEST - 3 Re-tell Lecture - Item 2 a ‘Track 303: Play the CD to listen to the related recording. You will hear a lecture. After listening to the lecture, in 10 seconds, please retell what you have just beard from the lecture, in your own words. You will have 40 seconds to give your response. ‘Status: Beginning in 3 soconde Volume * ee Recorded Answer Current Status: Beginning in 10 secondsWED #1 aovantace: Re-tell Lecture - Item 3 QD) rack 306 Pay he CD ose othe elated recording just heard from the lecture, in your own words. You will have 40 seconds Status: Beginning in 3 seconds Current Status: Beginning in 10 seconds You will hear a lecture. After listening to the lecture, in 10 seconds, please retell what you have to give your response. |] NextPTE MOCK TEST -3 ou Answer Short Questions - Items 1 to 10 ed ‘Track 305: Play the CD to listen to the related recording. You will hear some questions. Please give a simple and short answer to each one. Often just one or a few words is enough. Status: Beginning in 3 seconds Volume tae ee Recorded Anewor Curent Status: Beginning in 10 secondsRE 1 A000 cE Summarize Written Text - Item 1 Read the passage below and summarize it using one sentence. You have 10 minutes to finish the task. Your response will be judged on the quality of your writing and how well your response presents the key points in the passage. In January 1933, Adolf Hitler became Chancellor of Germany and quickly began to build up Ger- many’s armed forces in secret. In 1934, he increased the size of the German army and then worked on building up its navy as well as air force. Compulsory service was introduced. Britain and France were aware of these actions by Hitler; however, they felt that a strong Germany would be an effective ‘counter against the spread of communism in Westen Europe. In 1936, Hider ordered the German. army into the Rhineland which was controlled by France and lost by Germany during the First World War. Both France and Britain chose to ignore this as neither wished to or was prepared to start another war. Also in this year, Hitler made two important alliances with Italy and Japan. Emboldened by France and Britains reluctance, Hitler's next step was to reclaim territories which were lost as a result of World War I. In 1938, che German army moved into and occupied Austria and forced Austrian leadership to hold a vote among its people asking if they wished to join with Germany. However, this result was fixed. At one point, Austrian leaders approached Britain, France and Italy for aid. Hider responded by saying that he was seeking a unification of all German speaking, lands and would stop once all German speaking lands were joined, =| | =| ‘Total Word Count: 0 ‘Write your answer in the box below (5-75 words):PTE MOCK TEST -3 as ‘Summarize Written Text - Item 2 Read the passage below and summarize it using one sentence. You have 10 minutes to finish the task. Your response will be judged on the quality of your writing and how well your response presents the hey points in the passage. Ie has been recently announced that scientists have cloned human embryos for the first time. While this may seem co be a great breakthrough in science, this also constitutes a dite dilemma of ethics and morals. Cloning could be used in a wide variety of capacities such as genetic engineering of | embryos, creating human/animal hybrids, and creating a slave race of fetuses in artificial wombs to serve as organ donors. IF this cloned embryo is used for obtaining stems cells or used experimentally, i is referred to as therapeutic cloning, If the embryo were to be implanted into a woman's womb in order for it to gestare and be born, then this is referred to as reproductive cloning. These uses are important to note as they describe the use of a cloned embryo, not the act of cloning itself: There may be some scientific merit in human cloning, but depending on its use, it may end up being very dubious. This is particularly true should human cloning result in the creation of infants used for organ harvesting, or other questionable practices. i a Cat Copy Paste ‘Total Word Count: 0 || Nexe ‘Write your answer in the box below (5-75 words):PTE ADVANTAGE ‘Summarize Written Text — Item 3 Read the passage below and summarize it using one sentence. You have 10 minutes to finish the task. Your response will be judged on the quality of your writing and how well your response presents the key points in the passage. Journalists are expected co handle queries frankly but diplomatically. A straightforward macho approach may cause and has often caused problems. This boldness, rather brashness, is the reason that British media has often gone haywire. They remain a macho lot checking at any right or wrong, move of the political partis. ‘This behavior seems quaint but it certainly helps to keep off corruption. Aca time when the whole pond of fish is afflicted by the demon of corruption, British political system is a relatively healthy lot. Ministers’ conduct is deeply scrutinized and a true picture is put forth before the masses to make the right choices. Already three cabinet ministers in the recent past have been exposed and have lost their jobs due ro their own wrongdoing. “The ones protesting against free press argue that 24-hour rolling news channels pick up disjoinced, often false segments to produce scoops and cover stories. They need stuff to feed their news slots. ‘They go to any extent for this kind of coverage even misleading the general public. os | | Total Word Count: 0 ‘Write your answer in the box below (5-75 words):PTE MOCK TEST - 3 ae Write Essay - Item 1 You will have 20 minutes to plan, write and revise an essay about the topic below. Your response will be judged on how well you develop, a position, organize your ideas, present supporting details, and control the elements of standard written English. You should write 200-300 words. ‘With che advent of Internet age, increasing number of workers are doing their jobs from home and. ‘communicating with their office through Internet. Known as telecommuting, this trend is expected | to catch up with most office workers in the coming decades. How is the trend likely to impact soci- ty and the way we live and work? Support your point of view with reasons and/or examples from your own experience or observations. = | cs ‘Total Word Count: 0 ‘Write your answer in the box below (200-300 words):HEE 1 svantace (GBM parr - 2 READING Multiple-Choice, Choose Single Answer ~ Item 1 Information is power and the one that is well informed, flexible and quick to adapt wins. The market demands rapidly changing systems thac are represented by a set of diverse specialists, professionals and managers. Managers today, riced to have skills to comprehend the ever changing situation and cake decisions instantly Soft skills and people management skills are becoming increasingly important as there is a need for cohesive groups that can work together asa team, This new form of management may be termed Ad-hocracy; a workable kinetic organization of the future, Bureaucracy meant all authority and decision-making power was vested in the top management; the ‘subordi- nates’ were just supposed to do as ‘commanded’ by the top man. These power laden hierarchies were the norm around 2 decade or wo earlier but in all probability are headed towards their demise, Read the text and answer the multiple choice question by selecting the correct response. Only one response is correct. Which of the following management systems best survives in today’s market place? © A bureaucratic system with decision-making power at the top. (© Agquick to adapt power laden hierarchy © Acohesive, well-informed and flexible team (© An authoritative Ad-hocracyPTE MOCK TEST ~ 3, _ Multiple-Choice, Choose Single Answer — Item 2 When I first went to the U.S., in the 1970s, found American democracy reigned supreme and as the saying goes when God is in Heaven, everything seems alright with the world. The Vietnam War was at the fag end and President Nixon was trying very hard to end it. It seemed that America rides on a pendulum from good to bad and from bad to good. The pendulum has swung once again, but many believe that the values upheld by the country for so long would nor let ic remain where itis, for long. America is still a country that is the birthplace of democratic values and the people are patriotic to the core. The honest and hardworking people of the country would bring America’ lose glory back home. All that is needed is a good push towards the direction and that can come from the next President. Read the text and answer the multiple choice question by selecting the correct response. Only one response is correct. ‘Why is the big push needed from the next President? © Because God is no longer in Heaven © Because pendulum has swung as always ©. Because America is the birthplace of democratic values © Because everything does not seem alright with America |] NextWE 1 sovantace Multiple-Choice, Choose Single Answer - Item 3 ‘The urban youth is happy with marriage cer- emonies and rituals, but they are not ready to take on the responsibilities that come with is, They have found 2 solution to the same by introducing a concept known as the ‘trial marriage’. Iris observed that most marriages generally work well but lasting marriages can be a dream for many. A lot of them ‘try’ one, two or ‘even more partners to find the right one. Now- a-days, the young don't find happiness in marriage as they lack certitude and constancy. In ‘Shakespearean days, marriage was considered a sacred bond and a source of eternal bliss; but today, marriage like many other social bonds is linked with utility. Dissatisfaction with partners leads a person marrying many times over. With a vase number of tryouts on the marriage frontier, there will be a sea change in the social setup of the society. World would see a para- dig shift in values and customs. Most importantly, the parent-child relationship will also change drastically. These temporary marriages ‘would it seems bring in more problems for the sociery than it may solve. The older generation, it seems, has failed to pass on the values to the next generation. Read the text and answer the multiple choice question by selecting the correct response. Only one response is correct. ‘What values is the current generation missing our on? © Marriage being treated as eternal © Certitude and constancy in happiness © Parent-child relationship ©. Utility value of marriagePTE MOCK TEST - 3 _Multiple-Choice, Choose Multiple Answers - Item 1 ‘To examine the organs of digestion one needs to study the appetite and manner of taking food and drink. A healthy animal has good appetite. Loss of appetite does not point to a diseased condition but comes from a variety of causes, some of which might be physiologi- [Link], strange surroundings, fatigue and hot weather may all cause loss of appetite. Sometimes depression, fever, weakness, stomach disorders or difficulty in swallowing also causediminished appetite. Sometimes there is desire to eat abnormal things due to chronic disturbance of nutrition. I is variably linked 10 one’s psychological aspects also, In times of inward happiness one tends to binge more on food but in times of turmoil and tension one loses the desire to eat even if hunger persists. At times, thirst faces this imbalance as well. Espe- cially in times of crisis or shock your mouth goes dry. So, hunger loss can not only be connected with appetite loss due to disease, there are profound psychic disturbances also aterib- uting co its fall. Read the text and answer the multiple choice question by selecting all the correct responses. More than one response is correct. Which of the following are not physiological ‘causes for loss of appetite? ‘Manner of taking food and drink Hot weather ‘Mouth going dry Fatigue Internal curmoil a a a aoEO ere ADVANTAGE Multiple-Choice, Choose Multiple Answers - Item 2 Ic is hardly possible to take up any newspaper cor magazine now a days without coming across advertisements of health supplements whose chief recommendation is that they contain phosphorus and other minerals. They are generally very expensive but reader is assured that they are worth ten times the price asked, on account of their wonderful properties as nerve and brain foods. The proprietors are flourishing due to boosting sales and they spend thousands in advertising. In this era of increasing nervous exhaustion and brain fag there are innumer- able sufferers who do not mind wasting theit dollars to buy health. They are unaware of the side effects. On che contrary isnt it more enjoy- able to eat apples containing large percentage of, say, phosphorus? They are natural and the best nerve and brain food. Two apples at the beginning of each meal can work wonders. But our inclination to artificiality prevents us from using these natural wonders. Read the text and answer the multiple choice question by selecting all the correct responses. More than one response is correct. Which of the following are the reasons one should avoid taking the health supplements? ‘They are very expensive “They may have unknown side effects They do not have enough nutrients ‘They are a waste of money ‘They are heavily advertised oooo0 |] Next/sPTE MOCK TEST - 3 eT /\Re-order Paragraphs - Item 1 O| The text boxes below have been placed in a random order. Restore the original order by rear- _a| ranging the text boxes in the correct sequence. | {And secondly, and in a way even more important, a standard of equal opporcu- |_| nity forall, to ensure that no boy or girl is deprived of the chance of climbing to ©) | the top of the educational ladder through poverty or che accidents of bieth. ‘We can set two sorts of standards there. Fitst, a minimum standard below which 1no one is allowed to fall, in the shape of so many years of elementary education in such and such subjects «> e+ Ie is necessary to have a standard of education, ‘There are also standards of economic security.FEEM PTE ADVANTAGE Re-order Paragraphs ~ Item 2 ‘The text boxes below have been placed in a random order. Restore the original order by rearranging the text boxes in the correct sequence. “The mere and naked material of nature wwe eye with indifference, or trample on wich disdain, Te grates against che heart to think of the tone in which we unconsciously permit ourselves to address a rustic. “There is something humbling to human pride in a rustic life. a sad thought to feel chat we despise him; that all we respect in our species is what has been created by art; che gaudy dress, the glittering equipage, or even the caltivated intellect. a+PTE MOCK TEST -3 an ~ Re-order Paragraphs - Item 3 © | dhe text boxes below have been placed in a random order. Restore the original order by rearranging the text boxes in the correct sequence. a ‘Man, it appears, can understand nothing but by compari As we read history, we find that contest hhas always been there — be it between rival men, or between rival nations. He can understand strength only by com- ee a paring one man's strength with another's and speed only by comparing one horse's © | | speed with another’, © | [ Hence, his passionate interest in every Ee sort of game, o in any fine physical cequalicy, in which strong men are pitted x | againse each other. e oO || NextPTE ADVANTAGE Reading: Fill in the Blanks - Item 1 In the text below some words are missing. Select words from the box below to the appropriate place in the text. The ills of the modern home are symptomatic. Divorce, childless families, (children, and the decadence of the old type of separate home life are signs of forgotten ideals, (__—] motives, and insufficient purposes. Where the home is only an opportunity for self-indulgence, it easily iene ie a sleeping-shelf, an implement for social advantage. Happiness and efficiency of the family depends not so much on cae parameters as on home and family. irreverent eulearal boarding-house multiple artificial economic reseaurant lost || New “Write your answers in the blanks in the text or note your choice of words in the box below:PTE MOCK TEST - 3 Reading: Fill in the Blanks ~ Item 2 place in the text, or a tinkling eymbal In the text below some words are missing. Select words from the box below to the appropriate Ie is easy to secure buildings and classrooms for our schools. The expenditure of so many dol- Jars will bring us the equipmene we [1 Books and materials may be had almost for the (71. The great is to secure teachers — teachers of power and] who are able to leave their impression on young(——1 Without such teachers all the resis but as sounding brass bring devotion asking ‘minds demand require problem ‘Write your answers in the blanks in the text or note your choice of words in the box below: I] NextWEE = c0vanrace Reading: Fill in the Blanks - Item 3 In the text below some words are missing. Select words from the box below to the appropriate place in the text. ‘The average Japanese learns about the gods and draws [1] for his patriotism from Shinto, maxims for his ethical and (life from Confucius, and his hope of what he regards as [1 from Buddhism. These three religious systems, as at present constituted, are “book religions.” They rest upon ancient Japanese |_—_] and the modern commentators; upon the Chinese classics; and upon the shastras and sutras with which Gautama, the Buddha, had something to do. In primeval and prehistoric Japan neither these books nor the religions growing out of the books were extant. Titerature devotion political inspiration novels social salvation |] New ‘Write your answers in the blanks in the text or note your choice of words in the box below:9999990990059 599590905090909657955095 PTE Mock TEST-3 a in the Blanks - Item 4 Reading: Fi Inthe text below some words are missing. Select words from the box below to the appropriate ‘place in the text. ‘Whatever field you have chosen in life, che success will come to you only by way of dogged (1A pessimistic would say, “Ok, if they became successful, they were enough.” But I differ with it. Luck is when preparation meets opportunity. IF you want to be successful, you can become so only with persistence and determination. The only thing is that do not give up (efforts. Keep on pursuing whatever you are after against all ‘Write your answers in the blanks in the text or note your choice of words in the box below:PTE ADVANTAGE Reading: Fill in the Blanks ~ Item 5 In the text below some words are missing, Select words from the box below to the appropriate place in the text. ‘Accraft may easily be practiced without art, and still its purpose; the alliance of the two is a means of giving L__] as well as servi ity. People suppose that because a design is artistic, its technical rendering is any the less i is isa 1. Art does not consist only in original, unusual, or unfamiliar designs; the best art is chat which produces designs of grace and appropriateness, whether they are strikingly or not. mistake at make [Cries] [new serve useful |] Next Write your answers in the blanks in the text or note your choice of words in the box below:9799 000000900999990900599 955505 oe) PTE MOCK TEST-3 = Reading and Writing: Fill in the Blanks ~ Item 1 Below is a text with blanks. For each blank, there is a list of choices. Select the appropriate answer choice for each blank. (E, wit, judgment, and the other talents of the mind, however they may be named, of courage, resolution, perseverance, as qualitics of temperament, are undoubtedly good and {in many respects; but these gifts of nature may also become extremely bad and mischievous ifthe which is to make use of them, and which, therefore, constitutes what is called character, is not good. Itis the same with the gifts of fortune. Power, riches, honor, even health, and the general /and contentment with one’s condition which is called happiness, inspire pride, and ofien presumption, if there is not a good will to correct the influence of these on the mind, and with this also to rectify the whole principle of acting and adapr it to its end. The sight of a being that is not adored with a single feature of a pure and good will, enjoying unbroken prosperity, can never give pleasure to an impartial rational (ET thas a good will appears to constitute the| condition even of being worthy of happiness. (Immanuel Kant) Tick the words you think best fit the blanks in the box below:BED 1 sovantace Reading and Writing: Fill in the Blanks ~ Item 2 Below is a text with blanks. For each blank, there is a list of choices. Select the appropriate answer choice for each blank. ‘Darwin's theory of Natural Selection brought about (1 changes in philosophical thoughts as well; the anthropologists scrapped the old [19 and ideas and starced reinterpreting the historical facts in the light of new research. The history of 1 of life on earth reveals very interesting facts. The scientists believe that life in water, and it took billions of years for life to evolve from simple organisms to the ones we see today. In evolutionary historical process, many fascinating changes took place; out of which, the evolution of the origin of shells has been the most astounding, Most, but not all mollusks have shells; the purpose of the same is {1 from predators. Shells enchant us no end with their vast variety of forms, textures and combinations of colours. Shells were more or less used as (Py these animals, to back off from danger. Then, there were species like tortoises, which seem to benefit from nature's creative Force the most and in the process got themselves designer shells. Tick the words you think best fit the blanks in the box below: coocececococococococococooececoce4997953509039 095599395995935339950 5 PTE MOCK TEST -3 07 Reading and Writing: Fill in the Blanks ~ Item 3 Below is a text with blanks. For each blank, there is a list of choices. Select the appropriate answer choice for each blank, Ife look for life in the sun, for inscance, while accepting the prevalent [I of the sun as 2 center of intense [——T¥ action, we must abandon all our ideas of the physical organization of life formed upon what we know of it from experimental evidence. We cannot any form of life that has ever been presented to our senses as existing in the sun. Buc this is not gencr- ally crue of the planets. While discussing about the propagation of life on a more planetary level than solar, we may find reasons for believing that on some of the planets the conditions are such that creatures organized like ourselves could not survive, yet we cannot positively say that every form of living organism must necessarily be excluded from a world whose environment would be for us and our contemporarics in TM ife. ‘Tick the words you think best fit the blanks in the box below:MEE 1: ove race Reading and Writing: Fill in the Blanks ~ Item 4. Below is a text with blanks. For each blank, there isa list of choices. Select the appropriate answer choice for each blank, ‘The major problems related (0 environmental pollution and decrease in the amount of natural resources vary from local, regional and global levels. A lot of 1 has been caused to the environment due to pollution at various levels. Air pollution results from burning of coal and other fossil fuels. They must be removed from air to keep our air clean. Sewage from homes and waste from industries are major causes of pollution of water bodies which kill fishes and other animals living in che water LI) causing water pollution. Land pollution is another type of pollution in which solid waste products create problem when dumped in the LP. Other major environmental issues relate co increasing greenhouse effect is the earth and depletion of ozone in the atmosphere. The main reasons of greenhouse effect are increase inthe level of carbon dioxide and other harmful gases besides cutting of trees in the forests. The depletion of ozone in ‘the atmosphere LI various risks like skin cancer and other problems. ‘Tick the words you think best fit the blanks in the box below: eceoococeconcecoccoocuooococ’e7>3995359009090990909999999009039399003 PTE MOCK TEST = 3 a in the Blanks ~ Item 5 Reading and Writing: Below is a text with blanks. For each blank, there is a list of choices. Select the appropriate answer choice for each blank. ‘The anti-ad activists argue that through these ads the advertisers get too much power to influence the purchasing decision of the consumer. Their product can be of low quality but the LP] ads defraud the consumer by I the same as of very high quality. Another red flag that the activists wave is that these ads promote [___F' life style in consumers. They allure them into an extravagant life style. The third disadvantage of ads, according to the anti-ad lobby, is that they are capable of controlling the consumer behavior. They can change the mind of the consumers about a product. The influence sometimes is so profound that the consumer [I the quality of the product. Also, according to the aforementioned activists, more and more buying decisions are based on want rather than __T™1. ‘The pivotal issue is, do che ads control our decisions regarding purchase of a product/service? Probably there are a few who become wholly influenced by the!" rhetoric. But chose who have a judgmental thinking assess the product by weighing the pros and cons. They are not struck by the claims made in ads. a Se Tick the words you think best fit the blanks in the box below:WET 1 Aovanrace Morar -3 usteninc Summarize Spoken Text - Item 1 a ‘Track 306: Play the CD to listen to the related recording. You will hear a short lecture. Write a short summary in 50-70 words. You have 10 minutes to finish this task. Your response will be judged on the quality of your writing and on how well your ‘response presents the key points presented in the lecture. Status: Boginning in 12 seconds Seeger ct Volume Cut Copy Paste ‘Total Word Count: 0 White your answer in the box below:PTE MOCK TEST - 3 en Summarize Spoken Text - Item 2 ABD Track 307 You will hear a short lecture. Write a short summary in 50-70 words. You have 10 minutes to ‘finish this task. Your response will be judged on the quality of your writing and on how well your | ‘response presents the key points presented in the lecture, Play the CD to listen to the related recording. Status: Beginning in 12 seconds a a Volume * f= nica SEES vw q Cat Copy Paste "| Total Word Count: 0 |] Next Write your answer in the box below:MEET 1 aovatace Summarize Spoken Text - Item 3 QD Track 308: Play the CD to listen to the related recording. response presents the key points presented in the lecture. | Status: Beginning in 12 seconds Volume ae = on [a Total Word Count: 0 ‘Write your answer in the box below: You will hear a short lecture. Write a short summary in 50-70 words. You have 10 minutes to finish this task. Your response will be judged on the quality of your writing and on how well your coc-RTE MOCK TEST 3 aH /Multiple-Choice, Choose Multiple Answers ~ Item 1 oe ‘Track 309: Play the CD to listen to the related recording. C\ Listen to the recording and answer the multiple choice question by selecting all the correct responses. You will need to select more than one response. Status: Beginning in ? seconds LO 5-9 9 9-1 oooooe per the recording, whac do the primary producers pass on to the consumers? Oxygen Nitrogen Microbes Energy Minerals 5-64 », )ET 2ovantace Muttiple-Choice, Choose Multiple Answers ~ Item 2 3 ‘Track 310: Play the CD to listen to the related recording. responses. You will need to select more than one response. Status: Beginning in 7 saconds Volume * : polns “Thick — skinny Excended backbones ~ non-extended Hairy — bate ‘Waging type — non-wagging type Sticking-up — hanging down type Hoooo ‘Which of the following types of tails have been discussed in the recording? Listen to the recording and answer the multiple choice question by selecting all the correct. TCC CUeC ¢ rootPTE MOCK Test ~3 Fill in the Blanks ~ Item 1 a ‘Track 311: Play the CD to listen to the related recording. ‘You will bear a recording. Type the missing words in each blank. Statue: Beginning in 7 seconds Keats had never thought of being a poet as profession. In the autumn of 1810, he decided ro study [7 Tand subsequently received a license as an apothecary in 1816. He was never really interested in medicine however and this career nel) as he had a passion for arts and literature which he found more[—— 1. He eventually met Leigh Hunt, who was the publisher of @ newspaper. The]. Through this meeting, Hunt introduced Keats to the world of politics as well as English poets. In honor of this meeting, Keats wrote a 1 for Hunt. I] New ‘Write your answers in the blanks in the text or note your choice of words in the box below:MET © sovanrace Fill in the Blanks - Item 2 a ‘Track 312: Play the CD to listen to the related recording. You will hear a recording. Type the missing words in each blank. Statue: Boginning in 7 seconds one Volt van If this venture proves to be successful, we plan to introduce [1] diamond rings set in platinum. ‘OF course, these would be much more expensive, but then these too would be custom- made and would be exclusively Lor our regular customers. We are planning to bring in other products as well, Recent surveys, conducted by our Marketing Department reveal that customers prefer to have an entire jewelry set ~ including necklace and ear rings, along wich the ring. So we are planning co design complete diamond jewelry sets, in platinum. If these designs are well accepted by our exclusive customers, we could launch these designs in] gold for the rest of our customers t00. As of now we need to——Jon the present project ready for the launch, All the preparations for adequate advertisement have been made by our Public Relations Department. |] Nex ‘Weite your answers in the blanks in the text or note your choice of words in the box below:) PTE MOCK TEST ~3 Fill in the Blanks ~ Item 3 e ‘Track 313: Play the CD to listen to the related recording. You will hear a recording. Type the missing words in each blank. Statue: Baginning in 7 seconds | IF peychology isa science, i i 00 longer 2 ching of guesses or theaties, bu isa grouping of C=] faces aboux ticimlnd, Bsc proved lntthe poyefalogy laborcsiy-even archernlcal ctareL™ 1 "1us rheehenieal laborarory. Wherein peychology departs From fact which can be proved by actual experience or by] tests, it becomes metaphysics, and is beyond the realm of science; for metaphysics deals with the realities of the supermind, or che [1], and its relations to life, and death, and God, Physics, chemistry, biology have all in theie day been merely] They were bodies of theory which might prove crue or might not. When they worked, by actualy being tried out, they became bodies of accepted facts, and are today called sciences. In the same way the laws of the working of the mind have been tested, and a body of __ facts abou has taken its place with other sciences. |] Nex Write your answers in the blanks in the text or note your choice of words in the box below:WBE 1 sovanrace Highlight Correct Summary - Item 1 d ‘Track 314: Play the CD to listen to the related recording. You will hear a recording. Click on the paragraph that best relates to the recording. (© Arc is much more a matter of intuition than of analysis. ‘Though some analysis of the means of expression may have a role to play i is best left to the artist how much is too much. (© Intuition is a matter of art, not of training and analysis, Unlike talent, the genius of intuition is best expressed through God. ‘Status: Beginning in 10 seconds (© Anartist perfects his art through intuition. Incuition, and are through which it expresses itself, are not amenable to | Volume ¢ analysis. ferns mee te (© Too much training and analysis may kill che real intuition that is the mark of a genius. Let the artist express his ‘genius as a gift of God and not as something materialistic for which he has acquired knowledge andPTE MOCK TEST -3 Highlight Correct Summary - Item 2 ed ‘Track 315: Play the CD to listen to the related recording. You will hear a recording. Click on the paragraph that best relates to the recording. ° ‘The animal life of North America, abundane dill only a century ago, was systematically exterminated by the big game hunters and market gunners with the silent and criminal connivance of the farmers. ‘The abundant animal life of North America, which took more than a century to be fully explored, was cruelly and barbasically killed by market-minded hunters and foolish farmers Various species of big-game fauna wandered the plains, mountains, forests and deserts of North America, until they became the victims of gunners, greedy for market «gains, while the farmers foolishly allowed them to do so. North America had an abundant and luxurious flora and fauna, which was systematically destroyed by greedy gunners. Unfortunately, even the farmers failed co prevent them from such destruction. Statue: Beginning in 10 seconde poster epee Volime inns iis tre ah | NeeHE #1 Aovanrace Highlight Correct Summary - Item 3 @ ‘Track 316: Play the CD to listen to the related recording. You will hear a recording. Click on the paragraph that best relates to the recording. (© Communication is the gel that joins individuals living | at great distances and sharing different goals, into a well meaning community. Communities can always keep in couch through books and letters. © Neither the physical proximity, nor che uniformity of _ | Stetus: Beginning in 10 seconds goals curns individuals into a community, unless there is cogent communication and consensus among them for achievement of che shared goa. r ‘© Individuals become a community, not by living under the same roof, not by sharing the same goals, but by constant communication and keeping each other in the know what they are up to.PTE MOCK TEST -2 an Multiple-Choice, Choose Single Answer - Item 1 ed ‘Track 317: Play the CD to listen to the related recording. Listen to the recording and answer the multiple choice question by selecting the correct response, | Only one response is correct. | Status: Beginning in § seconde Saat Volume From the recording, which distinctive personal quality of Chopin stands apare from his music talents? © He never criticized his contemporaries or their work. © He was timid and afraid of calling a spade a spade, © He was quiet and reserved and generally kept things co himself and his friends: ‘© He let people know that popular pianists of his day had vitiated che public taste || NextPTE ADVANTAGE Multiple-Choice, Choose Single Answer - Item 2 ea ‘Track 318: Play the CD to listen to the related recording Listen to the recording and answer the multiple choice question by selecting the correct response. Only one response is correct. Status: Beginning in § seconds Volume eben ‘What is the main point of the rll? ° Science does not allow for the feeling of love and compassion and finds false justifications for the acts. “The sun, the moon, the lower animals are all meant to serve the requirements of the human being. ‘Man is a selfish creature by nature and lets his greed take the better of him. “The conceie of man has allowed him to believe that his is the supreme species, born to rule over all else. I] NePTE MOCK TEST ~ 3 Multiple-Choice, Choose Single Answer - Item 3 ed ‘Track 319: Play the CD to listen to the related recording, Listen to the recording and answer the multiple choice question by selecting the correct response. Only one response is correct. — Status: Beginning in 7 seconds Vol ‘What isthe central point ofthe talk? © Mexican economy has witnessed sharp down and upswings over the past some years. Despite its dismal past record, Mexican economy holds much promise for future. (9 Mexican economy has a reputation for rebounding from crisis situations and hence investors are quick to get back. (© Mexican economy has recently wienessed a sharp upturn in direct investments. ° NeeWEEE = 20vantace Select Missing Word - Item 1 2 ‘Track 320: Play the CD to listen to the related recording. You will hear a recording about men of experience. At the end of the recording, the last word or group of words has been replaced by a beep. Select the correct option to complete the recording. Status: Beginning in 7 seconds Volume tires “= — [esses eee © cure © why © rule © specifies ©. basic wisdom Select Missing Word ~ Item 2 ed ‘Track 321: Play the CD to listen to the related recording. You will hear a recording about scientific mind. At the end of the recording, the last word or group of words bas been replaced by a beep. Select the correct option to complete the recording. ] Status: Beginning in 7 second’ foolish the mountain rock slush oe00PTE MOCK TEST 3 as KT > Select Missing Word - Item 3 a ee ‘Track 322: Play the CD to listen to the related recording. 7 | You will bear a recording about unscientific age. At the end of the recording, the lst word or group of swords has been replaced bya beep. Select the correct option to complete she recording. ‘Status: Beginning in 7 seconds Saas Volu pene eee bottle lecture, claim warning c u 3 i |] New oo0e Highlight Incorrect Words - Item 1 ea ‘Track 323: Play the CD to listen to the related recording. ‘You will hear a recording, Below is a transcript of the recording. Some words in the transcription. © _| differ from what the speaker(s) said. Click on the words that are different. 0 Stats: Boginning in 10 seconds| Gt Vol ‘There is much debate whether or not pleasure is experienced by other animals. There are those who consider pleasure to bea tiuly human experience. Some of these thinkers have postulated that to pre- © | sctibeany human experience, including pleasure, to animals isa form of anthropomorphism. Others view animal behaviour as being responsible to different stimuli and to act accordingly. There are > _| still others who will argue that it is impossible to know whether animals truly experience emotion. However, a majority of scientists do accept that animals have the ability to exp¢rience emotions, but state that these are not the same as human emotions. 6 ‘ [| NeeWEEE #1 sovantace Highlight Incorrect Words - Item 2 QD Track 324: Play che CD to listen to the related recording. You will hear a recording. Below is a transcript of the recording. Some words in the transcription differ from what the speaker(s) said. Click on the words that are different. Sa status: Begining in 10seconds | Volume passe seataSARALaRSLSS Tt came as bole from the bluc, to learn that che world’s cattle population of 1,530 million plays a bigger role in effecting global warming than all of the world’s cars taken together. This is no trick; a United Nations report not only makes such a shocking claim but also backs it up with the required data. And just as they say, ‘Desperate times demand desperate measures, this alarming confusion has prompted the British government to take some time off from other significant issues, to debate the ‘momentous question pertaining to the implementation of a ‘Flatulence Tas’ on all cate and sheep. “This is their wéak attempt to curb the burgeoning number of cattle. It just seems that the British are hie from the New Zealanders, who had implemented a tax of NZ $10 per animal three years back, much to the consternation ofits large farming community. || NexPTE MOCK TEST ~3 Highlight Incorrect Words - Item 3 ea ‘Track 325: Play the CD to listen to the related recording. You will hear a recording. Below is a transcript of the recording. Some words in the transcription differ from what the speaker(s) said. Click on the words that are different. Status: Beginning in 10 seconds Vout poe ‘We have been taught that we are Homo sapiens, the sapient humans, We have also been told that swe are the thinking animals, the only ones; the obvious application being that other animals do not think, And itis through this ineerese chat we have come to rule the world. We also dare to believe that wwe are perhaps the finest product of revolution, anywhere in the universe. Such baptism has given rise to a bloated feeling of dependency among us, in terms of intellect. This intellect or cogn enables us to infer from the information and then come to a confusion. It is the emergence of this ability that makes us perceive other living beings inferiority. TT NeWEEE re aovantace Write From Dictation - Items 1 to 4 BD Track 326: Play the CD to listen to the related recording. Vou will hea sama ooutencen, Writs each erntince exactly as you itr te: Whee as muich of each sentence as you can. You will hear the sentence only once. Status: Beginning in 7 seconds Volume oko 2 a Cut Copy Paste Total Word Count: 0 [| Nex For additional practice and testing, visit www. [Link] or [Link]/Oo ie SPEAKING SECTION © Track 101: Repeat Sentence Directions: You will hear a sentence. Please repeat the sentence exactly as you hear it, You will hear the _~ sentence only once. 1, There are wo principal methods of treating disease ~ the combative and the preventive, © | 2 “The rene of land, as a part of the national revenue, has always been given high importance. 3. The universe which presents itself ro our reason is the same as presented itself to our ancestors. 4. IT has induced conditions which can no longer be controlled by the old capitalistic methods. | 5: Religion is either considered the paramount issue, or the most serious obstacle to progress. 6. What is nationalism is curiously the question that has been endlessly debated, © | 7. We measure time by days, weeks, months, and years, not so much by epochs and eras. 8, Never lose sight of the fact that the art of song is based upon the science of voice. © | 9% Certain long-period comets take more than 200 years to return. 10. Afer finishing their studies for the current semester, they planned a vacation, © Track 102: Re-tell Lecture ~ Item 1 © Directions: You will hear a lecture. After listening to the leccure, in 10 seconds, please retell what you have juse heard from the lecture, in your own words. You will have 40 seconds to give your response. 1. As you know, there are hundreds of historical monuments throughout the world which are symbolic of great architecture and speak volumes about the designers and artisans who worked on them, However, none can compare with the grandeur, the complexity and majesty of the Sydney Opera House. A ‘We'll stare here atthe beginning, with Sydney Harbor behind us. The Sydney Opera House, located here in Sydney, New South Wales, lies at the end of Bennelong near the Sydney Harbor a Bridge. The history of this architectural icon is very controversial to say the least. Its construction commenced after a long perusal of designs put forward by Danish Architect Jon Utzon who was the Pritzber prize winner for architectural design. Initially, his design was delayed because of skepticism based on cost, time and the materials which were to be used Eventually, the go ahead was given for his design to be implemented.EEO: t0vanrace Its construction was begun on March 2, 1957. It took fourteen years to complece and was inaugurated on 20h October 1973 by Queen Elizabeth Il. Shortly afterwards, the Sydney Opera House became the centre of attraction for the entire public ‘Approximately AUS 102 million was spent to build the opera house. It contains 1000 rooms. Its length is 185 meters and widch 120 meters. The platform is made of red granite which supports the soaring white roof comprising of shell-shaped sails which are standing atop it and are reminiscent of tall sailing ships sailing in the harbor. Track 103: Re-tell Lecture ~ Item 2 2. I'm sure you know thac the quarantine service regulates all che food brought into Australia This is because tis important to protect you and everyone else here in Australia from diseases that might come with imported goods. Also, and this is where I come in; we want to prevent pests, particularly insects from being introduced into the country. My current rescarch involves trying to find a particular type of bee. The Asian Honey Bee, to be exact, and I'm currently trying to find out if there are any to be found in any part of Australia. We have discovered small population in Queensland which was eradicated. Now, wete very keen to make sure that there aren't any more getting in. ‘Now, you're probably wondering what is wrong with the Asian Honey Bee and how icis different from Australian bees. Actually, there is not much difference between the two as they look ‘very similar. However, the Asian bees are infested with mites — microscopic creatures which live con them and these mites can seriously damage our own home-grown bees, potentially wiping them out. If this were to happen, the quality of the honey which Australia produces will suffer. The ‘Australian bees produce a honey of excellent quality and this is much better than what the ‘Asian bees produce. In fact, Australia exports native queen bees co a number of countries because of this. When the European Honey Bee was first discovered out in the bush, we found they made a really unpleasant honey and chey were also too large to pollinate many of our native flowers here. Track 104: Re-tell Lecture - item 3 3. According to Johan Richard, the lead author of a new study, a distant galaxy has been discovered thac began forming stars just 200 million years after the Big Bang. This challenges existing theories of how soon galaxies started forming and evolved in the initial years of the Universe. Te could even resolve the mystery of how the hydrogen fog chat occupied the carly universe was cleared. Richard's team found the galaxy in recent observations from the Hubble Space ‘Telescope and confirmed it with observations from the NASA Spitzer Space Telescope. They measured its distance using the W. M. Keck Observatory in Hawai‘TRANSCRIPTS FOR THE MOCK TESTS “The galaxy is seeable through a flock of galaxies called Abell 383. Its powerful gravity changes the position of light rays almost like a magnifying glass. The chance alignment of the galaxy, the cluster and the Earth amplifies the light coming to us from this distant galaxy and enables astronomers to make detailed observations. Without this gravitational lens, ic would not have been possible to observe this galaxy even with today’s largest telescopes. After spotting the galaxy in Hubble and Spitzer images, the team carried out spectroscopic observations with the Keck II telescope in Hawai By closely examining the spectrum, the team could make detailed measurements of its red- shife and infer information about the properties of its component stars. The redshift indicates that the galaxy, as we view it today, is as it was when the universe was less chan a billion years ‘old. We have, indeed detected galaxies that are much older. Yet, the distinctive features of the newly discovered galaxy place it a a different pedestal altogether from the others detected with stars that are rather young. words Track 105: Directions: You will hear a question. Please give a simple and short answer. Often just one or a few nswer Short Question ~ Items 1 to 10 is enough. ‘Which term/name is used to describe the part of biology that deals exclusively with plane life? ‘What is the result of a match if neither of the team wins? “What is che name given to temporary release from jail on certain conditions? What is the place for burial of dead bodies? How do you describe a book of accounts showing debits and credits? Which type of organism lives off or grows on another organism? What term is used to describe a type of market mechanism where there is only one seller? What is the term used for an assembly of listeners? ‘Which instrument do you need to view a very small organism or image clearly? Which class of animals gives live births and suckle to the young ones? ee LISTENING SECTION Track 106: Summarize Spoken Texc — Item 1 Directions: You will hear a shore lecture. Write a short summary in 50-70 words. You have 10 minutes to finish this task. Your response will be judged on the quality of your writing and on how well your response presents the key points presented in the lecture.PTE ADVANTAGE 1. ‘The Ivy League is an athletic conference comprising eight private institutions of higher education located in the Northeastern United States. ‘Ihe term is most commonly used to refer co those eight schools considered as a group. The term also has connotations of academic excellence, selectivity in admissions and a reputation for social elitism. All of the Ivy League's institutions place near che top in the University rankings and rank within the top one percent of the world’s academic institutions in terms of financial endow- ‘ment. Seven of the eight schools were founded during Americas colonial period; che exception is Cornell, which was founded in 1865. Ivy League institutions, therefore, account for seven of the nine Colonial Colleges charcered before the American Revolution. The Ivies also are all located in the Northeast region of the United States and are privately owned and controlled. Although many of them receive funding from the federal or state governments t0 pursue research, only Cornell has state supported academic units termed “statutory” or “contract” colleges thar are an integral part of the institution. The Ivy League schools boast of enrolments that are much larger than typical schools/colleges and have access to funding that could be the envy of the largest academic institutions across the world. Track 107: Summarize Spoken Text ~ Item 2 2. As you all know, autism isa childhood disorder and creates lots of problems for the parents of children suffering from it. The severity of symptoms varies from individual to individual. However, the core symptoms of autism remain the same. The most blatant symptom of autism is the effect chat it has on social interaction and relationships. The person faces noticeable problems in developing communication skills which may necessarily include eye to eye gazing, facial expressions and body posture. Almost all autistic children fail to form friendship with people of their age. Autistic children lack empathy, thac is, they may have problem in understanding other’ feelings and emotions, pain and suffering. Mostly, they display a lack of interest in enjoying things thae other children cake interest in. It can also commonly be seen that an autistic child cannoc perceive the tone of another person in a correct manner. For instance, he may not be able to understand humor. Autistic children show a significant delay in learning to talk. Autistic chil dren have problem in continuing a conversation once it has started. Also, children with aucism focus on pieces rather than the whole. ‘This means that they would focus on the wheel of a toy ca rather than play with the toy car as a whole. They also display a need for sameness, i.e. they are not mentally sound and are unable to communicate the pattern of their mind to others. This means that they face diffculey in letting go of the feelings thac they show to others. They may also show a preoccupation with certain topics.TRANSCRIPTS FOR THE MOCK TESTS Track 108: Summarize Spoken Text ~ Item 3 3. ‘The cerm ‘Early Stone Age or Paleolithic Age’ was coined by archeologists to distinguish other ages from Stone Age. Paleolithic Age accounts for 2.5 million years of human evolution before today. During that time, humans were grouped in small societies such as bands, gathered plants and hunted wild animals. They used knapped stone tools along with bow and wood tools. The food sources of hunter gatherer humans of the Stone Age included both animal and plants ‘They ate animal organs like livers, kidneys and brain. Dairy products or carbohydrate rich plant foods like legume or cereal grains were not consumed much. They ate plant roots and leaves. Near the end of the glaciations 15000 ro 9000 years ago, mega fauna or large animal species in Asia, Europe, North America and Australia faced extinction possibly due to climate change. “The middle Stone Age or Mesolithic Age lasted from che last ice age 10,000 years ago to {6000 years ago. The sea levels rose and finally new food sources became important. The devel- ‘opment of Mesolithic tools began in response to these changes. They allowed easy hunting and fishing. The domestication of dog as a hunting companion dates to this time. ‘The Neolithic or new Stone Age is characterized by adoption of agriculture and develop- iment of pottery. The first Neolithic culture spread to Mediterranean, the Indus Valley, China and South East Asia. Ground stone and polished stone artifacts became widespread due ro crop harvesting. Track 109: Multiple-Choice, Choose Multiple Answers - item 1 by selecting all ehe correct Directions: Listen to the recording and answer the multiple choice ques responses. You will need to select more than one response. 1. Now, let’ talk about the symptoms of oral cancer. First off, regular check up with your dentist is a good time to check for signs of cancer. The exam should include a close inspection of the roof of the mouth, the back of the throat and the insides of the cheeks for either white or red patches. Other problems which can indicate an oral cancer would be bleeding from che mouth. and loose teeth. Tfany white patches or red and white patches are found in the mouth, these are tell-tale signs of possible oral cancer. If/shouldthese patches would be observed, the dentist will most likely order a biopsy to determine whether or not they are malignant. The dentist must also rule out other causes for these patches as these are also associated with infections. If you notice any white or red and white patch or patches in your mouth, it is recommended that you visit your dentist or doctor immediately.PTE ADVANTAGE Track 110: Multiple-Choice, Choose Multiple Answers ~ Item 2 2, ‘Team building exercises consist of a variety of tasks which are designed co develop group members and their ability to work together effectively. There are many types of team building activities that range from games for kids to games and challenges that involve new and complex tasks that are designed to improve group performance by addressing specific needs. These exercises can range from simple social activities, such as encouraging team members to spend time together, to activities for team development which help team members discover how they approach problems, how the team can work together and to discover better methods of communication. ‘Team interaction involves interpersonal skills whict include communication, negotiation, leadership and motivation. This is in contrast to technical skills which are diteccly involved wwith a particular job. Depending on the type of team building the new tasks can encourage or specifically teach interpersonal skills to increase team performance. Whether these exercises occur indoor or outdoor, the purpose is to assist a team in becoming a cohesive unit consisting of individuals who can effectively work together. Some corporate team building companies organize events around popular culture such as TV game shows in order to add an element of fun co the exercise, Track 111: Fill in the Blanks — Item 1 Directions: You will hear a recording. Type the missing words in each blank. 1, In the eternal cycle of natural reproduction, many mysteries remained unanswered but today the scientists have explored the mystery to such an excent that cloning is being used to solve the food problem. Not only that, even American Food Department is considering allowing cloning of animals to provide fresh meat to the American people. The cloning companies are mushrooming in US and itis now commonplace to find cloned animals in che meat market. A dead animal is also used in the laboratory to produce clones. ‘Track 112: Fill in the Blanks - Item 2 2. Coal has been much in use well before the other forms of hydrocarbons, like petroleum, were discovered. Ic may have lost use in home and hearch because of its alleged polluting effec, but it still reigns supreme in some industrial uses. Coal is a major commodity that serves many, ‘many purposes. Its chief use now is to power our electrical generarors so thar we can have elec~ tricity. Earlier it was used to power steamships and railroads, and for many other purposes, but now the number one use is for power generation. Coal isa fossil fuel that has played a big role in many fields and has truly been the harbinger of industrial revolution. Ie was exploited to such an extent that at one point it was becoming, increasingly rare and difficult to find. In the modern world, however, coal is an abundant and the largest source of electricity. Ie is still responsible for fulfilling a majority of the electricity demands across the world.TRANSCRIPTS FOR THE MOCK TESTS. Track 113: Fill in the Blanks - Item 3 |) 3: To harvest rainwater for effective and efficient use, it has co be cultured through a proper system of collection and storage. Following are the components which would make up such a a system: catchment, transportation, frst lush and filter. “The catchment area comprises of the surface that directly receives the rainfall. This can be an open ground, courtyard or cerrace. The water received is then transported from the catch- ‘ment area though water pipes or drains to the storage area. In the pipes, the rainwater is passed through the first flush, as the water may contain contaminants from the atmosphere and the A catchment roof. Subsequently, itis filtered to remove color, turbidity and bioforms which may be found. Filters can consist of a charcoal filter, sand/gravel filter, PVC pipe filter or a sponge A filter or a combination of these. From here, the water is either sent to storage tank or directly to recharge the water table. ‘A rooftop rainwater harvesting system includes storage in a tank equipped with an excess water overflow system in which excess water is diverted to a recharge system which helps in conserving groundwater. Track 114: Highlight Correct Summary - Item 1 Directions: You will hear a recording. Click on the paragraph that best relates to the recording, 1. A person's good health is the result of the cooperation among all the different substances interacting with each other in our bodies. For chemical reactions to take place smoothly in the body, itis imporeant that all chese substances work together. One of the most important substances that the body uses and needs are called vitamins. In 1912, Dr. Casinir Funk invented a the term vitamin. At che time, he was studying a substance in the hull chat covers tice. Ie was believed this substance could cure the disease beriberi 0 So far, scientists have discovered fourceen different kinds of vitamins. The major vitamins are - vitamin A, the B group, C, D, E and vitamin K. All these vicamins are very important in carrying out the chemical changes which happen within the cells of our bodies and are essential for the body to maintain itself. James Lind of Scotland was the first person to be involved in this sort of research. While he was in the navy, he was investigating a disease known as scurvy. As 0 part of his research, Dr. Lind found that sailors who ate oranges and/or lemons improved over time as compared to men who did not. Doctor Lind was correct in assuming that eating citrus e fruit cured scurvy. This is because the disease scurvy is caused by a lack of vitamin C. When you do not receive any vitamin C of very little, over time you will develop this disease. Because citrus fruits contain vitamin C, they are eventually curative. So, scurvy is really a deficiency r disease. This means that any deficiency, particularly deficiency of a vitamin, will likely cause some sort of diseaseMEE Fe a0 vanrace Track 115: Highlight Correct Summary - Item 2 2. Okay, lets tall abour the most important meal of the day. This of course is breakfast. In the morning everyone is in a hurry and even though they may feel somewhat relaxed after a nights sleep, they think that they can manage well without any food in the morning. ‘This is a big mistake because they have to work the whole day and need an adequate amount of energy for this purpose, Furthermore, when they feel hungry, they will often eat unhealthy snacks and in this way, they will eventually gain weight. ‘This is exactly the opposite of what they may think, Another important factor is the required gap between two meals. Some people tend to take longer breaks in between meals and as a result, they will gorge on a large quantity of food, which again is noca very healthy practice. Furthermore, is the fact that some people treat food as a stress buster. For these people, eating is a hobby. This is particularly for those who are considered emotional eaters. When they are stressed or worried about something, they will indulge in the pleasure of eating without considering the harmful effects of this on their bodies. Another problem is combining food with leisurely activities such as watching television or reading a book. You completely forget about the calories while doing this. Finally, the one thing that is an absolute no is indulging in a high calorie meal or snack just before going to bed. This is a very common habit among teenagers. Track 116: Multiple-Choice, Choose Single Answer ~ Item 1 Directions: Listen to the recording and answer the multiple choice question by selecting the correct, response. Only one response is correct. 1, “There is a perception that some people are naturally more fortunate than others. Do you believe that you are significantly more or less lucky than these other people? ‘These are the questions thac have fascinated many people for centuries, and certainly, a great number of superstitions, lucky charms and talismans have dominated history in civilizations across the world. This would indicate chat humans have an almost innate belie in the power of luck. The superstitions we hold on to today have long histories. For instance, number 13 is believed to be a vety unlucky number because that was the number of people at the table of Jesus of Naza- reth’ lest supper. Touching wood originaced from pagan ritualistic patterns of invoking the powers of tree gods. Many people do not move under ladders. ‘This superstition does not come from the notion that a bucleet of paint may drop on your head as you pass underneath. Rather, the shape of the ladder lying against the wall makes the shape of a triable, which was thought to symbolize the holy Trinity and passing through it would break these powerful bonds and bring ill foreune.TRANSCRIPTS FOR THE MOCK TESTS a Track 117: Multiple-Choice, Choose Single Answer - Item 1 | 2+ The treatment of sleep disorders are typically grouped into four categories depending on the cause of the disorder, but these can be combined to provide a more holistic approach. The first a is behavioral and psychotherapy. The second group is rehabilitation and management. The third is medication and finally the final category involves other somatic treatment. The last o category could include medical intervention such as the use of appliances which can be used to i keep the airway open, corrective surgery or CPAP therapy. Management of sleep disturbances which are secondary to a mental or medical disorder is best focused on treating the underlying a conditions first and providing adjunct therapy that is appropriate For treating the sleep disturbances as needed 0 Medications and somatic treatments most often provide rapid relief for some disturbances, either by helping to induce sleep or providing relaxation for the sufferer. Certain disorders are © | dese treated with medication. Other disorders are more appropriately approached through ~ |___ behavioral interventions. Track 118: Select Missing Word ~ Item 1 © Directions: You will hear a recording about promotion and relegation in sports. At the end of the recording, the last word or group of words has been replaced by a beep. Select the correct option to © complete the recording, Oo 1. In the world of sports, promotion and relegation refers to a process in which teams are trans- ae ferred berween two divisions based on their performance for a completed season. In this case, the best ranked teams in a lower division are promoted to the division directly above, whereas a the worst ranked teams are demoted to the division below. For some sport leagues, play offs or qualifying rounds are used to determine the © Track 119: Select Missing Word - Item 2 > Directions: You will hear a recording about out of the box thinking. At che end of the recording, the last word or group of words has been replaced by a beep. Select the correct option to complete the O recording. Oo 2. The phrase “thinking outside the box” or its variants is a metaphor that suggests one to think differently, unconventionally or from a new perspective. The phase often refers to cteative thinking, This phrase has ended up becoming both a catchphrase and a cliché. t has become widely used in business environments, particularly among management consultants and execu- tive consultants. It has also been used and referenced in a number of advertising slogans. = The idea of thinking outside the box is to look farther and to «ry thinking beyond what isMEE #1 sven race ‘Track 120: Highlight Incorrect Words - Item 1 Directions: You will hear a recording, Below is a transcript of the recording, Some words in the transcription differ from what the speaker(s) said. Click on the words thae are different. 1. Human overpopulation refers to the point in which a group exceeds the carrying capacity of the region occupied by that group. This also refers to the relationship between the entire human population and its environment, chiefly the Earth, or to smaller geographical arcas such as countries, states and provinces. Overpopulation can be the result of several reasons or combination of reasons, These reasons include an increase in births, decline in mortality rates, increase in immigration, ot a depletion of resources. It is entirely possible for sparsely popu- lated areas to become overpopulated should the area have poor capabilities to sustain life, such as desert or sub-polar regions, Track 121: Highlight Incorrect Words - item 2 2. Demographic transition considers both birch rate and death rate and refers to the transition from high birth and death rates to low birth and death rates which a country develops when it ‘moves from a pre-industrial to an industrial system of economy. This is demonstrated through a demographic transition model or DTM. The theory behind this is based on an interpretation of demographic histary developed in 1929 by demographer Warten Thompson. It was “Thompson who observed transitions in both the birth and death rates in industrialized societies over a course of 200 years. Accordingly, most developed countries are in stage 3 or 4 of the model. Most developing countries have reached stage 2 ot 3. The exceptions are chiefly in poor sub-Saharan Africa as well as some Middle Eastern countries. These poorer countries are typically affected because of government policy as well a civil strife. Track 122: Highlight Incorrect Words - Item 3 3. Commercial gain of a product from the expense of research and development, and the financial return during its life, is known as technology life-cycle. Some technologies have a long life span, whereas others have relatively shor life spans. Steel and paper are two technologies which have relatively long life spans. Electronics and pharmaceuticals, on the other hand, experience frequent changes and chis makes their general lifespan quite short. “The main concern here is time and cost expended in developing the technology, and, of course, with the timelines for recovering all these costs so as to ensure that the investments are ‘well worth and yield profits as natural course. The patents and trademarks follow co lengthen the technology’ life-cycle and maximize the profit yield.> +953 3 TRANSCRIPTS FOR THE MOCK TESTS fase ‘Track 123: Write from Dictation — Items 1-4 Directions: You will heat a sentence. Write the sentence exactly as you hear it. Write as much of the sentence as you can. You will hear the sentence only once. 1, You don't think up of exceptional products or services by doing a lot of marker research. 2. Business world is a markerplace where things are exchanged, bartered, sold. 3. We should learn to accept, anticipate, and even applaud failure. 4. Ifyou done worry about the bottom line, you won't stay in business very long, [BBB speaking Section Track 201: Repeat Sentence - Items 1 to 10 Directions: You will hear a sentence. Please repeat the sentence exactly as you hear it. You will hear the sentence only once. 1. Herbivores generally meet their daily requirement of vitamin D from 2. Genesis is honest to the core, and professes to be no more than it is. 3. ‘The Iraq War was not meant to avenge 9/11, or to uphold human rights. 4, The most commonly used words are the ones evolving the most slowly. 5. The naive client was simply bemused by the complaisance of the wily advocate. 6. Something needs to be done post haste before the ror sets in and pandemonium reigns supreme. 7. Improperly cooked pork consumption may result in a severe infection of the liver. 8. In the next 50 years, we could very well come up with a “human pathology genome”. 9. Icis extremely doubcful that an independent state would be either politically or economically viable. 10, Wewish o have a republic socially just, founded on equal rights and equal duties fora its citizens. Track 202: Re-tell Lecture - Item 1 Directions: You will hear a lecture. After listening to the lecture, in 10 seconds, please re-tell what you hhave just heard from the lecture, in your own words. You will have 40 scconds to give your response. 1. I should like to stare by briefly describing the seructure ofan elephant society. Elephants livin piled societies. The main family unie consists of small groups of adule females who are related ro each other and their young of both sexes. Now, ch females remain in their families for life and are highly social, but male elephants leave ther families at about fourteen years of age. They travel alone or congregate in small, loose groups of other males. Occasionally they will join a family on a temporary basis. When males are ready to mate they will wander widely in search of receptive females.PTE ADVANTAGE “The elephant family may have members from three generations, the adults being females only, These families, in turn, network with a few other families, which are in fact distant kin. “These are called bond groups. Even the bond groups could form part of still larger groups called clans. Like other social animals, elephants have to be able co communicate. What has confounded early naturalists was their ability 1o communicate over long distances, In one experiment, scientists embedded groups of elephants with radio tracking collars. What they observed about theie behavior fascinated them. They found that there was some sort of coor- dination becween families. For example, two separate family groups might move in parallel to cach other, miles apart and then veer in different directions simultaneously, often moving towards each other. Elephants do have a very strong sense of smell, but smell alone couldnt account for these types of movements. So scientists conclude that the elephants were using their hearing instead. This leads to attention being placed on the nature of elephant calls ‘Track 203: Re-tell Lecture - Item 2 2, Weall know thae pain is a symptom of many disorders such as tumors, infection, broken bone, or even a post-op condition, but in as far as one in ten cases, the pain will persist for months and often for years and when that happens, it becomes a disease. This was the experience with fone of my patients who was a ballet dancer. During one of her rehearsals, she fll on her arm and sprained her wrist. Now, normally, weld bandage it and have her cake ibuprofen for the pain, However, chere was something else going on with her. This is what her arm looked like when she came two weeks after the accident. Ie was all red in color, discolored, cold to the touch, the muscles were frozen. Basically her arm was in a diatonic state. ‘The pain spread from her wrist down to her fingertips. It also spread up her arm as well, going all the way up to the shoulder. The worst fact was that there was random pain 24 hours a day. She had what is known as allodynia, Even a simple touch of the hand brought her excruciating and burning pain. We normally treat these patients in a rather crude fashion at the moment, one that doesn't seem to be very effective. One approach isto use symptom modifying drugs such as analgesic, that are really noc effective in this case. We can also use anesthesia co numb the nerves that are causing pain, Other methods would be co effectively apply the techniques of physical and occupational therapy to retain the nerves so that they can respond normally to activities and sensory experiences of everyday life. Another method includes intensive psychotherapy designed to address the stressful state that accompanies chronic pain. ‘We are hopeful that the future will bring new methods of treatment which will not mask the problem, like symptom-modifying drugs. Track 204: Re-tell Lecture - Item 3 3. Today we are going to talk about some interesting plants that are only found in dense rain forests. Now, many think thac these types of forests are found in subtropical areas, but really these are only found in the tropics. The plants we will be discussing only exist in the tropics‘TRANSCRIPTS FOR THE MOCK TESTS. 241 and specifically in the rain forests because they provide the ideal habitats for these plants. These plants need a soil that is enriched with nutrients as well as a warm and humid climate. Only in the tropical rain forests can these conditions be found. Because of these conditions, there is a diverse variety of flora and some of these exhibit uniquely different characteristics from other plants. Let's begin by discussing about Lianas. Lianas are thick woody vines that drape rainforest trees, They begin life on the forest floor, but make their way up to the canopy as they climb upwards and wind themselves around the trunks of trees secking the sunlight. Upon reaching the top of the canopy, they ofien spread to other trees and / or wrap themselves around other lianas. Now, the reason why they spread out like this is to ensure maximum exposure to sunlight Furthermore, they benefit the trees they wrap themselves around. Many of these trees are shal- low rooted and the fact chat lianas wrap themselves around these trees provides support against strong winds for these trees. Track 205: Answer Short Question - Items 1 to 10 Directions: You will hear a question. Please give a simple and short answer. Often just one or a few words is enough. ‘Which class of animals can five on land as well asin water? Which professional deals with study of Earch’s rocks and soils etc.2 ‘Whar name is used to describe a book published after the death of its author? ‘What one word describes the all-powerful (God)? ‘What decides a political question by the direct vote of the whole electorate? ‘What does RIP stand for in connection with tribute to a dead soul? ‘What does AC refer to in connection with supply of electricity? ‘What does AM stand for in connection with time of the day? ‘What is the name given to a thing which is no longer required for use? Which word sounds similar to the word autonomy but means body structure of. living being? (_ustenine section Track 206: Summarize Spoken Text - Item 1 Directions: You will hear a short lecture. Write a short summary in 50-70 words. You have 10 minutes 1 finish this task. Your response will be judged on the quality of your writing and on how well your response presents the key points presented in the lectureEIEN PTE ADVANTAGE 1. Blacke hole is a region of space in which the gravitational field is so powerful that nothing can escape after falling into ie, Even electromagnetic radiation ~ light for example - cannot escape the pull. A black hole can be detected when ic interacts with macter outside the event horizon, the boundary of black hole. Einsteins Theory of General Relativity postulated that large amount of mass is present within smal space and all parts through space are pulled inward toward the centre of the mass, forcing all matter and radiation to fall inward. Proponents of quantum mechanics, however, believe that a blackhole does not hold the matter forever but slowly leaks i in the form of thermal energy. Black holes of differene sizes are classified as super massive, intermediate mass, stellar mass or micro black holes. NASA GLAST satellite had to search for micro black holes as one ofits tasks. Black holes are also classified on the basis of their angular momentum and electric charge. Black holes rotate because the stars they are formed from rotate. They mostly spin very rapidly because they reain the angular momentum of the star they were formed from. But there area few non-rotating black holes also. The effects ofa charged rotating black hole are more complicated but the final result is not different from a non-rorating one. In both cases the falling object is absorbed. Track 207: Summarize Spoken Text - Item 2 2. One’s social life reflects what one essentially is ~ one's interests, compassion, love, vitality Essentially this is one’s attitude to life, This is what enables a person to discover and redis- covet friendships, associations, engagements and the like. Such attitudes and inclinations are so innately personal yet are true across all strata of society. Today these very ‘springs of life’ are the most endangered in fast paced and segmented existence. And there are class divisions that prevent this vent to social life across all social strata. There is not much of fellow feeling today ‘within and berween social strata. The interests have shrunk; the compassion has dried up; the love is so narrowly defined: and the vitalicy is all but lost. In the poor and the lower middle classes, there is hardly any social life. The grinding routine of making a living has dried up any time or will to socialize. It is bed to work and back to bed routine. ‘The social life at che other end of the spectrum is cut off in a routine of different type; quite remote from the reach of people at the other end. And chis remoteness generates some sort of hostility from the ‘other end’. The yawning gap, both economic and communicative, between the two classes, generates ~ class hatred. Social life of the poor and the lower middle classes then has an essential ingredient ~ che collective enjoyment and the social bonding in | forming a pack, expressing their collective animosity cowards the ‘other class, and, occasionally giving vent to their feclings in collective acts of violence.TRANSCRIPTS FOR THE MOCK TESTS __ Track 208: Summarize Spoken Text ~ Item 3 3. While the Republicans thought the vievory of Republican philosophy will carry them past the post in the November elections, came the attack from within their own ranks. Steve Forbes, with his freelunch, tax-cutting propaganda, declared the centerpiece of the Republican revolution, the balanced budget, unwarranted and undesirable. And even before the fire of Forbes A ‘outburst could be pur out, came Pat Buchanan's tirade targeting the party's central ideology on. class warfare ~ the weapon the Democrats had always used against the Republicans. c Buchanan held che conservative icon, capitalism, not the welfare state as Americas enemy. “The real culprits, for him, were ruthless captains of industry, financiers and the political class. a “These were the three vested interests that collaborated to let other parasitic elements like immi- ‘grants, materially affect the life of the ordinary American, ‘The obvious refrain is that the big guy, not Big Government, is killing the little American, a ‘What is wrong if an overreaching government seeks to shield the ordinary citizen from deeply destructive dependency on the big guy? The wrong will in fact be when an uncaring govern- 0 ment fails to protect victims ~ the people ~ of the big guy. Let the government have all the apparatus to protect; lec the government build cariffbarricrs and raise protective fences, to keep 0 the sucking products and the sucking persons out; let the government make polices to take _ affirmative action against the exploitative practices of hire and fire; let the arrogance of the big guy be checked by a most zealous enforcer. 5 Buchanism tured Reaganism on its head. Track 209: Multiple-Choice, Choose Multiple Answers — Item 1 © Directions: Listen to the recording and answer the multiple choice question by selecting all the correct ~_ fesponses. You will need to select more than one response. _~ | 1. Alcohol, especially if you are a regular drinker, can put you at risk. It is far more harmful in terms of cancer to females than to males. Alcohol makes you prone to mouth cancer, phar- 0 yngeal and laryngeal cancer. It can contribute to esophageal, colorectal and breast cancer. The regular recommended intake for alcohol is far less for women than for men. You can use meas- oO ures to count how many units of alcohol are present in any given alcoholic drink. os Smoking is another reason for the occurrence of cancer and is a major risk factor for ing cancer. Around 90% of lung cancers develop from smoking and resulc in 30% of all deaths of ie cancer patients. If you can quit smoking, you will greatly reduce your risk for developing this «ype of cancer. a “The sun is, belicve i or not, another source for cancer. Overexposure to the sun's rays can cause melanoma, which isa form of skin cancer. Its important that you protect yourself from 0 overexposure to the sun. Use a sun block if you need to be out in the sun. The sun block should be set a protection factor of 15 at the minimum. Also avoid being ot in the sun during the ‘midday when the sun is ac its peak. Now, you do need sunlight for the production of vitamin D in the body, buc if you limi your exposure co the morning hours then you will be doing fine.PTE ADVANTAGE Track 210: Multiple-Choice, Choose Multiple Answers - Item 2 2. The carly human had to take the forces of nature as given and had to tune his acts to the daily and seasonal changes of heat; light and weather, virulence of a disease, and the like. Slowly the influence of the sun was revealed to him as the cause of heat, light and weather. From the sun, the ‘search’ extended to other heavenly bodies, the planets, the stars etc. Ifa celestial event, such, as an eclipse or the appearance of a comet, occurred concurrently with some/the same event, an epidemic or a great flood or fice, or king's death, the former was taken to be the cause for the latter. This is why in all ages and in all cultures, wise men religiously kepe records of such, celestial events, as much as they kepc record of the ‘accompanying’ earthly events like plagues, floods, droughts, famines and the like. They sincerely thought such celestial events truly pres- aged the cataclysms on earth. ‘Track 211: Fill in the Blanks ~ Item 1 Directions: You will hear a recording. Type the missing words in each blank, 1. There are some pitfalls in this technology-induced education. All the experienced and veteran teachers are mostly teaching seudents who are a generation younger than the teachers. The seudents are more technologically savvy, and are more aware ofthe uses of technology. Teachers are less connected with technology and face certain challenges while trying to assimilare the technology in the classroom, It is especially difficult for teachers who have been teaching in the old ways for a long time to suddenly incorporate a new way of teaching that they have never used before, It can sometimes make the teachers fee! less competent and less sure of themselves. Many schools and colleges also do not have proper facilities and resources to assimilate technology in che classroom. Yet both these problems are transitory in nature because the future for the human infrastructure (teachers) as well as physical infrastructure (school and college campuses) is technology and technology alone. ‘Track 212: Fill in the Blanks - Item 2 2. Even though many people believe in the myth, coal plays no role in diamond formation. Coal ieselfis a fossil fuel because ics formed from the remains of vegetation and animals which lived millions of years ago. Now, diamonds are much much older than coal and definitely older than the earth’ first land plant. There is also other evidence to consider. Trst is the fact that coal originates in horizontally placed sedimentary rock units. Diamonds, on the other hand, are found in vertical pipes filled with igneous rock.TRANSCRIPTS FOR THE MOCK TESTS aa Track 213: the Blanks - Item 3 3. Geologists worldwide think that almost all diamonds in commercial diamond deposits were assembled in che mantle and because of volcanic eruptions they move towards the surface after tearing through the mantle. For the composition of natural diamonds, very high temperatures and pressures are required. ‘This is approximately 2000 degrees Fahrenheit or 1050 degrees C. This cannot be found anywhere on the Earth, except at a depth of about 150 kilometers beneath the carth’s surface. The types of eruptions which have caused these have never been recorded by scientists to date, Track 214: Highlight Correct Summary - Item 1 Directions: You will hear a recording. Click on the paragraph that best relates to the recording, 1. One of the most prominent geographical features of Greece is the mountain range. Greece is among a small number of countries which feature a large number of mountains within their territories. Mount Olympus is the highest peak and has been believed to be the abode of the ‘Twelve Olympian gods of ancient Greece. Icis the fourth tallest peak in Europe and its highest peak rises approximately 3000 m above sea level. The Pindus mountain range runs from the northwest to southeast and is furcher extended to the Peloponnese range. ‘The Pindus range also runs underwater and crosses the Aegean Sea to form the Aegean Islands. The largest of these islands is the island of Crete, which is controlled by Greece. Greece has a large number of islands and islets that lie in the Aegean Sea. The largest island, Crete, extends 250 km from east to west and is 55 km in width at its widese point. It is approximately 150 km south of mainland Greece. The Tonian Islands are a different cluster of seven different islands, six of which lie off the western coast. The seventh lies off the southern tip of the Peloponnesian Mountains. ‘The ‘Aegean Islands fill che Aegean Sea and they fill an area that spans between mainland Greece to the west and north, Anatolia to the east and Crete to the south, Track 215: Highlight Correct Summary - Item 2 2. Doctors cannot always explain why one person develops oral cancer and another person doesn't. However, we do know that chis disease is not contagious. You cannot catch oral cancer from another person. So, you cant get it from sharing food or drinks with anothei person unlike other communicable diseases. Oral cancer, in this sense is a non-communicable disease. There ate, however, certain risk factors which can contribute to its origin and growth. ‘These risk factors include robacco use, alcohol, ultraviolet light and/or a history of head and or neck cancer. ‘Tobacco use is predominantly the number one risk factor for this cancer and ie doesnit matter whether you smoke it in the form of cigarettes, pipes or cigars or you chew it. Therefore, you should avoid smoking cigarettes, pipes, cigars, as well as chewing and dipping snuff. This is the ‘number one risk factor for oral cancers.WET © 2ovantace Sunlight exposure, particularly prolonged exposure predisposes the lips to developing cancer. ‘This can happen when a person works all day outside or exposes self ro too much sunbathing. We apply a sunscreen or sun block to exposed parts of the skin if we are going to be exposed for long periods of sunlight. However, most people do not consider theit lips. A person should use a lip balm when outside. Now, the risk of lip cancer is increased if the person also smokes and the risk increases significantly ifa person both drinks and uses tobacco. Track 216: Multiple-Choice, Choose Single Answer ~ Item 1 Directions: Listen to the recording and answer the multiple choice question by selecting the correct response. Only one response is correct, 1. Scientists at Harvard University have decermined significant variations among skeletal, cardiac and smooth muscles, though all the muscular movements use actin against myosin to create contraction, Skeletal muscles are anchored by tendons to bone, and control all movements of the human body including the postural control. An average adult male is made up of 40% to 50% of skeletal muscle and an adult female of 30 co 40%6. Its pertinent co note thar smooth muscle is not always under conscious control. Cardiac muscle is a specialized kind of muscle found only within heart. The latter two types are packed into highly regular arrangements of bundles. Heart muscles contract and relax in short, intense bursts, whereas smooth muscles sustain longer contractions, Skeletal muscles are arranged in discrete manner, connected by tendons to processes of the skeleton. The fibers of cardiac muscle are typically branched like a tree and are connected to other cardiac muscle fibers through inter-locked discs. Contrary to popular belief, the number (of muscle fibers cant be increased through exercise. Instead the muscle cells get bigger. In skeletal muscle, contraction is always regulated by internal pacemaker cell i Track 217: Multiple-Choice, Choose Single Answer - Item 2 2. A big scar on the face of morality is the Holocaust; six million people lost their lives but no ‘one found the courage to speak on behalf of them. ‘There is a big need now to bring values to a congtuency. We must wake up to the need for understanding of basic human values and. should be ready to take necessary action when they are violated in any way. However, life cannot be just lived in reactionary actions. We, the most intelligent species on carth, should create and uphold values. Then, instead of being judgmental, we would be proactive and objective in our behavior. Time now and again demands that instead of being a mute spectator, we should understand what the greater good is and act likewise to defend it.‘TRANSCRIPTS FOR THE MOCK TESTS ~ Track 218: Multiple-Choice, Choose Single Answer - Item 3 > | 3. When the baby sees light and responds by tightly shutting his eyes, then later by opening them to investigate, his sensation is what ic is because through the eons of the past man has estab- c lished a certain relation co light through experiencing it Ea So ou baby soon shows certain “instinctive” reactions. He reaches out to grasp. He sucks, he cries, he looks at light and bright objects in preference to dark, he is carrying our the history of his race, but is making it personal. He has evolved a new life, but all his ancestors make its foundation. The personal element, added to his heritage, has made him different from any and a all of his forebears. But he can have no consciousness except as a bit from the vast inherited accumulation of the past of his ancestors, ofthe entire race, steps forth to meet a new enviton- a ment. Track 219: Select Missing Word ~ Item 1 Directions: You will hear a recording about information security. At the end of the recording, the © last word of group of words has been replaced by a beep. Select the correct option co complete the recording 1. The practice of defending information and databases from unauthorized access, use, disclosure, oO disruption, modification, perusal, inspection, recording or destruction is known as information security. Typically, one thinks of this term in reference to electronic information such as 5 email or databases, bue this can also apply to physical information such as paper files and other ses systems of storing data. ‘There are two major areas of. © Track 220: Select Missing Word - Item 2 © Directions: You will heara recording about Galileo. Ac the end of the recording, the last word or group. _~__ of words has been replaced by a beep. Select the correct option to complete the recording, : 2. Galileo uses the telescope to verify Copernicus’ heliocentric model of the solar system. ‘This of, course goes against both popular belief and church doctrine which claims that the Earth is the o centre of the solar system. Galileo publishes his findings in Italian rather than Latin which is traditionally used for the sciences. This is so that it is accessible to the common people. The a marriage of his daughter to a wealthy young man, whom she genuinely loves, fails because of Galileo’ refusal to discance himself from his teachings which are considered highly unorthodoxPTE ADVANTAGE Track 221: Highlight Incorrect Words - Item 1 Directions: You will hear a recording. Below is a cranscript of the recording. Some words in the tran scription differ from what the speaker(s) said. Click on the words that are diferent. motor skills, fitness and co gain bone strengeh and joint function, Exercise has positive effects upon muscles; it stimulates the muscles. Aerobie exer cises involve low levels of exertion in which the muscles are used at will below heir maximal contraction strength for long periods. Aerobic exercises consume a mixture of fat, protein, and carbohydrates for energy, along with oxygen in a large measure. They involve shore bursts of higher intensity contractions and the body gains much strength. Skeletal muscle can carry more oxygen and sustain aerobic activity. 1. Exercise isa solid means of impr Track 222: Highlight Incorrect Words ~ Item 2 2. Neoclassicism held a strong position in architecture during the hundred year period becween 1750 and 1850. It competed with neo-Gothic style, which rose in popularity during the early 19th century. During late 19th century, archirecture was characterized by a variety of styles which only slightly recalled classicism or were unrelated. While classical architecture continued to play an important role for brief periods of time during the 1920's, ic never regained dominance. With the advent of Modernism in the early 1900's, classical architecture as a whole has for the most part been left behind. Track 223: Highlight Incorrect Words - Item 3 3. Insomnia is a sleep disorder which is described as sleeplessness. This can involve either the Inability to fll asleep or the inability to stay asleep as long as desired. Insomnia is grouped into primary and secondary insomnia. Secondary insomnia is associated with another disorder. Primary insomnia isa sleep disorder which cannot be attributed to any medical, psychiatric ot environmental cause. It is described chiefly asthe difficulty of falling asleep and patients will ofien state chat it takes them a long time to fll asleep. Ie can also be described as having disturbances during sleep as well as experiencing sleep which is not refreshing. A complete diagnosis is needed in order to differentiate whether the insomnia is unique unto itself or is associated with another condition.TRANSCRIPTS FOR THE MOCK TESTS. 49) Track 224: Write from Dictation — Items 1 to 4 Directions: You will hear a sentence, Write the sentence exactly as you heat it, Write as much of the sentence as you can. You will hear the sentence only once. 1. Gravitational biology tries to understand the effect of gravity on living organisms. 2. Beauty, perceived by man alone of all the animals, must be an expression of intelligence. 3. Emotions are nor composed of strata and conflicting pressures. 4, Music gives expression without the help of representation. ( sPeakina section ‘Track 301: Repeat Sentence ~ Items 1 to 10 Directions: You will hear a sentence. Please repeat the sentence exactly as you hear it. You will hear the sentence only once. 1. Preservation of the human habitat, ecology and environment is a concern too. 2. This brings us to che new progressive doctrine in defense of “Social Correctness”. 3. The implementation of the polio eradication program in India is impressive. 4. In the private sector, the benchmark of financial performance is the rate of return. 5. Recent research suggests that emotion may be a right-hemispheric function. 6. Consultancies rely on a variety of techniques to produce ground-breaking ideas. 7. Establishing and reraining intellectual leadership takes strong management skills. 8. There’ still plenty of room for mathematical exploration and experimentation in a problem that began centuries ago. 9. “The question to be asked is what is the significance of this event to our planetary civilization? 10. Vitalis the habit of approaching everything we are taught co believe with a certain skepticism. Track 302: Re-tell Lecture - Item 1 Directions: You will hear a lecture. After listening to the lecture, in 10 seconds, please re-tell what you have just heard from the lecture, in your own words. You will have 40 seconds to give your response. 1. Inanexperiment, a researcher instructed people who considered themselves lucky and those who considered themselves unlucky to count the number of pictures in a newspaper. On one page of che newspaper was wricten “Stop counting - tell the experimenter you have seen this and win $250". It was found that those who viewed themselves as lucky found this more often than those ‘who thought they were unlucky. Did this experiment reveal that some people are luckier than others? Or doesit show that their attitudes ae different? This and other tests reveal that those whoPTE ADVANTAGE consider themselves to be unlucky tend to be more anxious. ‘Those who view themselves as lucky are more relaxed and open and therefore see opportunities beyond those that they are looking for. Ithas been noticed that those who view themselves as lucky have more variety and cchange in their lives and this in curn increases the potential for chance opportunities in people’ lives. | So, is it possible to change one’s outlook regarding luck? According to one research, the | answer is yes and this researcher has created a luck school. In this luck school, people are given ‘exercises and lectures as to how to break everyday routines and deal with life in a more positive way. The results are dramatic and people have come out feeling more positive about cheir lives and even more satisfied. They are also more able to identify and follow up on opportunities as they come about, Track 303: Re-tell Lecture - Item 2 2, Tooth sensitivity is actually a very common problem caused by several factors as we shall see. It can be treated and to an extent prevented. Tooth sensitivity can be experienced by young and, old alike. However, the elderly are more prone as we shall soon learn. The teeth consist of three layers. The uppermost is the hardest and is known as enamel, Beneath the enamel is the softer yellowish layer known as dentin. The third layer is the pulp, which is che centre of the tooth. ‘The pulp is also where you find the nerve endings as well asthe blood vessels which supply the tooth with all its needs. “Tooth sensitivity is caused by the gradual exposure of dentin by any number of means. One common means is through cavities, but over-consumption of carbonated beverages can also produce this. Now, dentin has microscopic channels which are filed with fluid and contain nerve endings which extend into the pulp. Eating or drinking foods and beverages hot, cold or sweet can ‘cause this fluid to mave which in turn causes the nerve endings Co react in response. This causes the sudden discomfort or an acute, but transient shatp pain. Now, as I said, chere can be many causes for this to happen. The most common causes can be brushing the tecth too hard. Sometimes tooth sensitivity arises because a person will brush excessively and forcefully or by using a hard bristled toothbrush. Highly abrasive tooth pastes, can also contribute to this. Over time, the enamel is worn down and exposes the dentin, Now, you can prevent this by using a softer toothbrush, using less force and brushing with a less abrasive toothpaste,TRANSCRIPTS FOR THE MOCK TESTS Ea © Track 304: Re-tell Lecture - Item 3 [3 Both the existence of Egypt itself, and its strange insulation in the midst of boundless tracts of dry and barren sand, depend upon certain remarkable results of the general laws of rain. What oO I mean is, that the water which is taken up by the atmosphere from the surface of the sea and of the land by evaporation, falls again, under certain circumstances, in showers of rain, che Fre~ ‘quency and abundance of which vary very much in different portions of the carth. As a general principle, rains are much more frequent and abundant near the equator than in the temperate dimes, and they grow less and less as we approach the poles. This might naturally have been a expected; under the burning sun of the equator, the evaporation of water must necessarily go on with immensely greater rapidity than ia che colder zones, and all the water which is taken O Lup must, of course, again come down. oe Icis not, however, wholly by the latitude of the region in which the evaporation takes place that the quantity of rain which falls ftom the atmosphere is determined. The condition, on es which the falling back of the evaporated water mainly depends, is the cooling of the armos~ ppheric stratum which contains it. And this effect is produced in vatious ways, and many differ- 0 ‘ent cauises operate to modify it. Well, ic will be evident from these considerations that the frequency of the showers, and o the quantity of the rain which will fall, in the various regions, must depend on the combined . influence of many causes, such as the warmth of the climate, the proximity and the direction of mountains and of seas, the character of the prevailing winds, and the reflecting qualities of a the soil. These and other similar causes, ic is found, do in fact, produce a vast difference in the quantity of rain which fills in differene regions. Track 305: Answer Short Question — Items 1 to 10 Directions: You will hear a question. Please give a simple and short answer. Offen just one or a few O words is enough. 1. What relation does a person, who works in che same office as you, bear to you? an 2. What is the system of government by an absolute ruler known as? 3. What term is used for a see-through item (which allows the passage of light)? oO 4, What describes a title, an honor, or a position conferred without pay? 5. Which place is frted up for scientific experiments? O | 6 Whats the name given t the science of study of stars? 7. What is che term used for a group of bees? 8. What will the home of a bird be called? 0 9. What is the female of a stallion known as? 10, Whar do we call a period of ten years?PTE ADVANTAGE (BM _usteninc section ‘Track 306: Summarize Spoken Text ~ Item 1 Di tions: You will hear a short lecture. Write a short summary in 50-70 words. You have 10 minutes Co finish this task. Your response will be judged on the quality of your waiting and on how well your response presents the key points presented in the lecture. 1, There is, of course, no denying that we are still ata very early stage in understanding weather. The effects of such variables as rainfall, cloud formation, the seas and oceans, gases such as methane and ozone, or even solar energy are still not really understood, and therefore the predictions about their effects cannot always be relied on. Dr. James Hansen, in 1988, was predicting that the likely effects of global warming would be a rising of world temperature which would have disastrous consequences for mankind: “a strong cause and effect relationship between the current climate and human alteration of the atmosphere”. He now believes that, rather than getting hotter, our planet is getting greener as a result of the carbon dioxide increase, with the prospect of increasing vegetation in areas which in recent history have been frozen wastelands. In addition, if we look ac the much reported rise in global temperature over the last century, a close analysis reveals that the lion’s share of that increase, almost three quarters in coral, occurred before man began to ‘poison’ his world with industrial processes and the accompanying greenhouse gas emissions in the second half of the twentieth century. ‘Track 307: Summarize Spoken Text ~ Item 2 2. "The term water harvesting, particularly rainwater harvesting, has been used for centuries. Rai water harvesting is generally described as che conscious collection and storage of rainwater co meet the demands of water for drinking and domestic irrigation. Water is harvested for a variety of purposes. One is to halt che gradual decline in water availability and to amplify the abundance of water resources already available. Another potential use of water harvesting is to reduce the effects of soil erosion and to inculcate a culture of water conservation. ‘The importance of rainwater harvesting needs no words. In the present scenario of finite fresh water resources, it has become indispensable to manage and distribute water so that eve- syone has access to this precious resource. Community pasticipation aud wadiional waer harvesting systems throughout the country have augmented the already available sources of water and thereby have mitigated the water criss to some extent. However, mote needs to be done when it comes to harvesting water. This is due to the fact that humanity has been increasing in numbers significantly and this has brought about a need for more agriculture. Agriculeure is the biggest user of water, far exceeding what a population uses on a daily basis for their general needs such as drinking, washing and baching.TRANSCRIPTS FOR THE MOCK TESTS =a ‘Track 308: Summarize Spoken Text - Item 3 3. If the physician is sometimes fooled, how much more the sufferer himself! Nausea from a healthy stomach is just as sickening as nausea from a diseased one. A fainting-spell is equally uncomfortable, whether it comes from an impaired heart or simply fom one that is behaving badly for the moment. It must be remembered that in functional nervousness the trouble is very eal, The organs are really “acting up.” Sometimes itis the brain chat misbehaves instead of the stomach or heart. In that a of the brain. Pain, of course, is perceived only by the brain. Cut the telegraph wire, che nerve, and no amount of injury to the finger can cause pain. Its equally true that a misbehaving brain can report sensations that have no external cause that have not come in through che regular channel along the nerve. The pain feels just the same, is every bit as uncomfortable as though its cause were external Track 309: Multiple-Choice, Choose Multiple Answers - Item 1 Directions: Listen to the recording and answer the multiple choice question by selecting all the correct responses. You will need to select more than one response. 1. Biotic components mean living organisms such as plants, animals and humans. This also includes microbes and other microscopic life. Abiotic components are non-living factors such as soil, temperature, water, humidity and sunlight. As a matter of fact, both physical and chemical factors make up abiotic environments, whereas biotic factors are consisted of produc ers, consumers and decomposers. Energy and nitrogen are other types of components that belong to the category of abiotic. Bioties and abiotics both interact together to smoothen the functioning of an ecosystem. The food chain is an important part of an ecosystem. Biotic and abiotic factors both contribute to it. The plants prepare food with the help of sunlight, water, minerals and carbon dioxide. These plants are eaten by herbivorous animals which are plant eacers. Further, they become the food for carnivorous animals. Man stands at the top of the food chain and is called the ultimate consumer. During this whole process, the transfer of energy takes place in every stage. Plants render oxygen to the animals and man. In recurn, animals and man exhale carbon dioxide which is taken up by the plants. Track 310: Multiple-Choice, Choose Multiple Answers - Item 2 2. ‘Thereare mysteriesall about usas omnipresent as che movement of theair chalifis the smokeand stirs the leaves. Often and deeply have I been impressed with this. For example, theze is searcely in this world, a commoner ora humbler thing than a tail, yet how multifarious is it in aspect, in construction, and in function, a hundred different things and yet one. Some are of feathers and. some ofhair, and some bareand skinny;someare long and some are short, some stick upand somePTE ADVANTAGE hang down, some wag forever and some are still; the uses that they serve cannot be numbered, but one name covers them all. In the course of evolution they came in with the fishes and went ‘out with man, What was their purpose and mission? What place have they filled in the scheme of things? In shore, what is the true inwardness of a tail? ‘When an animal's fore-legs are fitted on to its backbone at the proper distance from the hind-legs, if any of the backbone remains over, we call it a tail. But it has no purpose; itis a mere surplus. And here lies the whole secret of the multifarious use. For the absence of special purpose isthe chance of general usefulness. The ear must fulfil its purpose or fail entirely, for it can do nothing else. Eyes, nose and mouth, hands and feet, all have their ducies; the tail is the unemployed. And if we allow that life has had any hand in the shaping of its own destiny, then the ingenuity of the devices for turning the useless member ro account affords one of the most exhilarating subjects of contemplation in the whole panorama of Nature Track 311: Fill in the Blanks ~ Item 1 Directions: You will hear a recording, Type the missing words in each blank. 1. Keats had never thought of being a poet as profession. In the autumn of 1810, he decided to study medicine and subsequently received a license as an apothecary in 1816. He was never really interested in medicine however and this career did not thrive as he had a passion for arts and literature which he found more desirable, He eventually met Leigh Hunt, who was the publisher ofa newspaper, The Examiner. Through this meeting, Hunt introduced Keats co the world of politics as well as English poets. In honor of this meeting, Keats wrote a sonnet for Hunt. ih Track 312: Fill in the Blanks - Item 2 2. If this vencure proves to be successful, we plan to introduce engagement diamond rings sct in platinum, OF course, these would be much more expensive, but then these too would be custom-made and would be exclusively launched for our regular customers. We are planning, to bring in other products as well. Recent surveys, conducted by our Marketing Department reveal that customers prefer to have an entire jewelry set ~ including necklace and ear rings, along with the ring. So we are planning to design complete diamond jewelry sets, embedded in platinum. If these designs are well accepted by our exclusive customers, we could launch these | designs in white gold for the rest of our customers too. As of now we need to concentrate on the present project ready for the launch. All the preparations for adequate advertisement have been made by our Public Relations Department.‘TRANSCRIPTS FOR THE MOCK TESTS __. Track 313: Fill in the Blanks - Item 3 3. IFpsychology isa science, itis no longer a thing of guesses or theories, but isa grouping of confirmed facts about the mind, facts proved in the psychology laboratory even as chemical fics are demonstrated in the chemical laboratory. Wherein psychology departs from facts which can be proved by actual experience or by accurate tests, it hecomes metaphysics, and is beyond the realm of science; for metaphysics deals with the realities of the supermind, or the soul, and its relations to life, and death, and God. Physics, chemistry, biology have all in their day been merely speculative. They were bodies of theory which might prove true or might nor. When they worked, by actually being tried out, they became bodies of accepted facts, and are today called sciences. In the same way the laws of the working of the mind have been tested, and a body of assured facts about it has taken its place with other sciences. Track 314: Highlight Correct Summary - Item 1 Directions: You will heara recording. Click on the paragraph thar best relates to che recording. 1. The best chings in an artists work are so much a matter of intuition, that chere is much to be said for the point of view that would alcogether discourage intellectual inquiry into artistic phenomena on the part of the artist. Intuitions are shy things and are bound to disappear if looked into too closely. And there is undoubtedly a danger that coo much knowledge and training may supplant the natural intuitive feeling of a student, leaving only a cold knowledge of the means of expression in its place. For the artist, iFhe has the right stufFin him, has a consciousness, in doing his best work, of something, as Ruskin has said, “not in him but chrough ” He has been, as ir were, bur the agent through which it has found expression. Talent can be described as “that which we have,” and Genius as “that which has us.” Now, although we ‘may have little control over this power that “has us,” and although ic may be as well ro abandon oneself unreservedly to its influence, there can be litle doubt as to its being the business of the artis to see to i that his talent be so developed, that he may prove a fit instrument for the expression of whatever it may be given him to express; while ie must be left co his individual temperament to decide how far itis advisable to pursue any intellectual analysis of the elusive things that are the true matter of ar Track 315: Highlight Correct Summary - Item 2 2, “Abundance” is the word with which to describe the original animal life that stocked our coun- «ry, and all North America not very long ago. Throughout every state, on every shore-line, in all che millions of fresh water lakes, ponds and rivers, on every mountain range, in every forest, and even on every desert, the wild flocks and herds held sway. It was impossible to go beyond the settled haunts of civilized man and escape them.MME 71 sovantace Iwasa full century after the complete settlement of New England and the Virginia colonies that the wonderful big-game fauna of the great plains and Rocky Mountains was really discovered; but the bison millions, the antelope millions, the mule deer, the mountain sheep and ‘mountain goat were there, all the time. In the early days, the millions of pinnate grouse and quail ofthe central states attracted no serious attention from the American people-at-large; but they lived and flourished just the same, until che greedy market gunners systematically slaugh- tered them, and barreled them up for “the market,” while the foolish farmers calmly permitted them to do it. Track 316: Highlight Correct Summary ~ Item 3 3, Persons do not become a society by living in physical proximiry, any more than a man ceases to be socially influenced by being so many feet or miles removed from others. A book or a le ter may institute a more intimate association between human beings separated thousands of miles from each other than exists between dwellers under the same roof. Individuals do not even compose a social group because they all work for a common end. The parts of a machine work with a maximum of cooperativeness for a common result, but they do not form a com- ‘munity. If, however, they were all cognizant of the common end and all interested in it so that they regulated their specific activity in view of i, then they would form a community. But this, would involve communication, Each would have to know what the other was about and would have to have some way of keeping the other informed as to his own purpose and progress. Consensus demands communication Track 317: Multiple Choice, Choose Single Answer ~ item 1 Directions: Listen to the recording and answer the multiple choice question by selecting the correct response, Only one response is correct. 1. Now, why has the world been so slow in recognizing that Chopin stands in the very front rank of creative musicians? One reason doubrless is that he was so quiet and retiring in his personal disposition. His stil, small voice was losin the din of musical warfare. He warmly defended the principles of the romantic school, if necessary, and had decided opinions of other musicians, especially ofthe popular pianists of his day who vitiated the public taste with their show pleces; bur he generally kept dient « hisusell os confided dem only co his friends, whom he ‘even occasionally implored to keep them secret. Had he, like Richard Wagner, attacked everybody, right and lefe, who stood in the way of the general recognition of his genius, his cause would have doubtless assumed greater prominence in the eyes of the public, even though the parlor piano does not afford so much play-ground for warfare as the operatic stag._. TRANSCRIPTS FOR THE MOCK TESTS ae Choose Single Answer - Item 2 2. The trouble with science is that too often it leaves out love. If you agree that we cannot treat men like machines, why should we put animals in that class? Why should we fll into ignorance > and conceit of cataloguing every human-like action of animals under the word “instinct”? Man delights in thinking of him’ as only a litte lower than the angels. Then why should he not con- © |. sider the animals as only a lite lower than him? The poet has truly said that “the beast is the mirror of man as man is the mirror of God.” He has claimed dominion over animal creation and a right to assert that dominion without restraint. This anthropocentric conceit is the same thing that causes one nation to think it should rule the world, that the sun and moon were made only for the laudable purpose of giving light unto a chosen few, and that young lambs playing on a grassy hillside, near a cool spring, are just so much mutton allowed to wander over man's domain until its flavor is improved. © Track 319: Multiple Choice, Choose Single Answer ~ Item 3 © | 3. Curiously enough, investors have not given up on Mexico. Those who have taken a stake in the country in the long term have realized that, in spite of the well — publicized cyclical col- a lapses, the Mexican economy has a remarkable ability to rebound. The last 25 years have seen four serious economic crises in Mexico. When everything is added up, investors in Mexican oO companies and bonds still have enough on the plus side to consider the adventure a success. pe Significantly, after the peso's drastic devaluation of December 1994 and the financial turmoil it created, investors went back rapidly into Mexico. Stock market was the first to show the a inflow of money, as it rose 85% in those six months, but other markets soon followed suit. | This became evident in a decline in interest rates. More important, perhaps, was the increase 0 in direct investment which is channeled to factories and other business establishments. Many _.. |____ investors, indeed, saw the crisis of 1995 as an opportunity to buy. Track 320: Select Missing Word - Item 1 Directions: You will hear a recording about men of experience. Ar the end of the recording, the last ‘word or group of words has been replaced by a beep. Select the correct option to complete the recording 1. The men of experience succeed even better than those who have theory without experience. oO ‘The physician does not cure man, except in an incidental way. If, then, a man has the theory ‘without che experience, and recognizes the universal but does not know the individual included in this, he will often fail to cure; for itis the individual that is to be cured. Yet we suppose men n of letters to be wiser than men of experience; and this is because the former know the cause, bur the lateer do not. For men of experience know that the thing is so, but do not know why, 7 while the men of letters know theWEE 15 svantace Track 321: Select Missing Word - Item 2 Directions: You will hear a recording about scientific mind, Ac the end of the recording, che last word or group of words has been replaced by a beep. Select the correct option to complete the recording. 2. ‘The non-scientific mind sees things as more or less unrelated. ‘The far-reaching causal relations are only imperfectly seen by it, while the scientific mind not only sees chings, but inquires inco their causes and effects or consequences. ‘The non-scientific man, walking over the top of a mountain and noticing a stone there, is likely to se in i only a stone and think nothing of how i eame to be there; but the scientific man sees quite an interesting bic of history in the stone. He reads in the stone that millions of years ago the place where the rock now lies was under the sea. Many marine animals left cheit remains in the mud underneath the sea. The mud was afterward converted into Track 322: Select Missing Word - Item 3 Directions: You will hear a recording about unscientific age. At the end of the recording, the last word ‘or group of words has been replaced by a beep. Select the correct option to complete the recording. 3. Feynman starts the third lecture, “Unscientific Age,” with the announcement that he had used up all his organized ideas in the first two. There are a number of other points that bother him, however, and those he will discuss here. This is the lecture that had in it both of the moments 1 remembered and along the way another that I don't know how I could have forgotten. He tells the story ofa snake-oil salesman he heard, speak in Atlantic City, selling bortles without the legally required warning labels. By the end of his talk he's gotten his gullible audience to affix the labels to the bottles. He had started out by claiming an open mind on, but by the end, there was a label on his Track 323: Highlight Incorrect Words ~ Item 1 Directions: You will hear a recording, Below is a transcript of the recording. Some words in the transcription differ from what the speaker(s) said. Click on the words that are different. 1. There is much debace whether or not pleasure is experienced by other animals. There are those ‘who consider pleasure to be a uniquely human experience. Some of these thinkers have postu- laced that ro ascribe any human expericnec, including pleasure, to animals is ¢ form of andiu- pomorphism, Others view animal behavior as being responsive to different stimuli and to react accordingly. There are still others who will argue that it is impossible to know whether animals truly experience emotion. However, a majority of scientists do accept that animals have the capacity to experience emotions, but state that these are not the same as human emotions.TRANSCRIPTS FOR THE MOCK TESTS sso Track 324: Highlight Incorrect Words - Item 2 2. It came as bolt from the blue, to learn that the world’s cattle population of 1,530 million plays a bigger role in effecting global warming than all of the worlds cars taken together. This is no ‘gimmick; a United Nations report not only makes such a shocking claim but also backs it up swith the requisite dara. And just as they say, ‘Desperate times demand desperate measures’, this alarming conclusion has prompred the British government to take some time off from other insignificant issues, to debate the momentous question pertaining to the implementation of a ‘Flatulence Tax’ on all catee and sheep. ‘This is their vague attempt to curb the burgeoning number of cattle, It just scems that the British are taking cue from the New Zealanders, who had implemented a tax of NZS10 per animal three years back, much to the consternation of its large farming community. Track 325: Highlight Incorrect Words - Item 3 3. We have been taught that we are Homo sapiens, the sapient humans. We have also been told that we are the thinking animals, the only ones; the obvious implication being that other animals do not think. And itis through this intellect that we have come to rule the world. We also dare to believe that we are pethaps the finest product of evolution, anywhere in the universe. Such baptism has given rise to a bloated feeling of ascendancy among us, in terms of intellect. This intellect or cognition enables us to infer from the information and then come to a conclusion. Iv is the emergence of this ability that makes us perceive other living beings inferiorly. Track 326: Write from Dictation - Items 1 to 4 Directions: You will hear a sentence. Write the sentence exactly as you hear it. Write as much of the sentence as you can. You will hear the sentence only once. 1. The word value has two different meanings: “value in use” and “value in exchange.” 2. How can you help people feel enthusiastic and commicted in difficule times? 3. The personal computer sparked the revolution in corporate culture, 4. Product endorsement in the media can be worth more than its weight in gold5930900999900900900909999090990993"Answers to PTE Mock Tests (BB rart-1 Speaking and Wi ™ Describe Image 1, Suggested Answer: “The pie charts show the pattern of changes observed in the total energy consumed in US homes over a period of 27 years, In both the years 1978 and 2005, the greatcst proportion of energy was consumed for space heating. However, this proportion came down from 66% in 1978 to 419% in 2005. The second major energy consumers in homes were appliances and electronics, the consumption through which almost doubled over the period from 17% to 31%. Energy consumed by water heaters increased from 14% to 20% and that by air conditioners almost tripled in proportion, It can be inferred from the graphs that, over time, people in the US have come to rely ‘more on water heating and different electronic appliances, than on space heating, 2. Suggested Answer: ‘The table, divided into three parts, shows the medal tally of top four countries in Common Wealth Games 2010. The three parts cover tally for Men's Events, for Women's Events, and the composite rally for men and women, The names and rankings of the top four countries remains the same forall three allies, Australia being the topper forall chree by some distance. The Austral- ian tally was almost three times that of the fourch placed team (Canada) for Men's event, and more than twice overall. The second placed team (England) was not far behind, at least in the case of Menis Events. 3. Suggested Answer: “The «win line graphs depict a country’s wheat export and wheat stock figures in million tons for the five year period 2011-12 to 2015-16. There seems ¢o be some sort of an inverse relation beeween the quantity exported and char kept in stock. During the yeats the export figures went up, the stock figures usually came down and vice versa. Overall, though the export figures in the year 2015-16 are the same as in the year 2011-12 (35 million cons), the stock figures have declined significantly during the same period, from 13 million tons to 8 million cons. This might indicate that either the production has gone down or the domestic consumption has gone up.ETE Avanrace 4, Suggested Answer: “The twin bar graphs depice the number of students in different streams in two engineering colleges (ABC and XYZ), during the years 2014-15 and 2015-16. Overall, both the engineering colleges scem to have suffered significant decline in the total number of students, but XYZ seems to have suffered a greater decline, the gap in numbers has come down from 110 students to 30. ‘What stands out, however, is that the number of students in the Mechanical Engineering stream in XYZ college in the year 2015-16 is just 40% of whae it was in the previous year 5. Suggested Answer: “The map indicates the number of Nobel Prize winners by region since the year 1901. The highest number of prizes (347) has been won by laureates from the U.S.A. ‘The next highest number (289) is from Europe, Russia, Canada and some parts of Europe have had a fair sprinkling of Nobel Laureates. On the other hand, there are virtually no Nobel Prizes won by people from large parts of Africa, South America and Asia. To sum up, it will be fair to say that the Americans and the Europeans have virtually monopolized the Nobel Prize over the past century. 6. Suggested Answer: ‘The picture shows a crowded street, most probably in a developing Asian country. The street, though pretty broad, is teeming with various types of vehicular traffic, There are state-of-the-art commuter buses, possibly air-conditioned; heavy container-trucks and medium pick-ups; cars, scooters, motorcycles and even bicycles; perhaps even pedestrians. In the foreground is seen a ‘motorcycle, which is overloaded like a cart, with a child loaded precariously in the front, There. does not seem to be much regard for personal safety, because the motorcyclist, rather than wear- ing the helmet, is holding icin the front. There also seems to be not much regard for eraffic rules because the lone cyclist visible in the picture is trying to move actoss the street. Re-tell Lecture 1. Suggested Answer: The lecture is about the history and magnitude of the majestic Sydney Opera House, located near Sydney harbor. Ie was designed by an internationally renowned Danish architect and it took 14 years to build, Ie was inaugurated by Queen Elizabeth II in 1973. Ithas 1000 rooms and its whice shell-shaped sails give the look of a huge sailing ship. 2. Suggested Answer: “The lecture is about prevention of pests and insects into Australia. The speaker takes the case of ‘Asian and European honeybee to explain the damage porential of these insects. The Asian honeybee has the potential to wipe out the native honeybee which produces better grade of honcy than che unpleasant one produced by the former. Also the large size of the European honeybee prevents it from pollinating many native varicties of flowers. The Asian honeybee has been largely cradicated and the authorities don't want any more of them to come in. 3. Suggested Answer: “The lecture is about a recently discovered distant galaxy that began forming stars barely 200 million years after the Big Bang. This discovery explains the existing scientific notions on how soon galaxies began forming after the Big Bang and how the hydrogen fog disappeared. The galaxy is(A ANSWERS TO PTE MOCK TESTS sa | © _seeable through some other galaxies that actually help scientists view it better. The galaxy is not the oldest ever discovered but has the oldest stars and that is what makes ie unique. -~ Answer Short Question - Items 1 to 10 1. Botany 2. Draw A 3. Parole 4. Cemetery OS. Ledger 6. Parasite 7. Monopoly 8. Audience 9. Microscope > 10. Mammals Summarize Written Text 1. Suggested Answer: The ultimate source of war is all kind of evil, be it che exploitation, ignorance or economic struggle of the deprived majority, or the oppression, fear of losing material possessions or the passion es to hold on what is not yours and to unjust privileges of dominating the minority. 2. Suggested Answer: A ‘What differentiates a great manager from an average one is that the former recognizes the uniqueness or special quality of every employee working under him and then capitalizes on this unique o quality or talent of each such subordinate in the best possible manner. 3. Suggested Answer: O Recognizing the importance of heritage, personal or national, wngible or intangible, and the need a to preserve it for future generations, the National Trust of Australia and heritage branch of the Australian Department for Environment and Heritage are working to preserve their built heritage a as well as natural and aboriginal heritage. Write Essay 1, Suggested Tips: This may be true in some cases, But the reverse may more often be true. As they say, ‘Prevention is better than cure’. What type of a person shall we consider as healthy ~ the one that is largely disease-free or che one that falls ill often but gets cured soon enough? I would rather assert -~ thar success lies nor so much in reacting to adverse circumstances in an admirable manner, 2s in proactive approach aimed ac apprehending a problem and solving it before ic occurs. In the former ease, the damage would already have been done by the time a solution is found ....MRE 1 ao vantace A truly successful man is expected to be a visionary ... It is easier co resolve than to pre-solve ... £0 anticipate. Having said that, a successful man is also expected to tackle whatever problems destiny throws his way. There are definitely some unforeseen and unforeseeable circumstances that need to be addressed. Tn sum, although a successful man is expected to visualize and anticipate, he also has to be ready to tackle threats that fall his way unexpectedly. HN rart—2 Reading Multiple-Choice, Choose Single Answer 1. Answer: (2) ‘... che pleasure of a growing knowledge of che great world and its wonders, the delight of intercourse with other people and the happiness of friendship with out fellow-workers) 2. Answer: (1) “The onset of recession has pushed the Diaspora to the brink and forced some to consider return ro their native economies.” 3. Answer: (2) ‘Wharever we feel, our conclusions, our fears, and aspirations, all revolve around our thinking” Multiple-Choice, Choose Multiple Answers 1, Answer: (2, 4, 5) Options 1 and 3 are not mediums that essentially involve face to face communication. 2. Answer: (2, 4) Option 1 is negated by “The Anglo-Saxon churches, as far as can be ascertained, ‘were of no great dimensions’. Option 3 is negated by ‘contradistinguished from the pointed style. Option 5 is discussed only in respect of Roman Style, not in respect of Anglo-Saxon churches, Re-order Paragraphs 1. Answer: (4, 1, 3, 5,2) There are two sentences about equalitarianism in society and three about that in education. One set states that equalitarianism is good in society; che orher says itis not good in education. So, these two sets have to be placed separately. The discussion starts with equalitarianism in society (4). (1) clarifies why one’s judgment is good as another's. (3) raises a question about the aim of education. (5) says the equalitarianism approach in education is wrong, (2) concludes with ‘therefore’. 2. Answer: (3, 2, 4, 1) The only point discussed in the text is che quality of tolerance. That means the statement ‘last but not the least important way’ can only be the first sentence, not che last. Other importane ways must have been discussed in the earlier text. So, (3) introduces tolerance. Statement 2 introduces ‘a tolerant person’. (1) and (4) refer to this tolerant person. So, they come after (2). ‘He is prepared! logically fits before ‘try to persuade ... but ... not force’. 3. Answer: (1, 5, 2, 4, 3) The topic of the text is religious faith and mutual differences on account of this. See the progression of time. Statements (2) and (4) about the past. Statement (3) starts with[ANSWERS TO PTE MOCK TESTS. “This is no longer true”. So, 2, 4, 3 connection is easily established. Statement (1) introduces the topic of religion and faith. Statement (5) follows. So, the correct order is 1, 5, 2, 4, 3. sading: Fill in the Blanks 1. Answer: (1) admirers (2) masterpiece (3) poetic (4) memory Solution Overall, the text is all praise about “Dickens in Camp” and its writer. Many ‘admirers’ (1) consider the work to bea ‘masterpiece’ (2) of the writer. The poem has the quality of ‘poetic’ (3) expressions and its appeal enables the writer to live in che ‘memory’ (4) of the reading public. 2. Amswer: (1) composed (2) variety (3) human (4) untouched (5) studies Solution “The text describes discovery of an ancient cave with precious archeological findings. The cave is ‘composed’ (1) of (consisted of is ungrammatical) several paintings and engravings on a wide ‘variety’ (2) of animals, and remains of human’ (3) activity. Several remains are intact and ‘untouched’ (4) by modern human, providing an exceptional source of archeological ‘studies’ (5). 3. Answer: (1) system (2) tenure (3) represent (4) paralysis Solution Overall the text is about the tenure of the EU president as per the new constitution. As per existing system (1), the presidency is rotated every six months. Now the president will have a fixed ‘tenure’ (2) of five years, during which the president will ‘represent’ (3) the EU. This will avoid policy paralysis’ (4). Answer: (1) instinct (2) riches (3) splendor Solution Overall che text praises the treasure of wisdom and science thac every man desires by nature and that is greater than any worldly riches. The desire is by “instinct (1). And i is geeater than all the worldly ‘riches. Even the sun and the moon are dark before its ‘splendor’ (3). 4 Reading and Writing: Fill in the Blanks 1, Answer: (1) B-social; (2) D-fundamental; (3) A-delling; (4) E-pour; (5) D-seeking Solution “The testis about ‘activity’ being the primary characteristic of society. ‘Social’ is the best fic for the blank (1). Everybody is doing some activity. So, ic is fundamental (2). Miners are ‘drilling’ (3). “Working is inappropriate in context of specific activity mentioned for everybody. People ‘pour? (4) in and out of stores. Everybody is ‘secking’ (5) profi and satisfa 2, Answers (1) A (persistence); (2) B (stage); (3) D (purify); (4) B (reasons); (5) C (unstable); (6) B (process) Solution “The text assercs that persistence pays. Note that some fillers constitute repeat words in the text. Even if the answer is dificule to find otherwise, it becomes so easy if the whole text has been overviewed in advance. For instance ‘persistence’ (1) has been repeated a number of times. So, isEM ere ADVANTAGE ‘purify’ (3). Some scientists give up their project at some (2) stage or the other. Fleming gave reasons (3) why he discontinued. He found penicillin very ‘unstable’ (5). Florey and Chaine lacer discovered the ‘process’ to purify (6) it. 3. Answer: (1) B (discinct); (2) D (environment); (3) A (solitude); (4) B (ignore) (5) A (established); (6) C (organization) Solution “The text emphasizes the importance of relationships in human society. Even if an individual has 4 ‘distince’ (1) personality, its development depends on relations with others and with ‘environ- ‘ment’ (2), An individual cannot live in ‘solicude’ (3). He can use or antagonize others but cannot ‘ignore’ (4) them. The filler for blank (5) ~ ‘established’ relationships ~ is stated in the preceding sentence. This interplay of relations makes up the social ‘organization’ (6). 4, Answer: (1) E (owes); (2) B (conditions); (3) D (mistake); (4) C (wrong); (5) A (Nature) Solution “The text asserts that the world ‘owes’ (1) much to science which formulates theories on why certain phenomena occur under certain conditions (2), but the biggest ‘mistake’ (3) of science was either ro come up with ‘wrong’ (4) theories or to misapply them. Also, science scientific investiga tion fades in comparison to Mother Nature (5) because it can never reveal all the secrets of nature. 5. Answer: (1) B (conscious); (2) A (march); (3) D (accomplished); (4) C (intolerable); (5) B (enfranchisement); (6) D (champions) Solution “The text conveys that the move towards democracy in England resulted not from some design or some deference to principles, but from dissatisfaction among people about governance and a feeling among them chat only power vested in the people offered a solution. ‘There was no ‘conscious! (1) desire that sustained the ‘march’ (2) of the mavement for democracy. Reforms were ‘accomplished’ (3) when abuse of government became ‘intolerable’ (4) and popular ‘enfranchisement (5) was deemed by ‘champions’ (6) of democracy to be the only way out. HE Part-3 Listening ‘Summarize Spoken Text 1. Suggested Answer: “The Ivy Leaguc isa term used to refer to eight elite institutions of higher education in the United States, known for their academic excellence and selectivity in admissions. They were all founded as carly as in the 19th century. Today they count among the world’s topmost insticutions of learning, “These privately owned institutions have access to huge funding to supplement world-class education. (63 words) 2. Suggested Answer: ‘A person suffering from autism, a childhood disorder, faces a lot of problems in communications and social inceraction. Autistic children are slow to learn how to talk and, even afterwards, canit sustain a conversation. They have problems understanding things, as a whole, enjoying thingsANSWERS TO PTE MOCK TESTS around or understanding humor, and even feeling the pain and suffering of others around them. (59 words) Suggested Answer: “The Stone Age, lasting for as many as 2.5 million years of human evolution, was the age of the hunter-gatherer. During this age, humans used sharpened stones co hunt animals and gather roots and leaves of plants. Dairy products and cereal grains were not used much. The stone tools made hunting easier, especially wich the dog being used as hunting companion during the later Stone Age. (67 words) Multiple-Choice, Choose Multiple Answers 1, Answer: (2, 4, 6) Option 1 is not the answer because boils are not indicated anywhere. Option 3 is part of the investigation, not a tell-tale sign. Infections (Option 5) are also not mentioned anywhere. Answer: (1, 4, 6) Options 3 and 5 are activities, not interpersonal skills. Option 2 is nowhere mentioned, though. motivation is included. “Team interaction involves interpersonal skills which include communication, negotiation, leadership and motivation.” Fill in the Blanks 1. Answer: (1) eternal; (2) solve; (3) provide; (4) mushrooming; (5) commonplace 2, Answer: (1) hydrocarbons; (2) alleged; (3) generators; (4) extent; (5) rare; (6) abundant 3. Answer: (1) cultured; (2) surface; (3) flush; (4) contaminants; (5) gravel; (6) table; (7) conserving Highlight the Correct Summary 1, Answer: (2) Option 2 summarizes the lecture that is essentially about the role of vitamins in our body. Option I covers only the discovery; option 3 is inaccurate as far as the discovery of numbers is concerned; option 4 unnecessarily adds minerals and other substances; option 5 brings in vitamin supplements. 2. Answer: (5) Options I and 4 cover only one aspect of the recording, ie, breakfast. Even 2 is pare answer. Option 3 brings in extraneous elements like chewing your food well and a good exercise regime. Multiple-Choice, Choose Single Answer 1. Answer: (1) “Many people do not move under ladders. This superstition ... thought to ... break these powerful bonds and bring il fortune.” 2. Answer: (2) “Management of sleep disturbances, which are secondary to a mental or medical disorder, is best focused on treating the underlying conditions first”.WBE = avantace Select Missing Word 1. Answer: (‘rankings’) The best ranked ... the worst ranked ... to determine the rankings. 2. Answer: (obvious) Thinking outside the box is thinking beyond what is obvious (easy to see and understand). Highlight Incorrect Words ik Incorrect Words: precedes, geological, collection, morality, decrease, scarcely, retain Correct Words: exceeds, geographical, combination, mortality, depletion, sparsely, sustain 2, Incorrect Words: translation, extension, 300, expectations, America, critically, strike 3. Correct Words: transition, interpreration, 200, exceptions, Africa, typically, strife Incorrect Words: gain, comparatively, subsequent, extended, timeliness, resource Correct Words: return, relatively, frequent, expended, timelines, course Write from Dictation ~ Items 1 to 4 ‘Note: | Refer to answers/solutions in the transcripts provided ar the end of the book. (_Part—1_ sPEAKING AND WRITING Describe Image 1 Answer: “The bar graph at the top depicts the number of laptop units available in the market in China as con 30th September, 2010. As can be seen, the market is dominated by IBM, with 250 thousand units in scores. The aggregate stocks ofall the other makers combined do not match up with IBM. figures. Lenovo and Dell have some presence, while Apple and HO have only nominal presence “The horizontal bar graph at the bortom depicts che proportion of free software and paid software provided by Company Stores in May 2010, in China. The Dell Stores offer the highest proportion of free sofiware, while the dominant marker playes, IBM offers probably the lowest proportion. This means that the proportion of free software offered does not have a significant bearing on the dominance in the market and presumably sales. Suggested Answer: The pie chart to the lefe depicts the percentage of seudents in each subject faculty of Burton Uni- versity. The one to the right depicts the percentage of non-US students (by region) in arts faculty. Faculty-wise Arts, Computing and Science disciplines hog the highest numbers (20-25% each). On the other hand, medicine and law have the lowest numbers (5% each). The pie chart to theANSWERS TO PTE MOCK TESTS. a right depicts the percentage of non-US students in the Arts faculty. Over two-thirds of the non- US students are South Americans and most of the rest are Europeans, ‘There are just a few from other regions of the world. 3. Suggested Answer: ‘The line graph depicts the physical quantity (in 100, 000 kilogram) and monetary value (in 10 rillion dollars) of exports from USA during the five year period 2004-2008, While the physical quantity of exports during the period has grown from 10 million kilograms to 20 million kilograms or barely doubled, the monetary value has progressed from 1.5 billion dollars to 5 billion dollars, that is, increased two and a half times. This seems to indicate that the exports from the US increasingly comprise of value-added produccs. 4. Suggested Answer: ; “The bar graph depicts the yield (in metric tons per hectare) of four different crops ~ groundnut, wheat, mustard and maize — during three successive years 2012, 2013 and 2014, The graph shows that 2013 was the best year for the yields of groundnut and maize, average for the yield of wheat, bbut worst for the yield of mustard. ‘The year 2014 was the best for the yield of wheat, nearly the best for the yield of mustard, average for the yield of maize, but worst for the yield of groundnut. The variations in yields could be attributed to climatic/weather conditions. 5. Suggested Answer: ‘The map depicts region-wise economic growth in Mexico in percentage terms during the decade 2001-2011. It can be seen that much of North and a part of South-central Mexico have undergone reasonable economic growth, that i, in excess of 40%. On the other hand, during the same period, parts of South-eastern and South-central Mexico have witnessed sluggish growth of below 20%. ‘Much of the rest of the country has witnessed moderate growth of between 20-40%. In short, the economic growth of Mexico, during the years 2001-2011 has een uneven and sporadic. 6. Suggested Answer: ‘The diagram shows the steps involved in a typical wine making process. In che fist step, the grapes are de-stemmed, that is, their stems are removed. The de-stemmed grapes are crushed in a crushing machine for further processing, ‘The crushed pulp is then allowed co ferment in a tank for some weeks before itis passed on to the next stage for maceration. The macerated extract is stored and aged for several years before being sent for addition of preservatives to add life and fine taste to the wine. Finally, the wine is bottled and labeled and is ready to be shipped. Re-tell Lecture 1. Suggested Answer: ‘The elephant socicties are female-oriented, consisting of up to three generations of female adults and the young ones, Male clephants have ro leave the families when once they reach an age of 14 yeats of so, ‘The elephant families also network into families of distant kin, called bond groups, and further into larger groups called clans. ‘These groups are known to communicate, though scientists are not sure about the means of such communication. Though clephants have a strong, sense of smell, they are more likely to communicate through elephant calls.PTE ADVANTAGE 2. Suggested Answer: ‘Though, in most cases, pain is only a symptom of many kinds of disorders, like tumor, infec tion, fracture etc., chronic pain that persists for months or years, is a disease in itself. Presently, the various treatments for this type of pain are essentially symptom modifying, like analgesics or anesthesia, apart from physiotherapy, or in some cases, psychotherapy. Furure will perhaps bring lines of treatment that are holistic and do not simply mask the problem. 3. Suggested Answer: Some interesting plants exist only in tropical rainforests, where there is abundance of enriched nutrients as well as warmeh and humidity. One such plant is a vine called Liana, which begins its life on the forest loot but wraps itself around the nearby tree trunk to reach the tree's canopy. “There it spreads itself even across neighboring trees to catch as much of sunlight as possible, rendering support and stability to che tree at the same time, Answer Short Question — Items 1 to 10 1. Amphibi 2. Geologist 3. Posthumous 4, Omnipotent 5. Referendum 6. Rest in Peace 7. Alternate Current 8. Ante Meridian 9. Obsolete 10, Anatomy Summarize Written Text 1. Suggested Answer: The Milky Way galaxy consists of 200-400 billion stars, has a circumference of over hundred thousand light years, and has at its centre a huge black hole, which is millions of times the mass of our sun. 2, Suggested Answer: ‘Wegener's theory that all the world’s continents were once joined together in a huge continent called Pangaca, finds support from evidence in the form of fossils of plants and animals af rhe same age found in different continents, as well as from the theory of plate tectonics. Write Essay 1, Suggested Tips: ‘We have inherited an Earth endowed with seemingly endless resources from our ancestors. But our materialistic approach and our never-ending greed for ‘more’ is bound to ensure that we dort leaveANSWERS TO PTE MOCK TESTS. 7] enough of these once-abundant resources for posterity... It's not the fuels and metals and such other consumables alone that we arc bent upon exhausting; it’s aso the life-giving substances like water and air that are at severe risk, with our attempt to clear off all che Forests and exhaust all the fresh water resources. ... If individuals cannot take a longer perspective, at least the governments can... Need to put insctutional checks in place.... Check on indiscriminate mining through environmental clearances... Check on use of forest land.... Steps to replenish fresh water resources... check on land, air, water pollucants to keep the Earth an inhabitable place for future... 2. Suggested Tip: ‘There is no doubt that mankind's longevity has increased substantially... There is no doubt also that healthcare costs have gone up manifold... But hasnit the span of working life increased at the same time? This means that the human species has much more time to work and save for the sunset days.... Somebody has to foot the bill.... Ifthe government docs, it means the society as a whole does. This may he desirable or even necessary co an extent, particularly in case of weaker sections of the society, but this cannot be turned into ‘the entire’ responsibility and for everyone. Afer all, there are limits to charity. Why not save for your tomorrow as long as you can, and to the extent you can? The governments can definitely make ic easier by encouraging contributory Pension schemes, contributory provident fund schemes and health insurance schemes. (part-2 READING Multiple Choice, Choose Single Answer 1. Answer: (2) This is the only causative physical change. All others are either resultant or non-physical changes. 2. Answer: (4) All che options help lifes problems in some way Bue the question i all problems of if on this Earth’ and this can only be (4), whichis the most comprehensive, Multiple Choice, Choose Multiple Answers 1. Answer: (2, 3, 4) “...n0 such power resident in any one person more than another; that a glass of water, a tree, ora stick... is equally possessed by every stock or stone.” 2. Answer: (1, 5) These are the only business spheres mentioned. ‘Carbonated beverage’ is nothing but the cola product. 3. Answer: (1, 4,5) Options 2 and 3 are psychic. Re-order Paragraphs 1. Answer: (4, 1, 5, 3, 2) The paragraph is about the ‘arly riser’. Option (4) begins the discussion. ‘The sequence begins from early rising (4) and continues with plenty of time to do his work in Option (1), work finished in time and going to bed (5), gets to sleep carly, most refreshing (3), and after a sound night’ sleep in Option (2)PTE ADVANTAGE 2. Answer: (2, 4, 1, 3) The text is about the imporcance of universities for learning the starecraft. Option (2) introduces the topic by talking about the importance of universities. Option (4) makes it more specific about university education. Option (1) elaborates the importance of ‘foundations’ at early stage. “...from this university teaching’ in option (3) refers to the ‘university education in). 3. Answer: (2, 4, 1, 3) The text is about the importance of games in providing a good spectacle as ‘well as non-violent contest and rivalry. Option (2) introduces the topic — absorbing spectacle. Option (4)ineroduces games as the best form of contest. ‘Here arc bloodless battles’ (plural) in option (1) refers to games in option (4). Option (3) elaborates on ‘exhausted and cheerful” in Option (1). Reading: Fill in the Blanks 1. Answer: (1) sickness; (2) mind (3) creation; (4) cure Solution Overall the text is about the mind cure system whose basic premise is that there is no physical disease, except that the mind is sick. Filler (1) is obvious (sickness). Disease is chen the error of mind (2). There is no disease creation (3). When the mind comes to understand it, cure (4) is effected. 2. Answer: (1) house; (2) building; (3) food; (4) together Solution “The text compares various types of food materials required, to building materials required for constructing a house (1). Like building (2) materials, chese food (3) materials need to be put together (4). 3. Answer: (1) good: (2) mistakes (3) best; (4) gold (5) abandons Solution “The text explains the importance of good name (1) of good character, particularly for the youth, Iewill be a mistake (2) to ignore its importance. This is the best (3) capital chat one can start withs better than gold (4), for even money abandons (5), reputation (For good character) stays. 4, Answer: (1) civie; (2) garbages (3) insensitive; (4) neighbors Solution “The text is about the various civic (1) amenities provided in gated communities. Civic problems like power-curs, sewerage, garbage; (2) are virtually non-existent, Having neighbors; (4) of your ‘own type also enables sharing of sensibilities in his insensitive; (3) world, 5, Answer: (1) debt; (2) banner; (3) preserving, Solution “The text is about how much the American intellectual growth owes (1) to the revolutionary immi- grants. They are the ones that held aloft che banner (2) of liberty, even while preserving (3) their own individualityANSWERS TO PTE MOCK TESTS Reading and Writing: Fill in the Blanks 1. Answer: (1) appeared; (2) holds; (3) bieterly; (4) jewel; (5) distinguish Solution “The text describes the entry of Buddhism in China, bitter opposition from Taoism, and gradual ‘merging of their identities. Buddhism appeared (1) in China in the third century BC and slowly began to take hold (2). Ie was bitterly (3) opposed by Taoism. Subsequently wo religions bor- rowed from each other; Buddhism borrowing the jewel (4) of wisdom, Taoism only the stone (6) or the base things. 2, Answer: (1) suppressed (2) desires (3) stimuli (4) rejected (5) analysis Solution ‘The text describes Freud's theory about dreams being expression of suppressed (1) desires (2), the suppression becoming the stimuli (3) to these dreams. He rejected (4) dreams being symbolic interpretations and suggested self-analysis to interpret dreams. 3. Answer: (1) purpose; (2) convincing; (3) persuasion; (4) lacking Solution ‘The text describes how an argument is won. The purpose (1) of the argument is to make others accept your point of view. If you have conviction, you can convince (2) others. Ifyou lack practical touch or the logic is lacking (4), you ery persuasion (3). 4. Answer: (1) constituent; (2) synthesis (3) government; (4) territory; (5) tangible Solution The text secks to define nation or nationalism. It is something over and above its constituent (1) elements, and it works these elements into a higher synthesis (2). People must be organized (3) under one government (3) and divelling in a distinct territory (4). Sovereignty and physical frontiers are tangible(S) attributes, (ME oPart-3_usTeninc ‘Summarize Spoken Text 1. Suggested Answer: Black hole is a region of space with huge amount of mass present in small area, and having gravitational field so strong that it even pulls in light; hence, the name black hole. Black holes cannot bbe seen except through their interaction with the mattcr around them. They are classified on the basis oftheir size as well as their angular momentum. They are mostly rotating type. (67 words) 2. Suggested Answer: ‘Though social life, consisting of friendships, associations and engagements, is supposedly the spring of life, it is the most endan, today’s fase paced world. We are leading a segmented ‘existence without fellow-feeling. There also are class divisions, with the poor not left with much time from theie grinding economic existence, and the rich quite remore. Then class hatred comes naturally. (61 words)PTE ADVANTAGE 3. Suggested Answer: Leading to the November elections, the central tenets of Republican philosophy came under attack from within the partys ranks, First Steve Forbes, and then Pac Buchanan, attacked the party's central philosophy of class warfare, terming the capitalist, rather than the government, as the culprit. They wanted government to take affirmative action ro protect the ordinary American from hire and fire, and other exploitative practices of the capitalist. (67 words) Muttiple-Choice, Choose Multiple Answers 1. Answer: (5, 6) “Overexposure to the sun's rays can cause melanoma, which is a form of skin cancer.“ 2. Answer: (1, 5) “That is why in all ages and in all cultures, wise men religiously kepe records of such celestial events, as much as they kept record of the ‘accompanying’ earthly events” Fill in the Blanks 1. Answer: (1) generation (2) challenges (3) incorporate (4) sure (5) transivory (6) physical 2. Answer: (1) myth (2) vegetation (3) plant (4) evidence (5) sedimentary 3. Answer: (1) Geologists (2) eruptions (3) composition (4) beneath (5) to Highlight the Correct Summary 1. Answer: (3) Option 2 is invalidated by “the highest mid-sea peak”. Option (1) is invalidated by “Greece has the largest number of islands 2s well as mountains and mountain ranges in Europe”, 2, Answer: (4) Option 1 is invalidated by “, including cancers of the head and neck”; option (2) by “but throat and lip cancers have different origins”; option (3) by “the direct result of substance abuse”. Multiple Choice, Choose Single Answer 1. Answer: (3) “Contrary to popular belief, che number of muscle fibers can't be increased through exercise. Instead the muscle cells get bigger.” 2, Answer: (3) “...should create and uphold values ... we should understand what the greater good Isand act likewise ww defend it.” Out of the options given, this is the only proactive approach 3. Answer: (4) “But he can have no consciousness except as a bit from the vast inherited accumula tion of the past of his ancescors, of the entire race, steps forth to meet a new environment.” Select Missing Word 1. Answer: (concern’) ‘Two major areas of concern (in reference to information security). 2, Answer: church’) His teachings are unorthodox and against che church doctrine.ANSWERS TO PTE MOCK TESTS ae Highlight Incorrect Words 1, Incorrect Words: formulates, maximum, busts, skeleton, contain Correct Words: stimulates, maximal, bursts, Skeletal, sustain 2, Incorrect Words: carly, categorized, short, gained, modelism Correct Words: late, characterized, brief, regained, modernism 3. Incorrect Words: evolve, contributed, psychological, freshening, demarcate Correct Words: involve, attributed, psychiatric, refreshing, dfferentiae Write from Dictation - Items 1 to 4 ‘Note: | Refer to answers/solucions in the transcripts provided at the end of the book. Hae PART-1 SPEAKING AND WRITING Describe Image 1. Suggested Answer: “The vertical axis of the bar graph represents the percentage of teenagers and their parents, and the horizontal axis represents the number of Internet friends they have. Ie can be seen that as many as 54% of the parents but only 40% of the teenagers have fewer than 100 Interner friends. On the other hand, only 3% of the parents but as many as 7% of the teenagers have more chan 500 Internet friends. Thus, we can conclude that teenagers have in general greater number of Internet friends than their parents have, though almost half the populace ~ teenagers as well as theie parents — have between 100 and 500 Internet friends. 2. Suggested Answer: ‘The owin bar graphs represent the gender as well as educational profiles of users of the social networking website [Link]. There is not much of a difference in the gender profile because male and female users are almosc evenly distributed. But the educational profile is a bit more pronounced, the undergraduates, having ‘some college’ plus ‘bachelor degree’, being the predominant user group. These two groups account for over 55% of the users. Ir has to be admitted, however, that the website has considerable appeal among school pass-outs as well as graduate degree holders. To conclude, we can say that che appeal of [Link] is fairly distributed among various gender and educational groups. 3. Suggested Answer: The line graph represents the number of male and female employees in a small organization, during the years 2003-2008. Two important features of the graph stand out. One is thar this organization operates in a dynamic environment where number of employees on its rolls keepsWET Fre 20 vantace going up or down, depending perhaps on market situation. Another feature is that, at all times, the organization has a greater number of female employees than male employees. There is even a time in the year 2005, when there is no male employee and all the 20 employees are female. 4, Suggested Answer: “The twin bar graphs show the change in percentage of children studying in primary and secondary schools in urban and rural areas, over a 17-year period, 1992 to 2008. The percentage of children aged 7-14, studying in primary schools in urban areas, was always very high. It progressed to near 100% in the year 2008. A remarkable improvement is also observed in the case of primary schools in rural areas where the percentage of children rose from 65% to match the percentage in urban primary schools. However, this is not the case with secondary schools where a significant differ- cence in the proportion of students, aged 14-17, studying in rural and urban secondary schools is observed all throughout, each time with a slightly greater difference. The percentage of seudents in secondary schools has barely progressed from around 20% to around 55% in the case of urban areas, and from under 5% to just over 35% in rural areas. 5. Suggested Answer: ‘The twin pie-charts compare the sources of finance for poultry farmers during the years 2014 and 2015. ‘There is a10% increase in the total amount financed year on year, the amount touching almost $2.50 million for the year 2014. During the year, the proportion financed by TSPFB and. ‘others’ has increased substantially, from 52% and 2.8%, co 60% and 11.4%, respectively. The financing from other sources has correspondingly reduced, from 45.2% to 28.6%. 6. Suggested Answer: “The image shows the country map of Australia, along with its division into six continental states or territories, namely, Western Australia, Northern Territory, South Australia, Queensland, New South Wales and Victoria. The map also shows the island state or territory of Tasmania. Also marked are some major cities, one in each state or territory. The star-marked city of Canberra in New South Wales perhaps represents the capical of Australia. A peculiarity of all the major cities shown, except Canberra, is that they are located at the coast. Australia is surrounded on three sides by the Indian Ocean, and has Coral Sea to the North-east and Tasman Sea to the South-east. Re-tell Lecture 1. Suggested Answer: “The lecture scems to conclude that people chat consider themselves lucky are indeed more likely to come by strokes of luck than are people that consider themselves unlucky. According to the hypothesis, supposedly supported by some research work, this might be due to the fact that the former are more likely co be relaxed 50 as to be able to spot the opportunity before the latter ones that remain rense, So, if you want to be lucky, you better change your outlook towards luck 2. Suggested Answer: “The leceute is about tooth sensitivity thar is more common among the elderly. But if the problem is so common, the treatment, even the prevention, is equally easy. Tooth sensitivity is indicaced ‘exposure of the middle layer of our teeth, called dentin, due to any number of reasons. One such reason is hard brushing of one’ teeth, particularly if the tooth paste is highly abrasive. The[ANSWERS TO PTE MOCK TESTS 37 solution lies in desisting from this causative factor, that is, using soft brush and less abrasive toothpaste. 3. Suggested Answer: “Though the lecture begins with a mention of Egypt as possibly a tract of fertile rain-washed land amidst vast tracts of barren land, it quickly changes focus to the factors that determine the frequency and the quantum of rainfall in a particular region. Combined influence is exerted by warmth of the climate and proximiry to the equator as well as to che mountains and the seas, apart from other factors such as the character and quality of the winds and the soils, Answer Short Question 1. Colleague 2. Dictatorship 3. Transparent 4. Honorary 5. Laboratory 6. Astronomy 7. Swarm 8. Nest 9. Mare 10. Decade / A Decade Summarize Written Text 1. Suggested Answer: Since Britain and France initially ignored the buildup of German armed forces and considered it as an effective counter against the spread of communism, Hitler fele emboldened to occupy Rhineland and even Austria under the guise of reclamation or unification of German speaking territories 2. Suggested Answer: Cloning of human embryos might have a scientific meric but is dubious on moral and ethical grounds for such embryos may well be cloned in future to create human-animal hybrids, a slave race for harvesting organs, or such other questionable practices. 3. Suggested Answer: British political system is relatively corruption-free, thanks to the macho British media that has not left unexposed any wrongdoing, even at the cost of being charged for picking up scoops to feed their news slots and misguiding the general public in the process. Write Essay 1, Suggested Tips: The extensive use of internet across the world for all types of intellectual work... Ifyou can sit and work on the internet at your work station, you can as well do it at home... Many areMETI Fe A0vanTace already doing it...Even the meetings can be and are being conducted through online conferencing... “Then the work place of future will lose much of their relevance... Imagine how much change will it bring to the work culture and social sec up... no wasteful commuting to and fro for work...no hhuge office complexes at expensive locations; no crowding immediately before and after the working hours... performance measured not by number of hours put in but by the results achieved... parents able to cake better care for children... créches losing much of their relevance... but that will also pethaps make life more monotonous... not having to go anywhere for work... people will perhaps yearn to just go our. (MM part-2 READING Multiple-Choice, Choose gle Answer 1. Answer: (3) ‘...the one that is well informed, flexible and quick to adapt wins... cohesive groups . that can work together as a team.’ 2, Answer: (4) “The pendulum has swung once again, but many believe that che values upheld by the country for so long would not let it remain where itis, for long.’ This means that the pendulum has swung from good to bad. 3. Answer: (1) ‘In Shakespearean days, marriage was considered a sacred bond and a source of eternal bliss; but today...” Multiple-Choice, Choose Multiple Answers 1. Answer: (3, 5) ‘Mouth going dry’ is not a cause, but an effect (thirst). “Turmoil” here is linked vwith tension: ‘in times of turmoil and tension one loses the desire co cat. 2, Answer: (2, 4) ‘Wasting their dollars’ is clearly stared. Yet this does not justify 1, for if something is really healthful, cost need not matter so much. Ic is nowhere stated that they do not have enough nutrients. ‘Unaware of the side effects’ is also clearly stated. Re-order Paragraphs 1. Answer: (4, 2, 3, 1, 5) There are four sentences about ‘standard of education’ chat need to be placed together. The sentence about standard of security needs to be kept at the end, because of the use of ‘also. ‘A standard! will begin the paragraph, followed by ‘there are two', and then followed by ‘firstly’ and ‘secondly’ 2. Answer: (3, 2, 4, 1) There are two sentences about ‘rustic’ one about rustic life and the other about rustic, the man. ‘The sentence about rustic life has to begin the discussions (There is some- “The one about rustic the man follows. The last sentence (1) explains ‘why itis sad” (4). 3, Answer: (1, 3, 4, 2)'He in (3) refers to ‘man’ in (1). Hence, the 1-3 link. ‘his passionate desire strong men are pitted against each other’ in (4) refers to ‘comparing one man's strength with another's’ in (3). Hence, the 3-4 link. (2) is the last sentence that takes the contest from men to nations.ANSWERS TO PTE MOCK TESTS. a Reading: Fill in the Blanks 1. Answer: (1) irreverent; 2) lose; (3) boarding-house; (4) economic Solution Overall the text is about a modern home decaying as an institution because of our materialistic approach. “The first blank needs to discuss an ill of the modern home; so ‘irreverent’ children’ makes sense, The second blank needs to use a negative adjective for motives; so ‘lost motive? ‘makes sense. With all thes ills, the home becomes a cheap ‘boarding house’ (3). The last sentence concludes that happiness depends on home and family, not so much on money (economic parameters). Answer: (1) require; (2) asking; (3) problem; (4) devotion; (5) minds Solution (Overall the text tell us that itis not the books and buildings but the teachers that make a school and are difficult to find. The money will get all that we ‘require’ (1), except good reachers. The ‘material possessions will come for the ‘asking’ (2). The ‘problem’ (3) isto get the teachers of ‘devo tion’ (4) who can leave a lasting impression on young ‘minds’ (5). 3. Answer: (1) inspiration; (2) social; (3) salvation; (4) literature Solution Overall the text cells us how modern Japan has drawn its culeural values from three great religions as well as from three sources of literature. The ‘inspiration’ (1) for paeriotism has been drawn from Shinto, ethical and ‘social’ (2) life from Confucius, hopes of ‘salvation’ (3) from Buddhism. They have drawn as much from Buddhist shastras, Chinese clasics and ancient Japanese ‘literarut’ (4). 4. Answer: (1) determination; (2) lucky; (3) makings (4) odds Solution Overall the text cells us that the only way to success is ‘determination’ (1) and persistence. Success ccomes not from being ‘lucky’ (2) but from not giving up from ‘making’ (3) efforts, agains all ‘odds (4). 5. Answer: (1) serve; (2) pleasure; (3) mistake; (4) new Solution Overall the texe tells us that craft is not so much about art as about purpose. A piece of craft should ‘serve’ (1) its purpose. Art and craft should give aot only ‘pleasure’ (2) but also utility Considering this as less important would be a ‘mistake’ (3). Only originality is not art. Arc should produce grace even ificis not ‘new’ (4). 2, Reading and Writing: Fill in the Blanks 1. Answer: (1) Intelligence; (2) desirable; (3) will; (4) well-being; (5) spectator; (6) indispensable Solution “The text describes good character and good will as central to enjoyment of talents of the mind and gifts of fortune. The fitst sentence enumerates talents of the mind. The only talent of the mind, among the given options, to fill blank (1), is ‘intelligence’. ‘Good and! is a clue to fil the blank: (2). The only adjective that goes with good quality is ‘desirable’. Blank (3) needs the filler ‘will,PTE ADVANTAGE 2. . Answer: (1) conception; (2) thermal; (3) imagine; (4) unsuited; (5) terrestrial to complete ‘if the willis not good”. General ‘well-being’ (4) and contentment is called happiness. “The sight of a being’ is the clue for blank (5). The sight is for the ‘spectator’. So, good will is an «essential or ‘indispensable’ condition for being worthy of happiness. “Answer: (1) revolutionary; (2) theories; (3) evolution; (4) originated; (5) protection; (6) retreats Solution 7) “The text states overall that Darwin's theory of Natural Selection brought about revolutionary changes in philosophical thought as well as theory of evolution. Blank (1) is easily filled. Old ‘theories’ (2) and ideas were dropped. The history of ‘evolution’ (3) of life revealed interesting facts Life appears to have ‘originated’ (4) in water. Purpose of the shells was ‘protection’ (5) from predators. Shells were used as ‘setreats' (6) to back off from danger. Solution v "The text cries to theorize that life on other planets or heavenly bodies might evolve, even if conditions are entirely unsuitable for earthly species to survive. Ifwe get ro know thae there is life on che ~ ‘sun, which as per the prevalenc ‘conception’ (1) is the centre of intense ‘thermal (2) action, all our ideas of life will fll flac. This is because we cannot ‘imagine (3) life on the sun, though we might ~ imagine life on the planets, even if their ‘environment’ is ‘unsuited’ (4) for ‘terrestrial (5) life. ‘Answer: (1) harm; (2) bodies; (3) landfills; (4) warming; (5) poses Solution Y “The text discusses various types of pollution that harms the environment. Blank (1) is easy to fill Sewage pollutes water bodies and kills fish in these ‘bodies (2). Solid waste dumped in the ‘landfills (3) causes land pollution. Greenhouse effect is warming’ (4) the earth. Depletion of ozone layer ‘poses’ (5) health risks ~ . Answer: (1) deceptive; (2) portraying; (3) materialistic; (4) overlooks; (5) need: (6) marketing Solution “The text is about the arguments of the anti-ad activists. The ‘deceptive’ (1) ads defraud the consumer by ‘portraying’ (2) a low-quality product as high quality. These ads also promote ‘materialistic (3) lifestyles. The consumer gets so much influenced by the ad that he ‘overlooks’ (4) quality ~ of the actual product. ‘The ads create want, where there is no ‘need’ and many consumers get influenced by the ‘marketing’ (6) rhetoric. oart-3 LisTENING u Summarize Spoken Text oe 1. Suggested Answer: ¥ We are still to understand the impact of interplay of factors influencing weather conditions, and so, are unable to make predictions with any measure of precision or accuracy. Take, for instance, predictions on global warming, Scientists have been known to eat their words. Even the tise in _, Barth's temperature over che last century, may have much to do with these diverse natural factors, than with man-made greenhouse effect. (68 words) YANSWERS TO PTE MOCK TESTS eo _~ 2 Suggested Answer: Rainwater-harvesting, the conscious collection of rainwater ro meet our domestic and other needs > during lean periods has several other uses. For instance, it helps recharge the underground water and checks depletion of water table. Ie also helps check soil erosion. Though community partici- © pation and tradicional methods have helped somewhat, much more needs to be done to mect agriculeural needs co feed the burgeoning human population. (65 words) 3. Suggested Answer: “The suffering from pscudo-nausea or pseudo-nervousness or pseudo anything, is as real as in the case of the corresponding physical ailment. The only difference is that here the brain is acting up. -\ _ Buticis the brain that feels any pain or suffering, So, whatever the cause, the effect is the same. All chat matters is that the brain feels and ehat is pain, suffering and discomfort. (67 words) _~ Multiple-Choice, Choose Multiple Answers 1. Answer: (1, 4) oO ‘The transfer of abiotic components, except oxygen (exhaling) and energy (food chain) from pro- _ ducers to consumers is nowhere discussed. 2. Answer: (3, 4, 5) Thick tail is nowhere discussed; nor is non-backbone extended. _. Fillin the Blanks 1. Answer: (1) medicine; (2) thrive; (3) desirable; (4) Examiner; (5) sonnet © 2 Answer: (1) engagement; (2) launcheds (3) embedded; (4) whites (5) concentrate 3. Answer: (1) confirmed; (2) demonstrated; (3) accurate; (4) soul; (5) speculative; (6) assured > Highlight Correct Summary 1. Answer: (1) Option 2 is invalidated by “intuition is best expressed through God”, Option 3 is invalidated by "An artist perfects his art chrough intuition” Option 4 is invalidated by “intuition ° that isthe mark of a genius” 2, Answer: (3) Option 1 is invalidated by “abundant tll only a century ago”. Option 2 is invalidated oO by “cruelly and barbarically killed by ... foolish farmers”. Option 4 is invalidated by “luxurious flora and fauna”. 3. Answer: (2) Option | is invalidated by “sharing different goals’. Option 3 is invalidated by “not a by sharing the same goals, but by constant communication and keeping each other in the know what they are up to”. Multiple-Choice, Choose Single Answer 1. Answer: (3) Option | is invalidated by “never ct know”. ized”. Option 4 is invalidated by “let peoplePTE ADVANTAGE 2. Answer: (4) Option 1 is a minor point. Option (4) seeks co justify human conceit. Option 3 is invalidated by “lets his greed rake the better of him’. 3. Answer: (3) Option 1 mentions only the swings. Option 2 is one-sided about past and about future. So, too is option 4. Select Missing Word 1. Answer: (why?) Men of experience do not know why, while the men of leters do. 2. Answer: (rock) The scientific mind studies how the mud was converted into a rock. 3. Answer: (bottle) The preceding sentence is “By the end of his tall he’s gotten his gullible audience to affix the labels to the bottles”. Highlight Incorrect Words 1. Incorrect Words: truly, prescribe, responsible, act, ability Correct Words: uniquely, ascribe, responsive, react, capacity 2. Incorrect Words: trick, required, confusion, significant, weak, clue Correct Words: gimmick, requisite, conclusion, insignificant, vague, cue 3. Incorrect Words: application, interest, revolution, dependency, confusion, inferiority Correct Words: implication, intellect, evolution, ascendancy, conclusion, inferiorly Write from Dictation - Items 1 to 4 Note: | Refer to answers/solutions in the transcripts provided at the end of the book.. About the Exam IS UTA UNTHeLeMOD MEU SLL). Inside the Book Rc ae til

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