Chapter 1

Background of the Study

Introduction

Education begins at home. The responsibility to socialize and educate

children is one of the obligation of parents. We all know that parents have their

big roles in molding their children for the better future, parents are the first

teachers who taught us first how to read and write. They are the one who mold

us to be a person of who we are today. As we age, parents have been your

supporter in our achievements in life and even keep us pursue the good work in

our academic performance.

Parental involvement in school as defined as parent reported participation

at least one during the school year. It is a combination of commitment and active

participation on the part of the parent to the school and to the student. It is known

to be indeed with improved behavior, regular attendance and positive attitude. In

addition, parental involvement impacts student’s academics. It makes the

children to appreciate the importance of education and help them to understand

that what they are doing has a purpose.

Challenges are part of a student life; it can be caused by the subjects of

the pressure from peers. The help from parents of each student is not just a

responsibility but an obligation that a parent is obliged to do. The kind of support

and help could just mean that a parent is concerned to what his/her child is going

1
thru. It is good for a student to become aware, knowing that their parent is there

althroughout their academic life would be a good thing not only for their attitude

but more importantly to their academic performance.

According to National Center of Education Statistics, the involvement of

parents in the academic’s life of the student is an indicator of a good

performance. The help from educators, researchers, child care providers will also

help. Childhood performance is based on encouragement of parents to their

children to make a good study habit at school and will also enhance

communication between parents and teachers.

According to Amponsan [Link], (2018), parents have distinct advantage

over anyone else in that they can provide a more stable and continuously

positive influence that could enhance and complement what the school fosters on

their children successful students have strong academic support from their

involved parents. Strong positive school-home relationship improves students

learning and achievements in school.

The studies show that parental involvement helps their children in

improving their academic performance as well as improving themselves. The

more active the involvement of parents in their child’s academics, the better their

academic performance. Parents were committed in supporting their child and

encouraged them to do better at school, with that, we can see that parental

involvement is a significant factor in their child’s academic. Parents who

participate in their child’s school activities also builds bond with school.

2
 Parental involvement is very important in a student’s life. Parent were

committed in supporting their children since their children were small until their

children were going to school. Parental involvements keeps their children

motivated and focus on their academics with the help of parents, children gets

better grades and increase student’s success rate in school. Strong positive bond

between parents and schools have an important role in the development and

education of children.

3
Statement of the Problem

The purpose of this study is to show the effects of parental involvement on the

academic performance of high school students that lead to their academics.

1. How does parental involvement affect students on their academic

performance?
2. How does a parent encourage their child to perform productively in class?
3. In what way does a parent involve themselves in their child’s academic

performance?
4. What are the effects of parental involvement on the student’s personal

behavior?
5. How can parents be more efficient when it comes to student’s academic

performance?

Hypotheses

The following hypotheses are generated by the researcher and were

tested in this study:

1. There is a significant relationship between parental involvement and

the performance of students in school.

2. Parental involvement causes students to be more focus on their

studies.
3. Students can perform productively in school when they have a good

relationship with their parents

4. Parental involvement through encouraging and disciplining their child

may help them to perform well in school.

5. Active parental involvement leads better achievement in their

academics.

4
Scope and Delimitation

The researchers conduct this study to high school students of University of

Batangas Lipa City. The aim of this study is to inform the students on what are

the importances of parental involvement on their studies.

The study will also distinguish and provide knowledge on the effect of

Parental Involvement on Academic Performance of High school students from

University of Batangas Lipa City. The main source of data was the survey

questionnaire which was prepared by the researchers. It was distribute to one

hundred (100) students from the chosen school. This research paper will also

supply some information from various sources that can help the researchers

produce a successful outcome.

Significance of the Study

This study wants to determine how parents show their involvement on the

academic performance of the students. This research is significant to the

following:

5
 For the Students, for them to become aware on how parent’s involvement

can affect their academic performance.

For the Teachers, to be more considerate on their students and provides

needed help for them to do better in their academic performance.

For the Parents, so that they would understand how important is their

involvement in their children’s performance and be more enlightened with its

positive effects on them

For the Present Researchers, so that they would determine the effects of

parental involvement in students.

For the Future Researchers, to give them some information that could help

them analyzes how parental involvement helps the students in the future.

Conceptual Framework

Input

 Grade 9 and 10
Students of
University of

6
 Batangas Lipa Process Throughout
Campus Retrieval of data from
 Survey the survey
Questionnaire questionnaire Output
Effects of Parental

Involvement in

Academic

Performance of High

school students.

Definition of Terms
Gratitude - the quality of being thankful; readiness to show appreciation

for and to return kindness.

Premises - a house or building, together with its land and outbuildings,

occupied by a business or considered in an official context.

Positive Attitude - is something that goes deeper and has an effect

beyond surface cheer.

Enlightened - having or showing a rational, modern, and well-informed outlook.
Integral parts - is very important or necessary.
Nation Building - is the process through which these majorities are

constructed.
Predictor - a person or thing that predicts that something will happen in

the future or will be a consequence of something.

Transition - the process or a period of changing from one state or

condition to another.
Tremendously - to a very great extent.

7
 Human Capital Development - the collective skills, knowledge, or other

intangible assets of individuals that can be used to create economic

value for the individuals, their employers, or their community:

Endowments - the action of endowing something or someone.
Peer - look keenly or with difficulty at someone or something.
Distinct Advantage - When something is distinct, it is easily identifiable or

set apart from others of its kind.

Chapter 2
Review of Related Literature

This chapter presents the related literature and studies after the

thorough and is depth research done by the researchers this will also present the

synthesis of the art and conceptual framework to fully understand the research to

be the done and lastly the definition of terms for better comprehensive of the

study

The effect of parental on student academic achievement has been

recognize by teachers, administrators, and policy makers who consider parental

involvement to be one of the integral parts of new educational reforms and

initiatives. The results indicated that the relationship between parental

involvement and academic achievement was positive regardless of a definition of

parental involvement of massive of achievement. Furthermore, the findings

rebuild that the relationship was strongest if parental involvement was defined as

parental expectations for academic achievement of the children.

According to Chiuri, (2009), primary education plays important role in

human capital development which cannot be understand. It has been

documented that education develops peoples abilities to participate excellently in

8
nation building, improving health care and nutrition as well as decreasing fertility

and infant mortality

Parents are important in providing environments, social and economic

factors which have powerful effects on student’s academic lives. It’s been

documented that parents readiness to contact teachers about their children’s

improvement possibly the first step to becoming involve in education Eviara

(2010)

Research by consistently indicated that parental involvement is integral

to high student academic achievement. According to Dietel, (2011), a parent

involvement in their child’s education is the single most important predictor of

student academic success. Henderson and Mepp (2015) concluded that parents

have a major influence on their children’s achievement in school and through life

when parents are involve in their child education, students of all backgrounds

and levels are found to perform better in academic work and extracurricular

activities, research has also known that parental involvement tends to develop

during the transition from a primary to junior and senior high school. The

transition also corresponds to the largest drop in student achievement (Tonh,

2016).

There are other attempts at defining parental involvement in school.

Traditional definitions are limited to school-related activities, and sociologists

have made the distinction between home-based activities and school-based

9
activities (Sui-Chu, 2016). The motivation of better education outcomes for the

child is common to most attempts at defining parental involvement by education

scholars.

According to Todd, (2017), The first uses observational data with a clear

preference for nationally representative surveys to estimate structurally the

parameters of an education production function. The usual simplifying

assumption is that the approximately linear in the inputs and in the unobserved

endowments. The estimation of returns is still challenging because some inputs

are missing in datasets and observed inputs.

Parental involvement is broadly defined as “parental participation in the

educational experiences of their children”, so it includes both school-based and

home-based involvement. The importance of parental involvement in improving

educational outcomes for children was recognized by the New Zealand Ministry

of Education through publication of the Schooling Strategy 2017-2018 in 2017.

This report, which provides guidance for schools on key areas needing

development, emphasized that improving parent and family involvement in

children’s education was one of three priority areas for schools, along with

improving the quality of teaching and increasing evidence-based practice

Williams and Sanchez (2018) suggest that there is often an educator-held

perception that most parents do not understand instructional deliveries and ways

students are learning in the classroom. They suggest this misunderstanding

makes it challenging for the parents to actively participate in their student’s

education. Williams and Sanchez further indicate that parents feel they face

10
obstacles that prevent them from being involved in the ways and levels that they

desire. Four themes emerged to describe the parental involvement barriers: time

poverty, lack of access, lack of financial resources, and lack of awareness.

Interestingly, of these four themes, the lack of awareness was highlighted by the

school employees.

This paper contributes to the previous literature by exploring evidence on

the relationship between parental involvement and children's learning

performance. Previous reviews on the relationship between parental involvement

and student success focus on describing the general parent involvement

strategies in school, but not homework specifically (Avvisati et al., 2018); focus

on describing, but not correlating, the parents' strategies in homework to learning

achievements (Hoover-Dempsey et al., 2018); or focus on indirect parental

involvement whereby parents, e.g. supervise the homework or have school

contact, but do not focus on the direct involvement of parents participating in the

homework process (Fan & Chen, 2018;Patall et al., 2018).

Parental involvement is defined as the level of participation that a parent

has in the child’s education and school. Many parents are tremendously involved,

often volunteering to help in their child’s classroom activities, communicating well

with their child’s teachers, assisting with homework, and understanding their

child’s individual academic strengths and weaknesses. Unfortunately, there are

also many parents who are not directly involved with their child’s education.

Many schools have programs aimed at increasing parental involvement such as

games and sports, home activities, and assorted opportunities for volunteers.

11
The variables which will be addressed in this study are; home environment,

parent- school communication, education activities both at home and at school.

This has been studied in countries, Asia (UNESCO, 2018). Southwest

Educational Development Laboratory (SEDL), found out that, when schools,

families, and community groups work together to support learning, children tend

to do better in school, stay in school longer, and like school (Kurdek, Fine &

Sinclair, 2018). The report, a synthesis of research on parent involvement over

the past decade, also found out that, regardless of family income or background,

students with involved parents are more likely to; earn higher grades and test

scores, and enroll in higher-level programs, be promoted, pass 10 their classes,

and earn credits, attend school regularly, have better social skills, show improved

behavior, and adapt well to school (SEDL, 2018).

Parents’ participation in educational activities at home

According to Keart (2009), when a child returns from school with

assignment, the parents’ role is to make sure that it has been done in the right

way and at the right time. Parents checking child’s homework, has shown a

positive association with academic achievement in some studies. Students

whose parents are involved in checking their homework showed higher

achievement than students whose parents are not involved in checking

homework. Other studies, however, have shown a negative association between

parents checking their children’s homework and academic achievement (Kurdek

et,.al, 2011). What parents do is more important to student success than whether

they are rich or poor, whether parents have finished high school or not. Every

12
school will promote partnerships that will increase parental participation in

promoting the academic growth of children. It is known that children who spend

more time on homework, on average, do better in school, and that the academic

benefits increase as children move into the upper grades (Tizard et,.al 2012).

Good assignments, completed successfully, can help children develop

wholesome habits and attitudes. However, homework can help parents learn

about their children's education. This can encourage a lifelong love for learning

(Tizard et,.al 2012). Learning at home involves families and their children in

learning together at home, including homework and other curriculum-linked

activities and decisions. Decision making includes families as participants in

school decisions, governance, and advocacy through PTA, school councils,

committees, and other parent organizations. Studies conducted by Education

Research International in Philippines shows that, parental affective support and

participation appeared to be one of the strongest predictors of students’

academic achievement (Deslandes, 2013). The recent meta-analysis conducted

by (Jeynes, 2013) showed a strong positive association between parental style

defined as supportive, loving, helpful, and maintaining an adequate level of

discipline and academic achievement. These positive associations may be due to

the ability of parents with an authoritative parenting style to be loving and

supportive and yet maintain an adequate level of discipline in the household.

Education is very important in every single people. For a child schooling

is hard, but with the help of the parents, a student can have partners that can

help them in their studies. The studies presented have the same perspective

13
when it comes to the definition of parental involvement. With that, the

researchers come to the idea that parental involvement plays a very important

role in student’s academics. Students having positive connection with their

parents will have better success. It is not only the students who benefits when

their parents are involve in their schooling, the school also builds bonds to

parents which can be helpful in developing better education for the students.

Students with parents that are actively involved in their academics develops

better grades. Improved skills and improved behavior.

14
 Chapter 3

Research Methodology

Overview of the study

The purpose of this research is to explain the methods of research in

details and the methodology implemented on this research. This part of

approach, the design of the research and the advantages and this advantage of

the research tools chosen. This will be followed by a thorough discussion on their

ability to provide results that will me the aims of this research. This chapter will

also conclude with a brief discussion on the ethical considerations and limitations

posed by the research methodology including the challenges during the

research.

Research Design

A descriptive survey was selected because it provides an accurate

portrayal or account of the characteristic, for example behavior, options, abilities,

beliefs, and knowledge of a particular individual, situation or group. This design

was chosen to meet the objective of the study, namely to determine the

knowledge and views of parental involvement.

15
Research Locale

The study was conducted at University of Batangas Lipa City, this place

was selected for knowing the effects of the said study among high school

students and for them to feel comfortable, this study was been implemented on

the Grade 9 and Grade 10 students.

Respondents

The researchers selected three sections of Grade 9 students and two

section of Grade 10 students from University of Batangas Lipa City. The

researchers randomly give the survey questionnaires to those who are willing to

answer. Grade 9 students were given 50 copies, while the remaining 50 copies

are for the Grade 10 students, with the total of 100 respondents.

Research Instruments

The instrument used by the researchers was a survey questionnaire to

gather the needed data. The draft of the questionnaire was drawn out based on

the researcher’s readings, previous studies, professional literature, published and

unpublished thesis relevant to the study. In the preparation of the survey

questionnaire, the requirements in the designing of good data collection

instrument were considered. Possible answers were provided I order to

accommodate the views of the respondents. In this way, the survey questionnaire

16
is authorized to obtain valid responses of the student’s .in addition the survey

questionnaire was validated by that teacher before it laid on the study.

Data Collection Procedure

Upon approval of the research topic, the researchers submitted a

permission letter to University of Batangas Lipa Campus’s admin for the request

of conducting the survey in their school. The researchers then assigned a day

and time for the survey, disseminated the questionnaires to the students, and

collected the data.

Data Analysis Procedure

To analyze the data to be collected, the researchers will use the

∑f
percentage formula P= x 100 wherein:
N

P = Percentage

∑f = Number of respondents

N = Total population

To show the data to be analyzed, the researchers used bar

charts, and included the interpretation for each result.

17
 Chapter 4

Presentation, Analysis, and Interpretation of Data

This chapter discusses the data analysis and findings from 100

questionnaires completed by the researchers. The purpose of this study was to

identify the Effects of Parental Involvement on Academic Performance of High

School Students.

18
 Figure 1.

Primary reason that the students want to graduate

50
45
40
35
30
25
20
15
10
5
0
ts b. ey el
f. lly it
en jo on s ia do
ar od
y c
yp go em ut
m
na
n an
m or o f ic
e ta em a b ts at
s ge ak er en th
ea To r s
pl m et a he
r
To To elb myp ot
fe to
To lp ve
he ro
To p
To

Based on results gathered presented on the table Figure 1, the primary

reason why students wants to finish their studies and get a diploma is because

they wanted to help their parents financially while the least was to make more

money for personal use or consumption. On the data gathered from the high

19
students of the University of Batangas. Helping their parents will financially is the

primary reason why they want to finish their studies, which is followed by getting

a good job. The reason might seem ironic but as per the students getting a good

job comes after supporting their parents financially, a day job that will suffice the

average living of a standard student's parent where they can support their basic

necessities soon after graduation.

Figure 2

Parents help to develop good study habits

60

50

40

30

20

10

0
Strongly - Disagree Disagree Neutral Agree Strongly - Agree

The table presents how parents contribute on developing good study

habits of their children. Based on the graph presented above, around 70% of the

students have mentioned that their parents have involvement in having a good

study habits and more than half of it have been greatly affected by it. Parental

involvement have been a good source in creating good study habits of their

children by proper and effective monitoring on the performance of their children

20
in and out of the school. Few students have a neutral or balanced answer which

conveys that good study habits is self taught and needs less participation from

their parents. A very minimal count have been tabulated that parents do not affect

good study habits and that there is at least minimal to about 4 percent said that

parents have no help or participation in having a good study habit

Figure 3

Parents encourage their child to get good grade

50
45
40
35
30
25
20
15
10
5
0
Strongly Disagree Disagree Neutral Agree Strongly Agree

Parental Encouragement has been a great factor for students to have

good grades at school. Around 85% of the total population of the survey agreed

that students believe that a parent who encourages their children to study is an

effective way of getting good grades at school. The remaining percentage have

answered that parents can either help them or not in getting good grades

conveying that parents is still the biggest influence in having good grades making

parental involvement a huge factor in the success of their children.

21
 Figure 4

Parents were strict when it comes to school

40

35

30

25

20

15

10

0
Strongly Disagree Disagree Neutral Agree Strongly Agree

The above presentation on how parental involvement when it comes to

being strict to their children's studies have shown a significant analysis. Most of

the students have become careful in providing results on this involvement or

attitude of parents towards their children's studies showing a major neutral result.

Neutral was the answer of the most which is contributed by different factors

gagging the students to perform well at school. a few disagreed that the

strictness of the parents affects their attitude towards their studies as they have

been effectively performing at school. The rest agreed that the strictness of

parents have been effective giving proper guidance and discipline while still

studying. the strictness of parents varies depending on a student's attitude and

22
there cannot be compared to each and everyone because each student or

individual have their own personal uniqueness and characteristics.

Figure 5

Parents checked to see if their child had homework

50
45
40
35
30
25
20
15
10
5
0
Strongly Disagree Disagree Neutral Agree Strongly Agree

Based on the above presentation, parents now a days are still inclined

when it comes to checking their children's school activities including their

assignments. Based on the survey almost half of the student answered that their

parents have been checking their assignments but on different frequency and

manner garnering almost half of the neutral category in parental involvement with

their assignments. The rest have almost equal or at least a very minimal

difference if parents still check their assignments or not. As the generation move

to faster phasing more parents have equal to less involvement on checking their

children's homework. A larger percentage is still acquired by checking their

23
assignments compared to not checking at all showing that even on a fast phased

generation parents are still inclined on their children's activities at school.

Figure 6

Parents attended parent-teacher conferences

45

40

35

30

25

20

15

10

0
Strongly Disagree Disagree Neutral Agree Strongly Agree

On the figure presented above based on the survey, most parents still

remain active in attending parent-teacher conferences to keep track on how their

children performs at school. High figure shows that parents have been taking

their time to attend Parent-teacher conferences compared to those who are not

attending at all. The figures from neutral to strongly agree have been showing

significant result which means that even on a fast pace generation, parents finds

time to attend conferences on how to track their on how their children do at

24
school and also to be able to determine the parts where their children needs

improve on the different aspects including Academics and GMRC .

Figure 7

Parents punished their child (e.g took away TV privileges, Cell Phones, Allowance) if he/she receives bad grades
40

35

30

25

20

15

10

0
Strongly Disagree Disagree Neutral Agree Strongly Agree

Punishment have been the least option of parents now a day's based on

the results of the students based on survey. A very minimal percentage of the

students who answered the survey that parents punish their children if they are

receiving bad grades at school. Based on results, punishment have been less to

none if children bad grades at school instead a personal coaching or counseling

have replaced punishment on students receiving bad grades.

25
 Figure 8

Parents attended events like “Family Day”, “Field Trip” and “Parent’s Day”
40

35

30

25

20

15

10

0
Strongly Disagree Disagree Neutral Agree Strongly Agree

Parents attending events like "Family day, Field trip etc." has been very

prominent in the graph presented rather than those who does not attend. Based

on survey, parents still continue to attend school events that will gage students to

perform well at school not only on their academics by supporting on school

events like the latter. Parents still finds time to attend activities to show their

children their emotional and moral support that studies do not just roam around

the four corners of the classroom but also to events that will help them develop

26
personality. Quarter of the total population the survey said that their parents does

not attend due to some reasons like both parents being an overseas worker or

looking after all the household task which stops them to attend latter events.

Figure 9

Parents volunteer in class

45

40

35

30

25

20

15

10

0
Strongly Disagree Disagree Neutral Agree Strongly Agree

On the survey conducted, parents tend to participate or volunteer in class

less. Based on figures, a little over 20 percent of the total population of the

survey said that their parents volunteer in class. There are a lot of factors why

parents volunteer in class even though most of them attend school activities or

events referring to figure 8. More than 45% said that their parents does ot

volunteer in class while the rest have either or not been volunteering at all. there

are so many factors why parents does not volunteer in class including the time,

effort and the gravity of their responsibility. Parental involvement has been less to

none based on quantifiable results.

27
 Figure 10

Parents fail to notice when students receive good grades.

40

35

30

25

20

15

10

0
Strongly Disagree Disagree Neutral Agree Strongly Agree

On the graph presented above, Parents appreciate and notices their

children whenever they get good grades at school. The graph shows a significant

difference between parents who notices their children's hard work paid off by

getting good grade rather than those who does not notice at all. This has number

have a positive effect on students making them to strive harder not just for the

sake of getting good grades but also for the consolation of being noticed,

appreciated and rewarded by their parents bringing a positive impact to students.

The rest of the census who agree that parents fails does not mean that they are

not striving their best to get good grades but there are contributing factor on why

is to parents fail to notice their good grades.

28
 Figure 11

Parents volunteer to help with the students' extra-curriculum activities.

45

40

35

30

25

20

15

10

0
Strongly Disagree Disagree Neutral Agree Strongly Agree

Based on the survey conducted, most number of parents have been

involve and have been volunteering on their children's extracurricular activities to

be able to lessen the effort of the students. This category have been showing a

prominent and strong answer the parent tends to volunteer more to be able to

help their children while a very few said that their parents volunteer because it is

their passion or expertise. This trend has been very visible on schools where

parents have a lot of personal involvement on school activities.

29
 Figure 12

Parents demonstrate support for the students' extra-curriculum activities

45

40

35

30

25

20

15

10

0
Strongly Disagree Disagree Neutral Agree Strongly Agree

Based on the survey conducted many students agree on how their parents

support their child in extracurricular activities and may students said that their

parents never help their child to their extra curricular

30
 Figure 13

Parents become proud whenever a student receives good grades in school

45

40

35

30

25

20

15

10

0
Strongly Disagree Disagree Neutral Agree Strongly Agree

Based on the survey conducted, most number of students said that their

parents will become proud when it comes to their academic and when they got

high grade. This category have been showing a prominent and strong answer the

parent wants their children to have a high grades.

31
 Figure 14

Parents become disappointed when students receive failing grades

35

30

25

20

15

10

0
Strongly Disagree Disagree Neutral Agree Strongly Agree

Based on this graph many students agree that their parents become

disappointed when they receive failing grades. Many parents will get angry to

their children when they got low grades.

32
 Figure 15

Parents' encouragement help students stay focused on my education.

45

40

35

30

25

20

15

10

0
Strongly Disagree Disagree Neutral Agree Strongly Agree

Based on this graph their parents encourage their children to stay focused

and study on their academics. Their parents support and provide inspiration to

their children to perform well and good.

33
 Chapter 5

SUMMARY, CONCLUSION, AND RECOMMENDATION

Include in this chapter are the summary of the whole process and results

of the study conducted, the researchers’ conclusion about the research, and their

recommendations for the solution of the problems defined.

This study was conducted in with the general objective of determining the

Effects of Parental Involvement on Academic Performance of High school

Students from University of Batangas Lipa City

Specifically, this study sought to answer the following questions:

1. How does parental involvement affect students on their academic

performance?
2. How does a parent encourage their child to perform productively in class?
3. In what way does a parent involve themselves in their child’s academic

performance?
4. What are the effects of parental involvement on the student’s personal

behavior?
5. How can parents be more efficient when it comes to student’s academic

performance?

Summary of the Findings

34
 This study was conducted for the purpose of effects of parental

involvement on academic performance of high school students from

University of Batangas Lipa City. The research was conducted in

descriptive way, and the questionnaire method was used to gather data

from respondents.
Through the data gathered from the respondents and different

sources, the study eventually provided the answers for the statement of

the problem. These answers therefore fulfilled the purpose of the study.
Through the data gathered from the respondents and difference

sources, most of them agrees that their parent help them develop good

study habits, that their parents encourage them to get good grades, that

their parents encourage attend events in school, that their parents

demonstrated support for their extra-curricular activities, that their parents

seemed disappointed when they received bad grades and their parents

encouragement help them stay focused in education.

Most of the students answer neutral that their parents were strict

when it comes to school, that their parents check to see if they had

homework, that their parents attend parents – teacher conferences, that

their parents punish them if they receive failing grades and their parents

volunteer to help them in their extra-curricular activities. Most of them

disagreed that their parents volunteer in their class and that their parents

doesn’t notice when they receive good grades. Forty-two out of One

hundred respondents strongly agree that their parents seemed to be

proud when they receive good grades.

Conclusion

35
 The result of this study echo this finding of the multitude of

researchers that previously examined the impact parent involvement have

on improved student academic achievement and classroom behavior. The

findings of this study are further validation that involving parents positively

correlates to increase student’s academic achievement and classroom

behavior. The researchers found out that parental involvement plays an

important role in a student success. Students achieve more in school

when their parents are involved in their education. The research

overwhelmingly supports the following conclusion:

1. Academic achievement increases when parents are involved in

their children education.

The more intensively involved the parents are, the greater the

positive impact in academic achievement.

2. Parental involvement leads to better classroom behavior.

Parental involvement not only enhances academic performance,

but it also has a positive influence on student attitude and

behavior. A parents interest and encouragement in a child’s

education can affect the child attitude toward school, classroom

conduct, self – esteem, absenteeism and motivation.

3. Parental involvement benefits children and parents. Parents will

have a better understanding of the curriculum and activities and

can be more comfortable with quality of education their child is

receiving. They spend more time with their children and

become able to communicate better with them. Some studies

36
 show that a parent participation in a child education may inquire

the parent to further his/her own education.

Recommendation

The following recommendations are based on the conclusions of the study

Parents should set study rooms which provide conducive home environment for

doing home study. The conducive home environment enhances thorough

concentration during study. Parents should set home rules to govern their

children home study behavior. e.g. time to bed and time to watch TV. This will

enables the children to develop good study habits at home. Teachers should

establish effective partnerships with parents to support learners learning. This

enhances academic performance due to the attention given to the feedback from

either party on the child’s support. Parents and teachers should adopt modern

method of communication such as mobile phone to enhance communication.

Parents and teachers should embrace parents’ school communication for

improved academic performance. Parents involvement in schools’ activities

should be encouraged and the government should consider developing and

implementing policies that support this. The collaborative effort enhances

children learning.

Bibliography

Amponsan [Link], (2018), parents have distinct advantage over anyone else in
that they can provide 21(4), 363-387.

Chiuri, (2009), primary education plays important role in human capital

development. Journal

37
Eviara (2010), It’s been documented that parents readiness to contact teachers
about their children’s improvement possibly the first step to becoming involve in
education. book

Dietel, (2011), a parent involvement in their child’s education is the single

Mepp (2015) concluded that parents have a major influence on their children’s

achievement in school. journal

( Tonh, 2016). The transition also corresponds to the largest drop in student

achievement. book

(Sui-Chu, 2016), the motivation of better education outcomes for the child is

common to most attempts at defining parental involvement by education

scholars.

Todd, (2017), the first uses observational data with a clear preference for

nationally representative surveys to estimate structurally the parameters of an

education production function.

Williams and Sanchez (2018) suggest that there is often an educator-held

perception that most parents do not understand instructional deliveries and ways

students are learning in the classroom.

(Avvisati et al., 2018); focus on describing, but not correlating, the parents'

strategies in homework to learning achievements

Hoover-Dempsey et al., 2018); or focus on indirect parental involvement

whereby parents,

38
(Fan & Chen, 2018;Patall et al., 2018).supervise the homework or have school

contact, but do not focus on the direct involvement of parents participating in the

homework process

(Kurdek, Fine & Sinclair, 2018).children tend to do better in school, stay in school

longer, and like school

(SEDL, 2018). attend school regularly, have better social skills, show improved

behavior, and adapt well to school

(Jeynes, 2018) Home environment includes supervision and rules. This refers to

moderate levels of parental support

(Clark, 2018) Children that spend less time watching television and more time on

school-related activities shows a positive relationship with academic

achievement

O’Sullivan, J., & Howe, M. L. (1996).. Lincoln, IL: Academic Development

Institute. Smith, J., Stern, K., Casual attributions and reading achievement:

Individual differences in low income families. Contemporary Educational

Psychology, 21(4), 363-387. Redding, S. (2006). The mega system: Deciding,

learning, connecting& Shatrova, Z. (2008). Factors inhibiting Hispanic parent’s

school involvement. Rural Educator, 29(2), 8-13. Retrieved from

[Link] Weiner, B. (1985). An

attributional theory of achievement motivation and emotion. Psychological

Reviews, 92(4), 548-573. doi:10.1037/0033-295X.92.4.548 Zellman, G. L., &

Waterman, J. M. (1998). Understanding the impact of parent school involvement

39
on children’s educational outcomes. Journal of Educational Research, 91(6),

370-380. doi:10.1080/00220679809597566

Appendix A
February 27, 2019
The Principal/Administrator
University of Batangas Lipa City
Marawoy Lipa City

Dear Sir/ Madam,

Warmest Greetings!

We are presently conducting a study entitled Effects of Parental Involvement in Academic

Performance of High School Students as a requirement in our Practical Research 2. In this

40
connection, we would like to request your Grade 8, 9 and Grade 10 students to be our
respondents in this study.

The survey would only last for about 10-15 minutes and would be done at a time
convenient to the students’ schedule. Participation in the survey is entirely voluntary and there is
no harm or risks in participating to this study. All information provided will be kept with utmost
confidentiality and would be for academic purposes only.

Your approval to conduct this study will be greatly appreciated. Thank you for your
cooperation.

Sincerely yours,

Noted by:
Aguila, Adrian E.
GERALD F. FALCUTILA
Researcher
Research Adviser
Castillo, Josh Lee Mathew R.
BERNADETH T. MACATANGAY
Academic Head Researcher

Approved by: Pitogo, Ralph Allen D.

VILMA G. ASINAS Researcher

Principal

Appendix B

EFFECTS OF PARENTAL INVOLVEMENT ON ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE

OF HIGH SCHOOL STUDENTS
This questionnaire is part of a survey for research paper on the topic
“Effects of Parental Involvement on Academic Performance of High School
Students” in order to assess the knowledge, perceptions and experiences of
students regarding effect of parental involvement. We believe that your school
could help us to gather information about our topic. All the information that will be
collected will be kept confidential and used only for academic purposes.
Thank you for your cooperation.

41
Name (optional):_____________________________
Grade Level:________________________________ Gender:______

Directions: The following questions ask your education (Check the one that most
applies to you)

1. Which of the following would you say is the primary reason that you want to
graduate from high school? (Please choose only one response).
To please my parents.
To get a good job.
To make more money.
To feel better about myself.
To help my parents financially.
To prove to others that i can do it.

Please circle a response that indicates how strongly you agree or disagree with
each statement below.
2. My parents helped me develop good study habits.
Strongly-Disagree Disagree Neutral Agree Strongly-Agree
1 2 3 4 5

3. My parents encouraged me to get good grades.

Strongly-Disagree Disagree Neutral Agree Strongly-Agree
1 2 3 4 5
.4. My parents were strict when it comes to school.
Strongly-Disagree Disagree Neutral Agree Strongly-Agree
1 2 3 4 5
.5. My parents checked to see if i had homework.
Strongly-Disagree Disagree Neutral Agree Strongly-Agree
1 2 3 4 5

42
6. My parents attended parent-teacher conferences.
Strongly-Disagree Disagree Neutral Agree Strongly-Agree
1 2 3 4 5
.7. My parents punished me (e.g took away my TV privileges, Cell phones,
Allowance) if I received bad grades.
Strongly-Disagree Disagree Neutral Agree Strongly-Agree
1 2 3 4 5
8. My parents attended events like “Family day”, “Field Trip”, “Parents Day”.
Strongly-Disagree Disagree Neutral Agree Strongly-Agree
1 2 3 4 5
9. My parent(s) volunteered in my class.
Strongly-Disagree Disagree Neutral Agree Strongly-Agree
1 2 3 4 5
10. My parents did not notice when I received good grades.
Strongly-Disagree Disagree Neutral Agree Strongly-Agree
1 2 3 4 5
11. My parents volunteered to help with my extra-curriculum activity. (e.g. coach)
Strongly-Disagree Disagree Neutral Agree Strongly-Agree
1 2 3 4 5

12. My parents demonstrated support for my extra-curricular activities.

Strongly-Disagree Disagree Neutral Agree Strongly-Agree
1 2 3 4 5
13. My parents seemed to be proud of me when I received good grades in
school.
Strongly-Disagree Disagree Neutral Agree Strongly-Agree
1 2 3 4 5
14. My parents seemed disappointed when I received bad grades.
Strongly-Disagree Disagree Neutral Agree Strongly-Agree

43
 1 2 3 4 5
15. I believe my parents’ encouragement helped stay focused on my education
Strongly-Disagree Disagree Neutral Agree Strongly-Agree
1 2 3 4 5

44