Prepare Approximate estimate of School, Auditorium hall, Hostel, Hospital
Approximate estimate:
The approximate estimate is done in order to find out an approximate cost in
very short time before starting the project. The estimation is made before
selecting the final specification and design of the project. This method is also
known as preliminary or rough estimate.
Purpose of approximate estimate:
1. To evaluate the cost of a project in short time.
2. To evaluate the difference between several options.
3. To check the final cost of the project that is calculated by detailed
estimation.
Methods of Approximate Estimate:
A. Plinth Area Method:
This estimation is done by selecting the price of 1 square meter area of a
building. It is mainly adopted for calculating the cost of following buildings:
Office Buildings.
Residential Buildings.
School Buildings.
Apartment/Flat Buildings.
Hospitals.
This method is considered as the best method for calculating the cost of new
buildings.
In case of multi-storeyed buildings, the following assumptions are to be
considered for the estimation.
1. For 1 square meter area, the cost of all the floors with basement and roof
are in equal costs.
2. The cost of the basement is 60% of the floor.
3. The cost of the roof is 40% of the floors.
EAC: 22503 1
Prepare Approximate estimate of School, Auditorium hall, Hostel, Hospital
B. Cubic Meter Method:
This method gives more exact result comparatively than the square meter
method.
1. For 1 meter cube area the costs of all floors are equal in costs.
2. The cost of the basement is 60% of the cost of different floors.
The volume of the floor is determined as
Volume = Area × Height of one floor
The height of one floor is found out by the following guidelines:
1. Ground Floor: The height of ground floor is calculated from the top of the
footing to the middle of the parapet.
2. First Floor: The height of the first floor is calculated from the ground rooftop
to the middle of the parapet.
3. Other Floors: The heights of other floors are calculated from floor to floor.
Besides these methods, there are some other approximate methods such as
1. Cost comparison method.
2. Unit rate method.
3. Approximate quantities with bill method.
4. Bay method.
5. The cost of materials and labour method.
C. Typical Bay Method
This method is useful for application to framed structures consisting of a
number of similar bays, as for example, industrial buildings. A typical interior
bay (between two successive columns) is selected and its total cost worked
out.
Then, the approximate cost of building = Number of bays in the building x cost
of one bay.
EAC: 22503 2
Prepare Approximate estimate of School, Auditorium hall, Hostel, Hospital
Suitable correction factors may have to be used to take into account the
dissimilarities in end-bay (and in different floors, if applied to multi storey
construction).
D. Approximate Quantity Method Cost Estimate
In approximate quantity method cost estimate, Total wall length of the
structure is measured and this length is multiplied by the rate per running
meter which gives the cost of the building. Rate per running meter is calculated
separately for foundation and superstructure.
In case of foundation, the rate per running meter is decided by considering
quantities such as excavation cost, brickwork cost up to plinth. While in case of
superstructure quantities like brickwork for the wall, wood works, floor
finishing etc. are considered for deciding rate per running meter.
E. The Service Unit Method
Buildings are constructed to serve a specific purpose. For example hospitals
are designed to accommodate certain number of beds. Each bed is then
considered a service unit. Hotels are designed to accommodate certain
number of guest rooms. Each guest room is considered a service unit. Same
applies to offices, residential houses etc. Whenever a building is constructed
the Engineer or the architect keeps the record of the place, actual cost,
number of service units, and the year of construction. From this record, it is
possible to work out the cost per service unit. This cost is then adjusted to
account for inflation, and peculiarities of the project under consideration. Then
the adjusted cost per service unit is simply multiplied by the number of service
units in the proposed project to get an approximate cost estimate.
EAC: 22503 3
Prepare Approximate estimate of School, Auditorium hall, Hostel, Hospital
1. Estimate for School building
1) The cost of construction of school building is 2.50 crores for a capacity of
600 students and area of construction is 1600 m^2. Prepare approximate
estimate of newly proposed school building for 1500 students with the area of
5000 m^2. Use Plinth Area method
Solution:
Rate of Plinth Area of existing school building = 25000000÷1600
= 15625Rs/m^2
Then,
The approximate cost of newly proposed school building Plinth
= Total plinth Area of proposed building X Cost per area of similar existing
building
= 15625 X 50000
= 7.8125 crores
2) The cost of construction of school building is 4 crores for a capacity of 1200
students and area of construction is 3200 m^2. Prepare approximate estimate
of newly proposed school building for 3000 students with the area of
1000m^2. Use Plinth Area method
Solution:
Rate of Plinth Area of existing school building = 40000000÷3200
= 12500Rs/m^2
Then, The approximate cost of newly proposed school building Plinth
= Total plinth Area of proposed building X Cost per area of similar existing
building
= 12500 X 10000
= 125000000 crores
EAC: 22503 4
Prepare Approximate estimate of School, Auditorium hall, Hostel, Hospital
2. Approximate Estimate for Auditorium Hall
1) Prepare approximate of Auditorium Hall building having Plinth Area 1500
m^2.
Plinth Area rate – 4000Rs per m^2
Water supply and sanitary installation – 5% of cost of building
Electric installation – 10% of cost of building
Other services – 5% of cost of building
Contingencies – 3% of overall cost of building
Super vision charges – 8% of overall cost of building
Solution:
Cost of Auditorium Hall = plinth Area X Rate
= 1500m^2 X 4000 Rs
= 6000000
Cost of water supply and sanitation installation = (5÷100) X 6000000
= 300000
Electric installation = (10÷100) X 6000000
= 600000
Other services = (5÷100) X 6000000
= 300000
Contingencies = (3÷100) X [60 lakh+ 3 lakh + 6 lakh + 3 lakh]
= 0.03 X 72 lakh
= 216000 (2 lakh 16 thousand)
Supervision charge = (8÷100) X 72 lakh
= 576000
Approximate estimate of town hall = 72 lakh + 2 lakh 16 thousand + 5 lakh 76
thousand = 79.92 lakh
EAC: 22503 5
Prepare Approximate estimate of School, Auditorium hall, Hostel, Hospital
2) Prepare approximate of Auditorium Hall building having Plinth Area 2200
m^2.
Plinth Area rate – 3500Rs per m^2
Water supply and sanitary installation – 3 % of cost of building
Electric installation – 8 % of cost of building
Other services – 5% of cost of building
Contingencies – 2 % of overall cost of building
Super vision charges – 4 % of overall cost of building
Solution:
Cost of Auditorium Hall = plinth Area X Rate
= 2200 m^2 X 3500Rs
= 7700000
Cost of water supply and sanitation installation = (3÷100) X 7700000
= 231000
Electric installation = (8÷100) X 7700000
= 616000
Other services
= (5÷100) X 7700000
= 385000
Contingencies = (2÷100) X [7700000+231000 + 616000 + 385000]
= 178640
Supervision charge = (4 ÷100) X 178640
= 71456
Approximate estimate of Auditorium Hall = 8932000 + 178640 + 71456
= 9182096 Lakh
EAC: 22503 6
Prepare Approximate estimate of School, Auditorium hall, Hostel, Hospital
3. Approximate Estimate for Hospital building
1) A hospital building of 150 beds is constructed in Talegoan the cost of
construction of RS 5 crore. Find the approximate Estimate of a small hospital of
35 beds in the similar locality by using service unit method
Solution:
Rate per service unit = (cost of construction÷ number of beds)
= 50000000 ÷ 150
= Rs 333333.33 per bed
Approximate cost of newly proposed hospital of 35 beds
= Number of beds X Rate per bed
= 35 X 333333.33
= RS.11666666.66
2) A hospital building of 200 beds is constructed in Pune the cost of
construction of RS 7 crore. Find the approximate Estimate of a small hospital of
45 beds in the similar locality by using service unit method
Solution:
Rate per service unit = (cost of construction÷ number of beds)
= 70000000 ÷ 200
= Rs.350000 per bed
Approximate cost of newly proposed hospital of 35 beds
= Number of beds X Rate per bed
= 45 X 350000
= Rs.15750000
EAC: 22503 7
Prepare Approximate estimate of School, Auditorium hall, Hostel, Hospital
4. Approximate Estimate for hostel building
1) A hostel building for 150 students is constructed in Pune the cost of
construction is RS 6 crore. Find the approximate estimate of a newly proposed
hostel building of 250 students in the similar locality by using service unit
method
Solution:
Rate per service unit = (cost of construction÷ number of students)
= 60000000 ÷ 150
= RS.400000
Approximate cost of newly proposed hostel building for 250 students
= Number of students X Rate per student
= 250 X 400000
= RS.100000000
2) A hostel building for 200 students is constructed in Pune the cost of
construction is RS 8 crore. Find the approximate estimate of a newly proposed
hostel building of 300 students in the similar locality by using service unit
method
Solution:
Rate per service unit = (cost of construction÷ number of students)
= 80000000 ÷ 200
= 400000
Approximate cost of newly proposed hostel building for 300 students
= Number of students X Rate per student
= 300 X 400000
= RS.120000000
EAC: 22503 8
Prepare Approximate estimate of School, Auditorium hall, Hostel, Hospital
Conclusion:
This guidance is provided to support the preparation and revision of
approximate estimates, with the intent of ensuring that the approximate
estimates provide a useful project management tool. Nevertheless, judgment
must be applied when preparing project approximate estimates and specialist
guidance should be sought where necessary—for instance, in identifying
project cost categories, or determining appropriate physical and price
contingencies.
The above methods are useful in preparing approximate estimate for any type
of work.
EAC: 22503 9
